【纽约时报111020】卡扎菲在利比亚武装攻占苏尔特过程中被击毙

lilyma06

【中文标题】卡扎菲在利比亚武装攻占苏尔特过程中被击毙

【原文标题】Violent End to an Era as Qaddafi Dies in Libya

【登载媒体】纽约时报

【来源地址】http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/21/world/africa/qaddafi-is-killed-as-libyan-forces-take-surt.html?_r=2

【译者】王钟的

【翻译方式】人工

【声    明】欢迎转载，请务必注明译者和出处 bbs.m4.cn。

【译    文】

（发自利比亚米苏拉塔）卡扎菲上校在周四结束了自己的一生，那一刻充满暴力血腥。
在互联网上广为流传的手机视频中，这位利比亚前领导人瘫倒在汽车引擎盖上，并被一群疯狂的民众围观，似乎在哀求宽恕的样子。接着画面转到一群战士在地上扯着他头发的情景。鲜血止不住地从他头上流下，沾透了他的金褐色卡其布衣服。人民呐喊着：“真主万能！”
之后卡扎菲的尸体在照片上展示，很明显子弹爆开了他的头。据专家分析射程非常近，这种现象增强了他死在反卡扎菲武装手下的可能性。
利比亚新任领导者的官方版本则声明：卡扎菲死于交火之中——这与网上流传一天的照片与视频不相吻合。这让人产生一个疑问：政府对境内武装的控制被分解为不同的地区和部门。
卡扎菲死因的不同版本显示了利比亚在他下台后的不稳定局面。后者统治了这个国家长达42年，同时也是在阿拉伯之春革命中第一个被处死的独裁者。
在卡扎菲的故乡苏尔特这一最后堡垒，长达八个月的激战在最近几个星期达到了血腥的高潮。北约武装和利比亚军队紧密监视，以避免他和他的支持者逃往安全庇护。一名对北约在利比亚行动知情的西方高级官员称，黎明后不久，他们果真这么做了，放弃了这座地中海城市的掩体并向西撤退。
大约在当地时间的早上八点半，一组车队悄然退出苏尔特的重围。在利比亚内战最血腥和最漫长的战斗中，胜利的天平倾向了卡扎菲上校的反对者。
北约官员声称，车队行驶了不到两英里就被美国“捕食者”无人机和法国战机发现。战机发动攻击后，“车队试图逃离苏尔特的企图被制止，不过未被摧毁”，法国国防部长热拉尔•隆盖表示。
一名西方官员表示，车队只有两辆车被击中，卡扎菲没有坐在任何一辆车上。不过车队余下部分被迫分散躲避。反卡扎菲的战士迅速在视野中分开，告诉路透社他们看到敌人从附近的树林中逃跑，并开展了追击。
苏尔特的自称Mohammed al-Laith的地面指挥官向半岛电视台表示，卡扎菲上校在车队一俩吉普车中逃跑，潜进附近的大型下水道。可是他被自己的保镖用枪指着出来了。Laith告诉半岛电视台，这位利比亚前领导人一手提着卡拉什尼科夫自动步枪，一手握着手枪。
“到底怎么回事？”他出来的时候自言自语。
半岛电视台的视频显示卡扎菲上校虽然受伤了，但是明显还活着。网上流传一位士兵说卡扎菲乞求帮助。“手下留情”，他带着哭腔说道。视频里面则几乎没有显示这些情况。
一位21岁的米苏拉塔士兵Omran Shaaban声称自己和一位朋友是最先发现卡扎菲上校的。他说卡扎菲当时已经头部和胸部受伤，在下水道里流淌鲜血，然后被一辆救护车接走。Shaaban觉得他到底是怎么死的成了一个谜。
不管如何，他后来被人用一辆救护车带到了米苏拉塔——在反卡扎菲战争中最激烈的前沿阵地——那里的战士们还沉浸在占领此地的欢庆情绪中。
工作在苏尔特的自由摄影师Holly Pickett在推特上报道，她目睹了卡扎菲被救护车送往米苏拉塔，车上还有十名士兵。从她发布的消息中并不清楚卡扎菲此时是否死亡：“从边门看，可以看到胸部的枪伤和鲜血淋漓的头。他穿着金色长裤。”
卡扎菲死讯传出一个小时之内，利比亚人都开始庆祝了。“我们为了这一刻等了太久”，利比亚过渡委员会总理贾布里勒在的黎波里的记者招待会上发表声明：“穆阿迈尔•卡扎菲死了。过渡委员会首席发言人沙姆马姆称之为“真正解放的日子来了。我们本来认真打算给他一个公正的审判。不过似乎真主有个不同的想法。”
利比亚官员表示，卡扎菲最后一个有威胁的儿子Muatassim也在周四被击毙。目前尚不清楚他另外的一个儿子Seif al-Islam就是被捕还是受伤。
MISURATA, Libya — Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi’s last moments Thursday were as violent as the uprising that overthrew him.
In a cellphone video that went viral on the Internet, the deposed Libyan leader is seen splayed on the hood of a truck and then stumbling amid a frenzied crowd, seemingly begging for mercy. He is next seen on the ground, with fighters grabbing his hair. Blood pours down his head, drenching his golden brown khakis, as the crowd shouts, “God is great!”
Colonel Qaddafi’s body was shown in later photographs, with bullet holes apparently fired into his head at what forensic experts said was close range, raising the possibility that he was executed by anti-Qaddafi fighters.
The official version of events offered by Libya’s new leaders — that Colonel Qaddafi was killed in a cross-fire — did not appear to be supported by the photographs and videos that streamed over the Internet all day long, raising questions about the government’s control of the militias in a country that has been divided into competing regions and factions.
The conflicting accounts about how he was killed seemed to reflect an instability that could trouble Libya long after the euphoria fades about the demise of Colonel Qaddafi, who ruled Libya for nearly 42 years and is the first of the autocrats to be killed in the Arab Spring uprisings.
At the same time, the flood of good news for the former rebels prompted a collective sigh of relief and quieted talk of rivalries, as strangers congratulated one another in the streets.
For weeks, as the fight for Surt, Colonel Qaddafi’s hometown and final redoubt in the eight-month conflict, reached a bloody climax, NATO forces and Libyan fighters had watched for an attempt by his armed loyalists to flee and seek safety elsewhere. Soon after dawn, they did, leaving urban bunkers in the Mediterranean town and heading west, said a senior Western official in Europe knowledgeable about NATO’s operations in Libya.
