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本帖最后由 lilyma06 于 2011-9-23 16:10 编辑
【中文标题】中美对台湾态度缓解
【原文标题】U.S., China Ease Stance on Taiwan
【登载媒体】华尔街日报
【来源地址】http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111904194604576580392496567246.html#articleTabs%3Darticle
【译 者】小伟 无聊意志
【翻译方式】人工
【声 明】本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不得转载。
【译 文】
BEIJING—The U.S. appears to have averted a conflict with China by deciding to sell Taiwan military-fighter upgrades rather than new planes, indicating that both sides are eager to move beyond what has long been the most sensitive issue between them.
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美国已经决定升级对台出售的战斗机，而不是出售新飞机，来避免与中国发生冲突，这表明双方都渴望能避开一直以来之间最敏感的问题。
But the decision could cause other conflicts with critics in the U.S. and Asia who want the White House to take a stronger tack to counter China's growing military might.
The Obama administration has decided to upgrade Taiwan's existing 146 Lockheed Martin F-16 A/B jets, rather than selling it 66 new C/D models that the island has been seeking since 2006, a congressional official said. Formal notification of a proposed arms sale usually follows informal consultations with Congress and is expected in the next few weeks.
但是此决定可能会引发与美国和亚洲问题评论家们的更多冲突，他们希望白宫政府对日渐强大的中国军事力量采取强硬态度。
一名国会议员指出，奥巴马政府已经决定升级台湾现有146架洛克希德马丁公司的F16A/B飞机，而不是向其出售2006年以来台一直寻求的66 架F-16 C/D 模型。武器销售的正式通知之后会有与国会非官方的磋商，计划在接下来几周会进行。
China is likely to respond to the U.S. move with its usual vociferous public protests, political analysts say, but stop short of suspending military relations as it did the last time Washington sold a weapons package to Taiwan.
一名政治分析者说，中国可能会用一贯响亮的公开抗议来应对美国的举措，但是绝不会暂停军事关系，就像上次美国向台湾出售武器一样。
However, a decision not to provide the new planes would leave President Barack Obama open to accusations that he has sold out a democratic ally in Asia for the sake of commercial ties with the world's second-largest economy. Word that the administration is preparing to decline to offer new fighters to Taipei is coming as a bitter disappointment to many Democrats as well as Republicans.
Rep. Howard Berman of California, the ranking Democrat on the House Foreign Affairs Committee, said Friday in response to press reports that an F-16 upgrade was "only a half-measure" when it came to modernizing Taiwan's arsenal.
但是，不出售新武器的决定使得奥巴马面对这样一个指控：为了与世界第二大经济国的商业关系而出卖亚洲的民主盟友。有传言说美国政府将准备拒绝向台出售新武器的说法令很多民主党人和共和党人非常失望。加州众议院外交事务委员会的资深民主党众议员霍华德•伯曼周五在回应新闻界的报道中指出：升级F-16只是台湾军火库现代化的权宜之计。
"Everyone, including this administration, acknowledges that the military balance across the Straits has tilted far too heavily toward China," he said in a statement. "Taiwan needs more-advanced fighter aircraft to adequately defend itself against the continued and increasing Chinese military threat."
“包括美国政府在内的所有人都承认海峡两岸的军事平衡已经严重倾斜到中国大陆方面，台湾需要更先进的战斗机来充分的保护自己来应对中国日渐增长的军事威胁。”
Some analysts and politicians in the U.S. and Taiwan believe that Washington is bowing to pressure from Beijing and reneging on its commitment under the 1979 Taiwan Relations Act to help the island defend itself. Last week, Sens. John Cornyn (R., Texas) and Robert Menendez (D., N.J.) introduced a bill that would require the Obama administration to sell Taiwan the new F-16 C/Ds, saying selling it just the upgrades would be "a slap in the face to a strong ally and longtime friend."
一些美国和台湾的分析家和政治家认为，华盛顿是在向自于北京的压力低头，并且违背了1979年《与台湾关系法》中“协助岛内自卫”的规定。上周，得克萨斯州的参议员约翰•考宁与新泽西州的罗伯特梅嫩德斯提交议案要求奥巴马政府出售给台湾新战斗机F-16C/D，并说只是对台出售升级将会是“给强大的盟友以及老朋友一记耳光”。
The administration has declined comment on a possible F-16 package, but officials have said previous arms sales to Taiwan have been guided by the Taiwan Relations Act.
