【华尔街20111014】中国靠的就是欺压致富

某程

【中文标题】中国：欺压致富

【原文标题】China: Bullying to Prosperity

【登载媒体】华尔街日报网络版

【来源地址】http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204774604576629200721570470.html

【译    者】某程

【翻译方式】人工

【声    明】欢迎转载，请务必注明译者和出处 bbs.m4.cn。

【译文】


China, the world's fastest growing major market, has the upper hand with U.S. business. Its array of protectionist barriers, weak rule of law, and siren-like market make events like this all but inevitable.
世界上最快经济增长的主要市场---中国在中美贸易中占上风。是因为中国有着大量的钻法律漏洞的贸易保护屏障和吸引人的市场导致诸如沃尔玛的事件几乎不可避免。

This state of play may also be one reason Congress is fulminating again over China's currency. The Senate this week passed a bill that could penalize China for keeping its currency artificially weak, which makes the country's products cheap in global markets.
事情的进展情况也许也是议会要抵制人民币汇率的原因之一。这周参议院通过了一项议案，它的目的在于惩罚人民币的低汇率调控，由于人民币的低汇率使得中国的产品在世界市场上的价格相当低廉。

Currency offers a simple focus that plays well with constituents. So currency has become a dangerous proxy for much else that's wrong with doing business in China.
由于货币是简单的经济工具，旨在协调各方面因素。所以与中国做贸易货币比起其他代替物要危险得多。

First, Wal-Mart:
In the company's stores in the city of Chongqing, nonorganic pork was labeled "organic." This was the mistake. The pork was otherwise fine.
首当其中的是沃尔玛：
在重庆的沃尔玛分店，非有机猪肉被贴上了“有机”标签。这就是这次事件的问题。猪肉的其他方面都很好。

Seizing on this error at a time when inflation is a hot-button issue in China, officials accused Wal-Mart of cheating the public by charging premium prices for regular meat. They fined the company, shut down all 13 Wal-Marts in the city and jailed a number of Wal-Mart employees. The actions played well in the national media.
政府在现在中国正处于通货膨胀热点时期抓住了这一点不放，起诉沃尔玛欺诈消费者溢价销售正常肉类。他们对公司处了罚金，关闭了重庆的13家分店，以及拘留了一些沃尔玛的员工。此次惩罚行为在全国媒体中赞美声不绝于口。


Chinafotopress/Zuma Press
A man reads a suspension notice on a Wal-Mart in Chongquing, China.
图为中国重庆：一位男子正在沃尔玛店前阅读调查公告。


There's little if any recourse in authoritarian China when something like this happens to a U.S. company. There aren't regular courts. Like many other U.S. firms that have run afoul of nationalist sentiments in China, Wal-Mart could only beg forgiveness. It has nearly 350 stores in China with revenue of $7.5 billion.
在中国如果发生了此类针对美国公司的事件，是很少得到救助的。没有正规的开庭。在中国沃尔玛像其他类似的许多美国公司一样，发生了这样的与中国民族情感相抵触的事情，只有认罪请求被谅解。中国合计共有将近350家沃尔玛分店，税收达至75亿。

So Wal-Mart dropped to its knees.
所以沃尔玛只有屈服了。

The company apologized, issued a statement declaring "the rights of consumers were infringed," and said it accepted the 15-day forced closure of its stores as an opportunity "to focus on implementing corrective actions."
沃尔玛道歉了，发布了声明承认“消费者的权益被侵犯了”，以及接受了15天的停业关门整修致力于“下次不再有此类事件发生。"

In a phone interview, a Wal-Mart regional executive in Hong Kong was similarly obsequious—and circumspect, lest he ruffle feathers in Chongqing. Pressed, he said there were past issues with the stores, but declined to elaborate. Chinese officials said the issues entailed numerous violations, including fraudulent advertising and selling expired food.
在一次电话采访中，香港地区的沃尔玛主管人员也如此顺从和谨慎，唯恐他使重庆官方发怒。受到此类压力，他说，沃尔玛超市过去就有些问题，但是是些什么问题，他拒绝回答。中国官方宣称那些问题有欺诈性广告，和销售过期食物，都是应受到惩罚的。

