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【中文标题】中印在海洋石油问题上面临僵局
【原文标题】India Faces Standoff With China on Sea Oil
【登载媒体】华尔街日报
【来源地址】http://online.wsj.com/article/SB ... 86620948411618.html
【译 者】MiaT
【翻译方式】人工
【声 明】欢迎转载，请务必注明译者和出处 bbs.m4.cn。
【译 文】
By JEREMY PAGE in Beijing and TOM WRIGHT in New Delhi
北京记者Jeremy Page与新德里记者Tom Wright
India is being pulled into a complex and increasingly tense territorial dispute in the South China Sea, with China repeatedly warning ONGC, the Indian state oil company, that its joint exploration plans with Vietnam amount to a violation of Chinese sovereignty.
南海领土争端问题越发紧张复杂，印度则在其中越陷越深。中国反复警告印度石油天然气公司，称这家印度国有公司与越南共同开采油气的计划对中国的主权构成了侵犯。
The Indian government responded to the latest Chinese warnings Thursday by repeating its pledge to continue exploring for energy in the South China Sea, where China is embroiled in territorial disputes with Vietnam, the Philippines, Taiwan, Malaysia and Brunei.
周四，印度政府对中国的一系列警告做出回应，表示印度将继续在南海开采能源。南海领土争端涉及中国、越南、菲律宾、台湾、马来西亚、文莱等国家和地区。
ONGC, meanwhile, said it planned to resume drilling next year at one of its two remaining blocks in the area, after suspending work there because of a hard seabed, and after relinquishing another block last year because it lacked production potential.
印度石油天然气公司在南海仍保存有两块开采区域，公司表示将在明年恢复对其中一块区域的开采工作。这块将要恢复开采的区域曾因海床硬度过大而暂时停工，另一块区域则由于缺乏开采潜力而在去年被弃。
"We plan to restart drilling there," said ONGC Chairman A.K. Hazarika. "The [Indian] Ministry of External Affairs has informed us that the block is well within the territory of Vietnam and so there are no issues with exploration there."
印度石油天然气公司主席A.K. Hazarika表示：“我们计划重新开始钻探。印度对外事务部已通知我们，该区域是越南领土，可以进行开采。”
The testy public exchanges follow an unusual incident in July when, according to the Indian government, an Indian navy ship visiting Vietnam as part of expanding bilateral defense ties received a radio message warning it that it was entering Chinese waters. China has dismissed India's version of the incident as "groundless."
七月，一个事件引发了公众的愤怒之情：印度政府表示，印度海军某船只在参加印越双边国防合作项目时，在越南海域收到无线信号警告，称其已进入中国领海。中国表示印度的这一说法“毫无根据”。
Analysts say the fresh standoff between Asia's two emerging economic and military giants, which fought a brief war over their disputed Himalayan land borders in 1962, increases the risk of a military flare-up in the South China Sea.
1962年，中印曾因喜马拉雅地区的领土纠纷而爆发过一场短暂的战争。分析人士表示，亚洲这两大经济军事巨头间出现的最新僵局会增加南海爆发军事冲突的危险。
China, which won the 1962 war, has been involved in several angry exchanges and incidents at sea this year with Vietnam and the Philippines, which have been beefing up their military arsenals, and defense ties with the U.S., in response to what they see as growing Chinese assertiveness.
1962年，中国在对印战争中获胜；今年，中国与越南和菲律宾间发生了多次争执，出现了多起海上事件。为了应对越发自信的中国，越南和菲律宾增加了军事力量，并加强了与美国的国防合作。
The U.S. meanwhile has been fending off repeated Chinese protests about its surveillance operations in the area, while trying to encourage democratic allies and partners, especially India, Australia and Japan, to play a more active role in defending freedom of navigation in the region.
中国对美国监视这一区域的行为多次予以指责；美国对这些指责不管不顾，并鼓励印度、澳大利亚和日本等盟友积极行动起来，保卫该地区的自由航海权。
The South China Sea, which Beijing claims almost in its entirety, is thought to be rich in oil and gas—although proving that has been hard because of the territorial disputes—and is one of the world's most important shipping routes.
北京将南海的绝大部分区域视为中国领土。南海或有丰富的石油与天然气储量，但是，由于领土争端，油气的真正储量难以得到证实。南海还是世界上最重要的航海区域之一。
It is also now one of the region's major potential flashpoints as emerging Asian economies, especially China and India, build up their military firepower and seek the energy and other resources they need to fuel growth.
由于以中国和印度为首的亚洲新兴国家正在加强军队力量，并寻求能源和其他资源以支持经济发展，因此南海是亚洲最有可能爆发武力冲突的地区之一。
"Beijing is worried that other claimants are becoming more active and any de facto occupation and/or exploration lend credence and bargaining power in future negotiation," said Jingdong Yuan, an expert on the South China Sea at the University of Sydney's Centre for International Security Studies.
南海问题专家、悉尼大学国际安全研究中心副教授袁敬东（音）表示：“北京感到十分担忧，因为那些声称对南海地区拥有主权的国家正变得愈发活跃，这些国家一旦实际占用该区域，或在该区域开采油气，就将在未来的谈判中占据优势。”
One of the latest Chinese warnings to India came Thursday in an article on the website of the People's Daily—the main Communist Party newspaper—which was written by its correspondents in Vietnam and India and was not published in the paper itself.