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奥巴马政府已经否定了出售F-16的议案，但是官员们称，之前对台武器的出售都是遵循《与台湾关系法》的。
An F-16C/D fighter visiting Taipei for an airshow last month; the U.S. has reportedly decided not to sell Taiwan any, though.
As for China, it believes that Taiwan must be reunited with the mainland, by force if necessary, and views arms sales there as a violation of its sovereignty. Such sales have triggered repeated crises in relations since the U.S. switched diplomatic recognition from the island to mainland China in 1979.
上个月的一次航展中一架F-16C/D曾在台湾展览过，可是据传闻美国是不会出售给台湾的。
至于中国政府，仍然相信台湾和大陆必将统一，在必要情况下不惜使用武力，并将出售武器视作损害国家主权之行径。这种军售行为自1979年美国承认中国大陆政府以来就在双方引发一再的危机。
The last package of U.S. arms for Taiwan, valued at $6.4 billion and announced in January 2010, prompted Beijing to suspend military exchanges with Washington for 12 months.
"China is still going to protest because it sees these arms sales as a violation of its sovereignty. But China also recognizes that this is part of reality," said Jia Qingguo, a professor at the School of International Studies at Peking University.
2010年宣布 的最近一批美国出售给台湾的武器价值64亿美元，这导致了北京与华盛顿暂停12个月的军事往来。
“中国会继续抗议，因为这种军售侵犯了中国主权，但是中国也同样认识到这也是现实的一部分。”北京大学国际关系学院教授贾庆国说道。
"If the U.S. does not sell the C/Ds but only the A/B upgrades, then that probably wouldn't lead to a suspension of military exchanges," he said. "Both sides are learning to manage this issue, rather than allowing it to rock the overall relationship."
China's Foreign Ministry repeated its standard position on the issue Monday, saying Beijing is "firmly opposed" to all U.S. arms sales to Taiwan, and didn't respond to a question about how Beijing would respond to the latest package.
“如果美国只买给台湾升级版F-16A/B，而并不卖F-16C/D战机，就不会导致双方暂停军事往来，”他说，“两国都在努力解决此次纷争，而不是任由关系恶化下去”
中国外交部周一就此问题再次强调自己的立场，表明中国“坚决反对”美出售给台任何武器并且并不会回答任何关于中国会采取哪些措施应对最新武器的问题。
But a front-page article in the Global Times, a nationalistic tabloid with links to the Communist Party, quoted analysts as saying China would protest but not suspend military ties if the U.S. offered Taiwan only the fighter upgrades.
Officials and analysts in Asia and the West say the gradual scaling back of U.S. arms sales to Taiwan—and the more moderate response expected from China—reflects the growing importance and complexity of relations between the U.S. and China—now the world's two largest economies.
"We cannot interpret" the decision as an abdication of America's commitments in Asia, said Teuku Faizasyah, a spokesman for Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. "In a relationship between countries, choices of policy are often being influenced by national interests. From the Indonesia-China-U.S. point of view, we see the U.S. and China as countries that have the same interest in the region—to keep the region balanced and stable. We cannot draw quick conclusions based on this case."
《环球时报》首页头版，援引分析者的话说，如果美国仅仅提供给台湾战斗机升级的话中国将抗议，但不会暂停的双方军事关系。
亚洲和西方国家的官员以及分析家说，美逐渐减少对台军售，以及得到越来越多来自中国大陆的期望，反映出中美这两大经济国家之间关系的重要性和复杂性。
印尼总统苏西洛的发言人特库•费扎亚说：放弃美国在亚洲的承诺是“我们不能解释的决定”。在国家之间的关系中，政策的调整通常都是随国家利益而变化。从印尼、中国和美国的角度来看，我们看到中国和美国在这个区域是具有相同利益立场的国家，这能保持该地区的平衡与稳定。基于这种情况我们不能草率结论。
"We are still optimistic that the U.S. and China are engaged and involved in the region in many ways, including in economic and cultural partnerships." he added. "Pragmatic interest will not automatically abort that bigger commitment. President Obama's plan to come next November (to Indonesia) will show the U.S.'s commitment and engagement with Southeast Asia."