An American executive in Beijing who watches these matters says the Wal-Mart saga is less about substance and more about the bigger problems U.S. business has with China. "You walk into any Chinese supermarket and can find things sold past their expiration date," he says. "Wal-Mart has done more to secure the safety of the food supply." Borrowing an old Chinese saying, he adds, "It's just an extraordinary example of killing the chicken to scare the monkeys," with the food industry the chicken, and the rest of foreign business the monkeys. The message to companies: Know your place and pay obeisance.
在北京的一家美国公司主管人员在了解了沃尔玛事件后说道，沃尔玛问题的实质上是有关中美之间贸易问题。“当你走进任何一家中国超市你都可以发现在卖过了保质期的食物，沃尔玛在食品供应安全问题上已经做得足够多了。借用一句中国的古话，这是杀鸡给猴看，食品企业是鸡，剩下的外国公司就是猴了。传达给外国公司的讯息就是：知道你自己的位置，不要太放肆。”

That strong arm is evident in other venues. For two years U.S. companies have been fighting new government procurement rules that give preference to Chinese products. Beijing finally abandoned the rules this year, but apparently not the preference.
在别的领域高压手段也很明显。在过去的两年里，美国公司都在抵触新的政府采购条例，条例规定，对于中国产品优先选择。今年中央政府最终废除了这项条例，但是很明显实践中中国企业仍具有优先性。

"What's really concerning companies is that there's not a discernible change in the provinces and local governments on this whole question," says John Neuffer of the Information Technology Industry Council, a trade group. An executive with a U.S. technology company adds: "China uses a whole host of rules to steer procurement to favored companies." If it's not outright discrimination against foreign firms, he says, it's technical standards that "make it difficult for a foreign company to make a bid."
美国贸易团中咨询科技公司理事会的主管人员John Neuffer说道，“在采购中，真正让外国公司担忧的是在地方和当地政府采购中的准则难以判断。中国利用一系列的规则让自己偏好的公司中标。如果这不是对外国公司的完全歧视，那就是技术上的标准使得外国公司很难竞标成功。”




图为2010年美国、中国、日本、巴西、印度和英国在零售业市场的对比。数字单位是十亿。

The rules are part of a broader industrial policy to promote "indigenous innovation" in China, or innovation that China owns. It's with this goal in mind that China virtually requires many foreign industrial and technology companies entering the market to form a joint venture with a state-owned firm and to transfer technology to China. Hungry for sales, U.S. companies have piled in, handing over top-of-the-line technology in aviation, autos, electronics, energy and more.
这些规则都是致力于提升“本土创新”中国或者中国拥有创新的主要产业政策的一部分。朝着“本土创新”这个目标，中国就需要许多外国工业和科技公司与国有公司以合资的形式进驻市场，才能够把技术带进中国。急于扩大市场的美国公司，把许多在航天领域、汽车领域、电子领域、能源领域等其他领域先进的技术都带到了中国。

"This technology toll booth is troublesome; a large number of the companies I talk to have this concern," says Bob Hormats, the State Department's top economic official. U.S. firms, he says, "have to pay the high price of giving up very good technology" that Chinese companies then use to compete in global markets. "It weakens our economic base, our ability to create jobs and the profitability of our companies."
美国国务院高层经济官员Bob Hormats说道，“这些技术收费所很麻烦，我有交流的许多公司都担忧此事。他们都不得不为放弃很多高级的技术支付高额的代价，因为中国公司之后会用这些技术在国际市场中竞争。这削弱了我们的经济基础，我们创造工作和公司盈利的能力。”


The list of sticky problems goes on—new taxes in China on foreign employers, more subsidies for domestic industries, continued theft of intellectual property. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce, which represents U.S. companies, this month issued its annual list of concerns about business practices in China. It runs more than 100 pages, single spaced.
一系列粘手的问题接踵而至—中国外国雇员的新个人所得税政策，本地企业的更多补贴，和持续的知识产权剽窃。代表美国的美国商会，这个月出版了每年定期的中国贸易实践问题案例。仅单倍行距排版就超过了100多页。

Notably, the same U.S. companies in China that previously went to Washington to lobby for normalized trade ties with Beijing now often go to gripe. China has thus lost many of its chief advocates.
令人注意的是，一些在中国的美国公司之前到华盛顿去游说要求实现中美贸易正常化现在也在抱怨此类事件。因此中国失去了很多他的主要支持者。