Around 8:30 a.m. local time, a convoy slipped out of a fortified compound in Surt, the scene of one of the civil war’s bloodiest and longest battles and a city that was on the verge of falling to Colonel Qaddafi’s opponents.
Before the convoy had traveled two miles, NATO officials said, it was set upon by an American Predator drone and a French warplane. With the attack the convoy “was stopped from progressing as it sought to flee Surt but was not destroyed,” Defense Minister Gérard Longuet of France said.
Only two vehicles in the convoy were hit, neither carrying Colonel Qaddafi, a Western official said. But the rest of the convoy was forced to detour and scatter. Anti-Qaddafi fighters rapidly descended on the scene, telling Reuters they saw people fleeing through some nearby woods and gave pursuit.
A field leader in Surt, who gave his name to Al Jazeera television as Mohammed al-Laith, said that Colonel Qaddafi fled from a Jeep in the convoy and dived into a large drainage pipe. After a gun battle backed by his guards, he emerged. Mr. Laith told Al Jazeera that the former Libyan leader had a Kalashnikov in one hand, a pistol in the other.
“What’s happening?” he quoted him as asking as he came out.
The video on Al Jazeera shows Colonel Qaddafi wounded, but clearly alive. The network quoted a fighter saying that he had begged for help. “Show me mercy!” he was said to have cried. There was little of that, in the video at least.
One fighter is seen pulling his hair, and others beat his limp body. Two fighters interviewed by Al Jazeera said someone had struck his head with a gun butt.
Omran Shaaban, 21, a Misurata fighter who claimed to have been the first, along with a friend, to find Colonel Qaddafi, said he was already wounded in the head and chest and bleeding in the drainage pipe and then whisked away to an ambulance. Precisely how he died after that, Mr. Shaaban said, was unclear.
By all accounts, he was then taken in an ambulance to Misurata, a coastal town to the west that fought perhaps the most ferocious battle against Colonel Qaddafi’s government and whose fighters still celebrate their reputation for martial prowess.
Holly Pickett, a freelance photojournalist working in Surt, reported in a Twitter feed that she had seen Colonel Qaddafi’s body in an ambulance headed for Misurata, along with 10 fighters inside with him. It was unclear from her posts whether he was dead. “From the side door, I could see a bare chest with bullet wound and a bloody hand. He was wearing gold-colored pants,” she said in one post.
Within an hour of the news of Colonel Qaddafi’s death, Libyans were celebrating. “We have been waiting for this moment for a long time,” Mahmoud Jibril, the prime minister of the Transitional National Council, the interim government, said. “Muammar Qaddafi is dead.” He was speaking at a news conference in Tripoli. Mahmoud Shammam, the council’s chief spokesman, called it “the day of real liberation. We were serious about giving him a fair trial.  It seems God has some other wish."
At least one of Colonel Qaddafi’s feared sons, Muatassim, was also killed on Thursday, Libyan officials said, and there were unconfirmed reports that another, Seif al-Islam, had been captured or wounded.