Carlyle Thayer, a professor at the University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy, said the U.S. decision was a finely calibrated move designed to maintain Washington's commitments to ensure the defense of Taiwan without threatening relations with China. "There might be more to be gained in pursuing a strategic judgment that doesn't jeopardize Taiwan's defenses," said Mr. Thayer, a longtime observer of security affairs in the Asia-Pacific region.
"This struck me as a clever, calculated decision to maintain the momentum of good relations with China and see how far they can go," Mr. Thayer said.
“我们仍很乐观地看到美国与中国在很多方面都在从事和参与，包括在经济和文化的伙伴关系中。”他补充道，“实用利益不会自动终止那些相对来说更大的承诺。”奥巴马明年十一月来印尼的计划表明了美国计划与东南亚的承诺与合作。
新南威尔士大学澳大利亚国防军学院教授卡莱尔（Carlyle Thayer）说，“美国的决定是旨在不威胁到与中国大陆关系的情况下，精心的举动实现美国对保护台湾的承诺。将来可能会加强协助台湾自卫的战略判断方面的工作。” 亚太地区安全事务的长期观察员卡莱尔先生说。
“我认为这是一个聪明的精于计划的决定，能够同时保持与中国的良好关系的势头，让我们看看能走出多远。”Thayer先生说。
Rather than worry about the solidity of Washington's commitments to Taiwan, Mr. Thayer said some neighboring governments such as those in Vietnam and the Philippines which contest China's claims to the South China Sea might in fact welcome the U.S. decision to upgrade rather than replace the Taiwan fighters. "They would be concerned if the U.S. provides Taiwan more modern equipment and upsets China. That could take chill relations all the way down the line," Mr. Thayer said.
泰勒先生说并不担心美国对台湾是否恪守承诺：“像越南和菲律宾一样某些质疑中国对南海声明的邻国政府可能会欢迎美国决定升级，而不是取代台湾战斗机。“他们可能关心美国是否会给台湾提供更先进的武器，给中国大陆压力，这样会使这种关系一路降至冰点” Thayer先生说道。
The Pentagon, in particular, has been trying this year to build more stable military ties with China, in part to encourage it to be more transparent about the advanced weapons it is developing—including stealth fighters and aircraft carriers—and how it plans to use them.
The U.S. decision also comes amid mounting concern among some Asian countries about whether China's growing military clout is forcing the U.S. to back away from its security commitments in the region.
尤其是五角大楼今年一直试图与中国建立更稳定的军事关系，以便于在某种程度上鼓励其在生产的军工武器上更加透明，包括隐形战斗机和航空母舰，以及计划如何使用他们。
美国的决议也考虑到了亚洲国家关于中国日益增长的军事势力会使美国放弃其在该地区的安全承诺。
Many defense experts believe China's rapidly expanding military power means that U.S. arms sales can no longer maintain a military balance between Taipei and Beijing, which have also drawn close through expanding trade and transport links in recent years.
许多国防专家认为，中国军事实力的迅速扩大，意味着美国对台军售，不能再维持台北和北京之间的军事平衡，而这种平衡是近些年来通过扩大贸易和交通联系而更加紧密了。
Justin Chou, a legislator from Taiwan's ruling Kuomintang party and member of the Foreign Affairs and National Defense Committee, said Monday that while it is hard to accept just the upgrade, "that's the reality." He added that Taiwan remains concerned about China's weapons buildup and will "never give up the possibility of reaching a better situation on these issues."
"So in my personal opinion," he said, "I'm not satisfied but I will accept it."
台湾执政党国民党的立法会议员，外交和国防委员会委员周守训周一表示，虽然很难接受升级，“但这已是事实。”他补充说，台湾将仍关注中国的武器建设，“并将一直致力于探寻解决这个问题的最佳方案。”“对我个人而言，”他说，“我并不满意，但我会接受它。”
Even within Taiwan's Defense Ministry, however, some people do not want the new F-16 C/Ds, arguing that the island's limited defense budget would be better spent on submarines and other weaponry, according to one Taiwan defense official.
甚至是台湾国防部门，有些人并不想要新的F-16C/D战机，据一名国防官员说，台湾有限的国防预算应该用在更需要的地方，比如潜水艇和其他武器装备。
网友评论：
- Jelek Kineski replied:
Now which nation do you think is militarily dangeous the most and is aggressively rampaging throughout the whole Asia?
Of course it's haphazardous china! - U.S need not be so sensitive to corrupt china commies even though economic relation, the amount of trade between two countries, becoming increased!
