By Associated Press, Published: November 2
BERLIN — Companies from Russia, followed closely by those from China, are seen as most likely to use bribery to secure foreign contracts, according to a new survey released Wednesday by Transparency International.
美联社：11月2日
柏林-透明国际本周三发布的一项调查结果表明，为保障其国外合同，俄罗斯的公司最可能使用行贿手段，而紧随其后便是中国的公司。
The watchdog group’s Bribe Payers Index showed the two countries at the bottom of a list of 28 of the world’s leading economies, meaning that their companies are are seen as the most likely to engage in bribery.
在监察组织的行贿指数中，这两个国家在28个经济发达国家榜单中排最后两位，这意味着中俄两国的公司更有可能“走后门”。
Firms from the Netherlands and Switzerland were tied with scores of 8.8 on a scale of 10 as those seen as the least likely to use bribes, followed closely by Belgium with 8.7, and Germany and Japan tied in fourth place with scores of 8.6.
在总分为10分的评级中，荷兰和瑞典两国的公司以8.8分高居榜首，这表明它们在商业活动中是最少行贿的，而紧随其后的是得分为8.7分的比利时以及8.6分的德国和日本。
The survey asked 3,000 business executives how often firms they deal with from different countries engage in bribery, with answers ranging from 0 meaning “always” to 10, meaning “never.”
3000名公司高管参与了这项调查，调查的内容是与他们打交道的公司参与贿赂的频率，答案从0分到10分不等，其中10分代表从不参与，0分代表经常参与。
Australia and Canada tied for sixth place with scores of 8.5, Singapore and Britain shared eighth place with scores of 8.3, followed by the U.S. in place 10 with a score of 8.1.
澳大利亚和加拿大以8.5分并列第六，新加坡和英国以8.3分并列第八，美国以8.1分排名第十。
No country was seen as wholly clean, and the survey found companies were almost as likely to pay bribes to other businesses as to public officials in order to win public tenders, avoid regulations, speed up government processes or influence policy.
Agriculture and light manufacturing were seen as the sectors where firms were least engaged in bribery, while the public works and construction sector was seen as the one where most bribes were paid.
没有哪个国家能够表现得完全规范，同时调查研究显示公司除了向政府工作人员行贿之外同样会向其它业务对象行贿，目的是为了赢得公开投标、避免规程的限制、加快政府审批进程或者影响政策。
农业和轻工业是公司参与行贿最少的领域，与之形成对比的是，公共事业和建筑业是贿赂多发的领域。
Russia finished last in the group’s previous Bribe Payers Index, which was published in 2008. While Russia’s score rose slightly since then — from 5.9 to 6.1 this year — researchers said there has been no real improvement in anti-corruption enforcement.
China was the only other country that scored below 7, with a 6.5 ranking.
在2008年发布的前一期贿赂指数中，俄罗斯也排最后一名.尽管这次俄罗斯的得分从5.9到6.1有了些许提高，但调查者却认为它的反腐措施没有什么实质性进步。
中国得分为6.5，是除了俄罗斯外唯一低于7分的国家。
“Anti-corruption mechanisms which are supposed to target businesses are not really working,” Yelena Panfilova, director of Transparency International in Russia, said at a Moscow news conference. “So the situation did not really change much in the last three years. Practices and behavior of Russian businesses, both domestically and internationally, didn’t change.”
透明国际的俄罗斯分部的负责人艾琳娜·潘费勒瓦（音译）说：“商业方面的反腐机制并没有真正的在运行,因此在过去的三年中（贪污腐败的）情况并未真正改变太多。俄罗斯国内外的商业活动运转没有变化。”
Outgoing President Dmitry Medvedev made the fight against corruption a focal point of his presidency following his election in 2008.
But in 2010, Medvedev admitted that his anti-corruption campaign had produced few significant results. Panfilova said anti-corruption legislation is a step in the right direction, but a lack of enforcement undercut the efforts.
“Yes, there are good laws now,” Panfilova said. “It’s now time to start using them.”
即将离职的总统梅德韦杰夫从08年当选后便把反腐作为任期内的一个重点。
但在2010年，他承认他的反腐运动并没有显著成效。潘费勒瓦认为反腐法规的建立是一个正确的方向，但执行力的缺乏降低了反腐的效率。
她说：“是的，现在我们拥有完善的法律，是时候把它们用起来了”。
Of the 28 countries included in the 2011 survey, 22 were also ranked in the 2008 edition. There were few signs of improvement, however, with the average score in 2008 of 7.8 rising only slightly to 7.9 for the same 22 countries.
2011年调查的28个国家中，有22个也曾出现在08年那份榜单中。然而，这22个国家此次的平均分为7.9分，比起08年时的7.8分只有些许提升，表明反腐工作没有任何有成效的进步。
The G-20 group of leading economies last year launched an anti-corruption plan, and Transparency International said they are expected to approve a progress report with further anti-corruption measures when they meet in Cannes, France, on Thursday.
去年20国集团启动了一个反腐计划，透明国际也宣称他们预期在周三法国嘎纳的会议上通过一项发展报告，该报告包含更长远的反腐措施。
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Associated Press writer Sofia Javed in Moscow contributed to this report.
美联社记者 索菲亚·贾韦德 在莫斯科报道
第一次发，求大大指教啊~
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发表于 2011-11-3 13:09