The Arab Twittersphere lighted up with gleeful comments, many of them hinting at a similar fate awaiting other Arab dictators who have sought to crush popular uprisings — most notably President Ali Abdullah Saleh of Yemen and President Bashar al-Assad of Syria. One of them, also referring to former President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali of Tunisia and former President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt, read: “Ben Ali escaped, Mubarak is in jail, Qaddafi was killed. Which fate do you prefer, Ali Abdullah Saleh? You can consult with Bashar.” Another was more direct: “Bashar al-Assad, how do you feel today?”
No videos or photos appeared to show Colonel Qaddafi alive after the ambulance spirited him away from Surt, though there was a debate over who exactly was responsible for his death. NATO never claimed the airstrike killed him, and some officials of the Transitional National Council made clear he died at their own hands.
A reporter accompanying Ali Tarhouni, the interim government’s oil and finance minister, who visited Misurata to view the body, saw Colonel Qaddafi splayed out on a mattress in the reception room of a private home, shirtless, with bullet wounds in the chest and temple and blood on his arms and hair. Three medical officials arrived, presumably to conduct more forensic tests. News agencies quoted a spokesman for the council in Benghazi as saying a doctor had examined Colonel Qaddafi’s corpse in Misurata and found he had been shot in the head and abdomen. The shot to the head was visible in photos that followed.
A remarkable feature of the Arab revolts is the degree to which almost every incident is documented, usually by cellphone camera images. They are almost instantly fed to the Internet and satellite channels, or ferried by e-mail.
A flurry of images followed Colonel Qaddafi’s death. In one, broadcast by Al Jazeera, his body is half-naked, bleeding on the pavement. Even more dramatic is a video posted on YouTube. Celebrating fighters surround his corpse, which appears to have been washed. Clearly visible is a gunshot wound to his forehead.
A forensic pathologist in New York, Dr. Michael Baden, said in observing the photos that there were as many as two bullet wounds and possibly four in Colonel Qaddafi’s head. From what he saw, he believed the shots were fired at fairly close range.
“It looks more like an execution than something that happened during a struggle,” said Dr. Baden, a former New York City medical examiner. “Two pretty identical-looking wounds like that would have been hard to do from a distance.”
Late into the night, Libyans celebrated Colonel Qaddafi’s death, as did some elsewhere in the Arab world, seeing it as a lesson to autocrats in Yemen and Syria. “It is a historic moment,” said Abdel Hafez Ghoga, a spokesman for the Transitional National Council. “It is the end of tyranny and dictatorship. Qaddafi has met his fate."
Western leaders who helped the anti-Qaddafi fighters throughout the conflict also hailed Colonel Qaddafi’s demise.
“We can definitely say that the Qaddafi regime has come to an end,” President Obama said. “The dark shadow of tyranny has been lifted, and with this enormous promise the Libyan people now have a great responsibility to build an inclusive and tolerant and democratic Libya that stands as the ultimate rebuke to Qaddafi’s dictatorship.”
But occasionally voiced in the Middle East was unease at the violence of the moment, the fact that a bloody revolution ended with yet more bloodshed. “It’s not acceptable to kill a person without trying him,” said Louay Hussein, a Syrian opposition figure in Damascus. “I prefer to see the tyrant behind bars.”