- Anyway, U.S should continue furthermore military-support for all asian allies to make china-born noisy howler monkey shout up.
现在哪个国家最危险？又是哪个国家在亚洲横冲直撞呢？显然是中国，美国不必对中国那些腐败的共产党过度敏感，连经济上也是如此。
不管怎么样，美国应该继续加强对亚洲盟国的军事援助，让那些中国猴子闭嘴。 - Bob McGovern wrote:
Our Chinese paymasters cannot be crossed; Obama complies.
我们的中国债主不能被惹恼, 奥巴马如是说 - Terry Traub wrote:
- Money speaks louder than principles. Democracy in Taiwan is less important to us than Beijing's underwriting of our debt. Carter dumped Taiwan unceremoniously in 1979 and won us no friendship, only contempt from both sides.
有钱能使鬼推磨，台湾的民主比起北京的钱是不止一起的。卡特在79年对台湾的出卖没有为美国赢得任何友谊，反倒是被海峡两岸所藐视。 - Wilhelm Pappeln replied:
"this party intends to wipe out that the fact of Taiwan is an independent country. " - Taiwan is not an independent country. It is a province of the ROC, which is an independent country.
- “这个党（国民党）想清除台湾是一个独立国家的真相。”
台湾不是一个独立国家，它是中华民国的一个省。中华民国才是一个独立国家 - 18 hours ago
Mark Pickering wrote:
Taiwan has an economy about the same size as Saudi Arabia, and Saudi Arabia is willing to spend a lot of money on defense (around 11% of GDP). The Taiwanese are not willing to spend nearly as much (around 2% of GDP). Both are threatened by neighbors, but it seems to me that Taiwan is threatened more by Red China than Saudi Arabia is by Iran. Since the Taiwanese could buy jets and other military hardware from countries besides the US (like France), the question is why they aren't trying harder to defend themselves?
台湾是一个与沙特阿拉伯相当的经济体，然而沙特把11%的GDP投入国防，台湾只把2%的GDP投入国防，它们都受到邻国威胁。 但是似乎台湾受到共产中国的威胁要远远大于沙特受到伊朗的威胁。既然台湾可以从除美国之外的其他国家购买喷气式战机（比如法国）你们为什么他们不花更大的力量去保护自己呢？ - 17 hours ago
Wilhelm Pappeln replied:
I don't know how deeply held among pro-independence Taiwanese is the belief that if the PRC invades the ROC, we will rescue them. If many of them believe that, then they have little incentive to spend more on defense. - 我不知道台独分子是否到了中华人民共和国一旦入侵中华民国就愿意拯救中华民国的地步。 如果不少台湾人这样想，你们他们就不需要去购买什么武器。
- Michael Coning wrote:
If China sold advanced weaponry to Cuba I suspect we would be ticked off too.
如果中国把新式武器卖到古巴，我怀疑我也会抓狂的。 - 1 day ago
STEPHEN METZGER replied:
Therefore, what? If you are on the side of the Chicoms, go live there.
然后如何？如果你站在中共分子一边，就滚去中国吧
RONALD DIAMOND replied:
China doesn't have advanced weaponry to sell. China is already selling what they have to most of our enemies. Why shouldn't we sell to China's enemy?
中共根本没有先进武器可卖，中共已经把武器卖给了我们所有的敌人，为什么我们不能把武器卖给中国的敌人。
- Li-shi Chen replied:
The US doesn't need to sell weapons to China's "enemies". It already has bases in Japan and South Korea. It really would not want to sell weapons to Russia, for obvious reasons, either. Anyone else you can think of selling weapons to?
美国没必要把武器卖给中国的敌人，因为美国的基地已经造到了日本和南朝鲜了。因为一些众所周知的原因，美国不太想把武器卖给俄国了，那么还有谁可以卖？
Stefano Rosellini replied:
So Cuba has become a democracy like Taiwan? I think you should check your premises.- Stefano
难道古巴已经变成了一个像台湾一样的民主政体了吗？我认为你应该考虑一下这个前提。 - Stefano Rosellini replied:
Your premise is wrong. Cuba is not a democracy like Taiwan that it is trying to defend itself from a potential aggressor. Helping an ally is a duty.
你的前提是错误的。古巴不是如台湾一样是一个试图保护自己免受潜在入侵的民主国家，帮助盟友是一种责任。
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