【路透社111031】中国计划明年实施载人对接任务

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【中文标题】中国计划明年实施载人对接任务

【原文标题】China plans 2012 manned space flight after docking test

【登载媒体】路透社

【来源地址】http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/10/31/us-china-space-idUSTRE79P14Y20111031

【译    者】 WilliamRUC

【翻译方式】   人工

【声    明】 欢迎转载，请务必注明译者和出处 bbs.m4.cn。

【译    文】

(Reuters) - China will launch up to two manned space missions in 2012 as it hones the skills needed to secure a long-term manned presence in outer space, an official spokeswoman said on Monday, on the eve of the launch of an unmanned spacecraft.
The spokeswoman for China's space program, Wu Ping, said a rocket will lift the unmanned Shenzhou 8 spacecraft into orbit from northwest China on Tuesday at 0558 a.m. local time (5:58 p.m. EDT), preparing the way for the spacecraft to dock with the Tiangong 1, an experimental module launched on September 29.
The rendezvous and docking exercises between the two vessels are part of China's effort to develop the technological and logistical skills needed to run a full space lab that could house astronauts for long stretches.
（路透社）中国计划在2012年实施两项载人空间任务，以此锻炼在太空长期人员驻守的能力。一位官方的女发言人周一表示，次日中国将发射无人试验飞船。
　　中国载人航天工程新闻发言人吴平表示，火箭将携带神舟八号无人飞船从西北地区发射，在当地时间5:28进入轨道，为与天宫一号对接做准备，后者是9月29日发射的试验空间站。
　　两艘飞行器的交会对接试验体现了中国为发展完整由宇航员长期驻守的太空实验室在技术上做出的准备。

The next step, planned for 2012, will entail similar exercises with at least one mission carrying astronauts onboard, Wu told a news conference at the launch site in the Gobi Desert, according to a transcript on an official news website (www.china.com.cn).
"Next year, we will carry out the Shenzhou 9 and 10 flight missions, and they will also carry out rendezvous and docking tests with the Tiangong 1," said Wu.
"According to the mission plans, at least one of the two flights next year will be manned," she added.
Beijing is still far from catching up with the established space superpowers: the United States and Russia. The Tiangong 1 is a trial module; not the building block of a space station.
Russia, the United States and other countries jointly operate the International Space Station, to which China does not belong. But the United States will not test a new rocket to take people into space until 2017, and Russia has said manned missions are no longer a priority for its space program, which has struggled with delays and glitches.
　　2012年计划的下一步则至少包括了一名宇航员的载人飞行。吴平在新闻发布会上宣布发射地点选择戈壁沙漠，据中国网报道。
　　吴平表示：“明年，我们将发射神舟九号和神舟十号飞船，它们也会与天宫一号开展交会对接试验”
　　“根据任务计划，两次飞行中至少有一次会是载人飞行”，她补充道。
　　北京距离赶上发达的航天力量——美国和俄罗斯——仍有许多路要走。天宫一号是一个试验舱，并不是完整的空间站。
　　俄罗斯、美国与其他国家共同运营国际空间站，中国并不属于其中。但是美国在2017年之前不会测试用于载人飞行的火箭，而俄罗斯表示载人飞行不再是发展航天项目的首选。俄罗斯的载人飞行常常发生延误和故障。

China's impending unmanned tests will help determine whether a modified version of the Shenzhou spacecraft "is suited to the needs of manned space travel," said Wu
Bringing together craft in the vastness of space is one of the key skills needed for an advanced aeronautic program that includes a space station. Collisions can be costly, even fatal.
"It is quite difficult and risky to join together two vehicles traveling at high speeds in orbit, with a margin of error of no more than 20 centimeters," Wu said.
China launched its second moon orbiter last year after it became only the third country to send its astronauts walking in space outside their orbiting craft in 2008.
Wu said crew members have been selected for the possible space missions next year, including two female astronauts.
Beijing also plans an unmanned moon landing and deployment of a moon rover in 2012. Scientists have talked about the possibility of sending a man to the moon after 2020.
China is also jostling with neighbors Japan and India for a bigger presence in space, but its plans have faced international wariness. Beijing says its aims are peaceful.
　　吴平说，中国即将开展的无人试验将帮助决定修正版的神舟飞船是否“适合载人飞行的需要”。
　　在广袤的空间中让飞行器对接是包括空间站在内的高级航天项目的关键技术。这一过程中如果发生碰撞，会付出很大乃至致命的代价。
　　“让两个在轨道上高速运动的飞行器对接充满困难与风险，最大的误差不能超过20厘米”，吴平说。
　　在2008年成功实施太空行走后，中国在去年发射了第二颗月球探测器。
　　吴平表示为明年可能的发射任务已选拔了飞行梯队，其中包括两名女航天员。
　　北京还计划在2012年实现无人登月并部署一辆月球车。科学家们在讨论在2020年以后实现登月的可能性。
　　中国与邻国日本和印度在争取更大的空间存在，但是它的计划引发了国际社会的担心。北京表示其航天项目以和平为宗旨。