网友评论：
【译者】：lilyma06

HIGHLIGHT (What's this?)
Todd
Atlanta
October 20th, 2011
8:58 am
A year ago who would have imagined? Congratulations to the Libyan people. Vindication for Obama and NATO. Leading from behind? More like real, intelligent leadership.
一年前谁能想到这种情况？恭喜利比亚人民。这证明奥巴马和北约是无罪的。更说明有智慧的领导才是有用的。

HIGHLIGHT (What's this?)
Darth Maciek
Belgium
October 20th, 2011
9:00 am
Gadhafi dead! At that moment my thoughts go to:
- people dead in bombings of planes, which he ordered (Lockerbie and Tenere)
- Yvonne Joyce Fletcher, British policewoman, murdered by thugs from Libyan embassy in London in 1984
- sergeants Ford and Goins from US Army, as well as Ms Nermin Hannay, a Turkish girl, killed in the bombing of "La Belle" club in West Berlin by Libyan agents
- all people who died in IRA and INLA bombings with explosives offered by Gadhafi
- all people who died in Tchad wars from 1970 to 1990, due to permanent meddling of Libya and even a regular Libyan invasion and occupation
- all victims of internal terror in Libya
May their families find some closure and comfort in the fact that the mad tyrant who murdered their beloved ones has finally fallen!
卡扎菲死了！这一刻我想到的是：
人民在他命令下的飞机轰炸中死亡（洛克比）；一名英国女警察Yvonne Joyce Fletcher在1984年在驻伦敦利比亚使馆被杀；福特中士和美军Goins，以及一名土耳其女孩Nermin Hannay都被利比亚特工在西柏林的"La Belle"俱乐部被害；所有死于卡扎菲支持的爱尔兰共和军和解放军爆炸中的人；从1970到1990年由于利比亚干预入侵乍得，所有死于乍得战争的人们；所有在利比亚的内部恐怖主义遇难者。
愿他们的家人知道这个独裁者终于被杀的事实能够给他们一些安慰。

HIGHLIGHT (What's this?)
Dr. Brownstein
LA
October 20th, 2011
9:18 am
Khadify could have been captured and tried - we are supposed to support the rule of law in this country. Instead we have this shocking thuggish murder for profit.
I dearly hope NYT will do their own serious investigation of this stain on America's moral authority and stop repeating simple minded Obama propaganda.
This is a defining moment for the new editor and her seriousness about wanting to do quality reporting - it's also a chance to redeem the NYT for blinding going along with the illegal invasion of Iraq. I submit to you that our violent take over of Libya for pure profit and stupid cover story that if we didn't Khadify might hurt someone in the future is an event which by far outweighs anything Bush/Cheney did. When people have time to digest this scope of this I think all will come to regret this unprecedented deadly misconduct. Obama should be arrested for first degree murder. Motive? Profit.
在这个国家我们支持法律法规，卡扎菲可以被捕被判，而我们却用这种谋财害命的方式换取利益。我希望《纽约时报》能够严肃调查这项美国道义上面的污点，停止反复宣传奥巴马简单的思想了。
这对于新编辑来说是做有质量报道的决定性时刻，对于《纽约时报》也是一次很好的机会来赎回非法入侵伊拉克的报道。我认为如果卡扎菲在为了不会伤害到任何人，我们暴力占领利比亚仅是为了单纯的利益，而也是被布什任意夸大的事实了。如果人们能够按照这种思路理解，我觉得所有人都会为这种错误行为感到后悔的。奥巴马作为头号杀人凶手应当被捕。
所以说杀人的动力是什么？利益！