Perhaps for this reason, and because of broader frustrations, the Senate mustered the votes to pass its currency-manipulation bill this week. The bill, if passed by the House, risks igniting a trade war with China. It's at minimum a provocation.
也许是由于这种原因，和进一步失望，参议院本周通过了人民币汇率法案。这项法案如果被议院通过的话，有可能与中国的贸易摩擦加大。这是最小化的挑衅。

But for those who have tired of watching the beatings in China's many Chongqings, maybe that just no longer matters.
但是对于那些已经对中国发生此类重庆问题已经厌烦的人来说，也许这些都不是问题。




一些推荐度高的网友评论：

It's so easy for you to jump into a conclusion that people will definitely like. Why don't you mention the case that the US forbid a Chinese firm to buy 3Leaf? Why don't you mention numerous cases in which Chinese are sentenced to life in prison by Chinese authorities in food-safety crack-downs? I guess the fact that Walmart is subject to Chinese jurisdiction just runs against your nationalistic pride. Is that right? You want the extraterritoriality that exonerates the soldiers that raped Korean or Japanese, don't you？

你得出人们都会赞同你的结论这么简单。为什么你不提美国禁止中国公司买三叶草公司的事呢？为什么你不提中国政府把一大堆销售有毒食品的中国人判了有期徒刑关进了监狱呢？我猜真相是沃尔玛屈服于中国司法之下有损于你的民族自豪感。这对吗？你想要法外治权，比如强奸韩国和日本的美国士兵你都想让他们无罪，是吗？

What if Walmart cheats its US customers by mislabeling products? The police are gonna to kick its door down and open fire if they resist arrest.

Nah, Americans are honest people. They don't cheat each other. Only Chinese do ... So it should be ok for American Walmart to cheat Chinese peasants, who ain't worth nothing.

倘若这次沃尔玛事件发生的是在美国会怎么样？美国警察会关闭店门和当场枪毙那些抵抗逮捕的人。

哦不，美国人是诚实的人。他们不会相互欺诈。只有中国人才这样。。所以美国沃尔玛欺诈中国农民就对了，他们命若草芥。

I wonder if there is any code of ethical conduct on media industry when come to publishing article and news to the public. Lately I have discover that the Wall Street Journal seems like a anti-Chinese media or a tool used by US government to sabotage a country growth or reputation just simply by publishing a story based on surface level of observation or any country which either stands against the US in area of economy, and politic. Don't get me wrong, China is not perfect, in fact some of the bashing could actually in favor of China in one way. But I still feel there is urgent need that the world government should establish a law of conduct to govern and to regulate self-fulfill political agenda news. Maybe, they can be a law suit action taken upon the writer or the supervisor of the author. Because it is simply unfair and ridiculous that country which is not consider by the US government as the so-called "allies" will subject to the daily news attack, which I see no different than cyber-attack and espionage, well, cheating you can say. Because biased and unjustifiable story with owns agenda can cause misunderstanding, and hatred, and eventually conflict on countries. This is perhaps, major of the US media (i.e. WSJ in this case), become a pioneer in this area. It make no different to the tactic used by the terrorist, because the ultimate goal is to destroy one country community and human. Same like 911 ultimately.

我在想当新闻媒体发布消息的时候是不是有行业准则，最近我发现华尔街日报就像被美国政府利用的反中国的媒体或者说工具，旨在只依靠基于表面肤浅的观察编造故事破坏别的国家发展或者名声，就因为这些国家不是有损于美国的政治利益或者经济利益。别误解我的意思，虽然中国不是完美的，事实上一些破坏中国的报道能够从某些角度成为赞美中国的报道。但是我仍觉得世界上的政府能够出台法规规范政治性的新闻。也许法律是针对作者和作者单位。因为看见每天的头条都是政府的同盟是不公平和可笑的。这不亚于网络攻击。也称得上是欺骗。因为带着某人偏见和不公正的故事会导致误解和仇恨最终是国家间的冲突。这也许是美国媒体成为这方面的主要媒体。（例如华尔街日报）这跟恐怖分子的策略没有什么两样，因为最终目标就是毁灭国家社会和人类。实际上像911一样。

The reporter should first find the right word. The use of "bullying" simply makes this article ridiculous. This writer must stay in the elementary school too long.

这个记者应该首先找到正确的词语。用“欺压”这个词使得文章根本就是搞笑。这个记者肯定在小学呆得时间太长了。

With articles like this, I have to say WSJ is fast descending to FoxNews level since taken over by Murdoch. I will definitely cancel my subscription when my renewal comes up next month.