周四，由中国共产党发行的人民日报发表了一篇网站文章，对印度提出警告。这篇文章由人民日报驻越南记者执笔，纸质版报纸上未予发表。
"It's not worthwhile for Vietnam and India to damage the greater interests of the peace, stability and economic development between China and Vietnam, China and India, and in the whole region, for the sake of these small interests in the South China Sea," the article said.
文章称：“越南和印度若为追逐南海地区的蝇头小利而破坏中越、中印之间和平、稳定和经济发展的大局，实在是得不偿失。”
China's Foreign Ministry spokesman, Hong Lei, also repeated the Chinese government's claims to sovereignty over the area. "Any foreign company that engages in oil-exploration activity in waters under China's jurisdiction without the agreement of China has violated China's sovereignty, rights and interests," he said Thursday in a briefing. "This is illegal and invalid."
周四，中国外交部发言人洪磊在新闻发布会上重申了中国政府对这一地区拥有主权的立场：“在未经中国政府允许的情况下，任何外国公司在中国领海内进行石油勘探的行为都是对中国主权、权利和利益的侵犯。这种行为是违法的、无效的。”
Vishnu Prakash, spokesman for India's Ministry of External Affairs, played down the People's Daily article, as well as the incident with the Indian navy ship, and declined to comment on media reports that China had made an official diplomatic protest over ONGC's plans.
印度对外事务部发言人Vishnu Prakash则对人民日报发表文章一事以及印度军舰问题予以淡化，拒绝承认中国对印度石油天然气公司的计划提出过正式的外交抗议。
But he said India strongly believed in freedom of navigation in the South China Sea and would continue to explore in the area as part of a "quest for energy security."
Prakash表示，印度拥护南海的自由航行权，在这一地区开采油气是为了实现能源安全。
"We're engaged with China closely," he said. "And as we are closely cooperating with China, we're also closely cooperating with Vietnam."
“我们与中国联系紧密，印度和中国，印度和越南都有着密切的合作。”
India and China have been expanding economic ties in the past few years, but many Indian officials and experts harbor deep concerns about Beijing's growing military power and its expanding influence in neighboring countries, especially Pakistan.
过去几年，印度与中国的经济联系愈发紧密，但是印度官员与专家对中国日益增长的军事力量和中国对巴基斯坦等邻国越来越大的影响力表示十分担忧。
In response, India has been building closer defense and commercial ties with the U.S. and many of its regional allies and partners, including Vietnam, which Indian Foreign Minister S.M. Krishna visited last week.
为应对这一趋势，印度加强了与美国和与越南等地区伙伴间的军事和经济联系。上周，印度外长S.M.Krishna访问了越南。
ONGC's overseas arm, ONGC Videsh, accounts for much of India's investment in Vietnam.
印度对越南的投资大多来自印度石油天然气公司的海外分公司ONGC Videsh。
It operates one gas field—Block 06.1 in the Nam Con Son basin off Vietnam's south coast—in a joint venture with TNK-BP and PetroVietnam, which China has not protested over.
印度石油天然气公司Videsh分公司、秋明英国石油公司、越南石油公司在位于越南南海岸的南昆山盆地06.1区共同进行天然气的开采，中国未对这一活动表示反对。
ONGC Videsh also won a contact in 2006 to jointly explore with PetroVietnam in Blocks 127 and 128 in the Phu Khanh basin further north. China protested at the time that both blocks were in its waters, and maintains that position now, according to the People's Daily article.
2006年，印度石油天然气公司Videsh分公司与越南石油公司签订合同，共同负责富庆盆地最北段127和128区的开采。人民日报的文章表示，这两块区域均属中国领海，中国在合同签订之初即表示抗议，现在的立场仍然不变。
A spokesman for Vietnam's Foreign Ministry said Thursday that Blocks 127 and 128 were both in Vietnamese territorial waters. He declined further comment.
周四，越南外交部发言人表示，127区与128区均属越南领海，并拒绝就此事发表更多评论。
Vietnam launched a fresh round of licensing this year for blocks it says are not in contested waters. However, China has never specified the precise extent of its territorial claims.
今年，越南对一些新的区域发放开采许可证，并表示涉及地区不位于争议区域。但中国从未就其领海范围做出过清晰的说明。
A spokeswoman for ONGC Videsh said the company was only exploring now in Block 128, having relinquished 127, but declined to comment on whether it had future exploration plans with Vietnam.
印度石油天然气公司Videsh分公司女发言人表示，公司已放弃对127区的开采，目前仅对128区进行开采，该发言人拒绝透露未来公司否与越南有合作项目。
Another Indian company, Essar Group, has a production-sharing contract for a petroleum block off Vietnam's coast. An Essar spokesman said it was not in "controversial" waters and Essar did not plan to bid for further exploration rights from Vietnam.
另一家石油公司印度爱萨公司也与越南签订了合同，共同开采一块石油区域。爱萨公司发言人称，该区域不属于“争议海域”，公司没有向越南竞标新开采权的计划。
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