HIGHLIGHT (What's this?)
Dave
Brooklyn, NY
October 20th, 2011
10:52 am
as much as I am loathe to say it, this may be the beginning of a new model for international policing by the US and other global military powers. NATO was able to extend it's military influence without putting it's soldiers at risk, and were (at least ostensibly) able to directly support an indigenous insurgency against a man who was clearly unfit for (and uninterested in) democratic governance. I am glad to see Qaddafi go, but also wish that his life had been spared and he had been put on trial.
不得不说，这可能是美国和其他全球军事力量下国家政策模式的新开端。北约能把自身的影响不用牺牲任何士兵就扩展到任何地方，（至少在表面上）反对一个明显不适合民主管理的人来支持本土骚乱。我很高兴看到卡扎菲离去了，但更愿意看到他能被宽恕，得到审判。
But then again...I am not Libyan. As much as I would like to extend my own principles and morality, I know that a country must be run by it's people. If this is what this Libyan people wanted, who am I, a smug American, to say otherwise? I would not wish death on anyone--I believe justice is achieved only in more merciful ways--but this is their country.
然而我不是利比亚人。我只能表达自己的原则和道德感，我知道一个国家必须由他的人民管理。如果这是利比亚人民想要的，我作为一个自以为是的美国人又能说什么呢？我部希望任何人死，我觉得只有通过更宽容的方式才能得到公平正义——然而这就是他们的国家
And anyone--commenter #26, Haider Ali--who thinks Qaddafi was good for anyone as a rule, remember: Libya has not had a civil or government institution for years, beyond the Oil Ministry and the military. Qaddafi padded his pockets with the natural resources of Libya, brutally silenced dissent, sponsored murder the world over, and was, frankly, a complete and utter lunatic. If you disagree, first study some history, then read his "Green Book." The man was crazy, plain and simple, and Libya (and the world) are better off without him in power.
卡扎菲用利比亚的自然资源填充自己的口袋，残忍地打击不满的声音，全世界支持谋杀。看他的“绿皮书”上写着，这个人是个疯子，朴素而又简单，利比亚（乃至全世界）没他更好。

HIGHLIGHT (What's this?)
Anon
NY
October 20th, 2011
10:54 am
Obama is a smart leader with sensible policies that are achieving tangible foreign policy results. The war in Afghanistan is his albatross, but nobody can question his strength as Commander in Chief. He has been strong, decisive and has delivered results in the nuanced way expected of a 21st Century leader.
Zero US casualties, lasting friendship from the Libyan people (who feel they own their revolution) and a $1.1 billion price tag (that's less than 3 days of Iraq operations at its peak run rate). By the end of the week, Republicans will have found a way to make this UNITED AMERICAN and NATO success turn into a negative against Obama.
奥巴马是个聪明的领导者，他的外交结果取得了成效。阿富汗战争是他的沉重负担，但没人能质疑他作为总司令的力量。他强劲而又决策力。
利比亚解放战争中美国军人0伤亡，110亿美元价格标签。这周末共和党人会找到一个方式将美利坚合众国和北约的胜利转为对奥巴马的反对力量。

HIGHLIGHT (What's this?)
Ashlyn
Columbus, OH
October 20th, 2011
12:31 pm
Nice work by the Obama administration. Saving people from massacre at the hands of a dictator, but without taking the brunt of the military or financial burden. Libya's dictator was removed from power and killed, but not by American soldiers, so we are not morally obligated to rebuild Libyan society or infrastructure. People in the Middle East can have another positive example of government change without feeling like victims of "American imperialism." A textbook example of what "limited intervention" and "fostering democracy" should look like. Brilliant job.
奥巴马政府做得好。把人民从一个独裁者的手中解救出来，但却没承受军事或金融负担打击。利比亚独裁者不是被美国军人推翻杀死的，所以我们对利比亚重建社会没有道义上的责任。中东的人们政府换届就不是“美国帝国主义”受害者的很好例子。这就是“有限的干预”和“培育民主”教科书中最好的例子。干的不错。