由于像这样的文章，我必须说华尔街日报的下降水平也太快了，一下就到了默多克接管后的福克斯日报水平。我肯定会取消我下个月对此日报的订阅。

What goes around comes around ! US bullied latin american & third world countries using its global forums like WTO, World Bank, IMF, to bribing their law makers, and even UNSC to overthrow them, bomb them to obliteration, all what you call 'bullying to prosperity'. Never to forget the fact that Americans stole German patents which gave it a huge head-start. Before 1930s, by which time US had almost reached its zenith, free trade was forcibly opposed. Now, after you got a huge head-start and your bellies are filled up, you are frenzied lovers of freedom, don't you ?
Now, you cry foul when it comes to your skin ?
I am not justifying China's actions. Who am I to, or what difference does it make ? All I am doing is cheering ! Go China Go ! The world, excepting the old & barbarian west, is behind you ! I don't say that China can't be barbarian by itself. But, we world citizens are fed up with unipolar world and the American dictatorship !

Go China Go !

（一印度人的评论）
恶有恶报！美国用世界贸易组织、世界银行、国际货币基金等组织欺压拉丁美洲和第三世界国家。贿赂他们的法律制定者，甚至是联合国安理会去推翻他们，放炸弹，都是你宣称得欺压致富。不要忘记美国人偷窃德国的专利才使得美国这么强盛。在20世纪30年代之前，美国几乎达到他的顶峰，却反对自由贸易。现在在你得到顶峰权力宝座之后，你吃饱了，你就是自由的狂热爱好者了。难道不是吗？
现在你却在同样的事发生自己头上而大喊大叫。我不是想证明中国做得对，我即使做了又能怎么样。我在做的是喝彩！中国加油！整个世界都在期待老的西方殖民食肉者落后于你！我不是说中国要当食肉者。但是我们这些世界公民都被单级和独裁势力的美国烦透了！

中国加油，加油！

插队在德国

恶有恶报！美国用世界贸易组织、世界银行、国际货币基金等组织欺压拉丁美洲和第三世界国家。贿赂他们的法律制定者，甚至是联合国安理会去推翻他们，放炸弹，都是你宣称得欺压致富。不要忘记美国人偷窃德国的专利才使得美国这么强盛。在20世纪30年代之前，美国几乎达到他的顶峰，却反对自由贸易。现在在你得到顶峰权力宝座之后，你吃饱了，你就是自由的狂热爱好者了。难道不是吗？
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这脸打得，都快打出血了……

iskateli

我看中国已经够崇洋媚外了，居然仍有人不满意。

jm_zxy

美国确实是个‘民主，自由’的国家，不过，在美国的心中，‘民主，自由’就像尿壶，需要的时侯拿出来用下，不需要的时侯就踢到角落里了。

ckeq

jm_zxy 发表于 2011-10-15 18:53
美国确实是个‘民主，自由’的国家，不过，在美国的心中，‘民主，自由’就像尿壶，需要的时侯拿出来用下， ...

sei_explorer

郎教授来评论这个比较合适

紫玉炎华01

看来美国也有小学没毕业的说法！{:soso_e151:}

敬扬

不良霉体

滔滔1949

因为那些美国读者都说到这份上了，搞的俺反倒不知该说些啥才好了……{:soso_e127:}

allplacnn

我已取消它的訂閱,因為每條关於中囯新聞都是負面,內容結論都指向負面

lilyma06

评论选的很好。楼主翻译两篇关于沃尔玛的文章了，看看大家还有什么看法没？

红色的血

在北京的一家美国公司主管人员在了解了沃尔玛事件后说道，沃尔玛问题的实质上是有关中美之间贸易问题。“当你走进任何一家中国超市你都可以发现在卖过了保质期的食物，沃尔玛在食品供应安全问题上已经做得足够多了。借用一句中国的古话，这是杀鸡给猴看，食品企业是鸡，剩下的外国公司就是猴了。传达给外国公司的讯息就是：知道你自己的位置，不要太放肆。”

意思是我虽然违法了但是没有错，只是你过意针对我，因为别人也卖马。这就是跨国企业的质量了？

silenthowl

沃尔玛这下会不会觉得WSJ是猪一样的队友？{:soso__8221042850520949458_4:}