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本帖最后由 weater76 于 2011-11-9 13:24 编辑
【中文标题】阻止伊朗，依靠中国
【原文标题】To Stop Iran, Lean On China
【登载媒体】纽约时报
【来源地址】http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/09/opinion/irans-nuclear-program-and-china.html
【译 者】 WilliamRUC
【翻译方式】 人工
【声 明】 欢迎转载，请务必注明译者和出处 bbs.m4.cn。
【译 文】
TODAY, the International Atomic Energy Agency released a report on Iran’s nuclear program. It provides the most convincing evidence to date that Iran is close to producing a nuclear weapon.
But as Iran nears the nuclear threshold, the best way to stop it may be by punishing the Chinese companies that supply Tehran and enable its nuclear progress.
The Obama administration seems to understand this. The late September visit to China by David S. Cohen, the Treasury Department’s new under secretary for terrorism and financial intelligence, included the most explicit warning yet to Beijing that its banks and financial institutions could face sanctions if they continued to do business with Iranian entities.
The move is significant. More than a year ago, President Obama signed into law a series of sweeping sanctions cumulatively aimed at throttling Iran’s energy sector. Yet so far, China has mostly gotten a pass on its engagement with Iran.
今天，国际原子能机构发布了关于伊朗核项目的报告。它提供了伊朗将要生产出核武器的最有力证据。
但是随着伊朗接近核门槛，阻止它最好的办法也许就是惩罚那些为德黑兰提供帮助的中国公司了。
奥巴马政府似乎明白这点。在美财政部恐怖与金融情报副部长大卫•科恩九月底对华访问中，明确警告北京如果他们继续与伊朗开展实体业务，其银行和财政机构可能面临制裁。
这一动作会被落到实处。一年多之前，总统奥巴马签署了系列法案吗，旨在对伊朗的能源部门进行全面制裁。但是到目前为止，中国还是与伊朗有着全方位接触。
Those ties are broad — and getting broader. In recent years, China’s economic dynamism has brought with it a voracious appetite for energy. This has made energy-rich Iran a natural strategic partner. In 2009, Iran ranked as China’s second largest oil provider, accounting for some 15 percent of Beijing’s annual imports.
In exchange, China has aided and abetted Iran’s quest for nuclear capacity. Diplomatically, it has done so by complicating oversight of Iran’s nuclear program, and by resisting the application of serious sanctions against Tehran. More directly (and dangerously), it has turned a blind eye to Iranian acquisitions of sensitive technology and materiel for its nuclear program from Chinese sources.
Over time, Chinese leaders have become convinced that Washington prioritizes bilateral trade with Beijing over security concerns about Iran, and that it therefore won’t enact serious penalties for China’s dealings with Iran. This has allowed Chinese officials to pay lip service to international efforts to rein in Iran’s nuclear program while quietly playing a key role in nurturing Tehran’s nuclear quest. The result is clear: when it comes to Iran, China today isn’t part of the solution; it’s part of the problem.
两国之间的关系正变得越来越密切。近些年来，中国的经济活力使其对能源产生了贪婪的胃口。这让能源丰富的伊朗成为了其战略伙伴。2009年伊朗是排在第二位的中国石油进口商，大约占中国大陆石油年度进口的15%。
作为交换，中国协助伊朗发展核能力。在外交上，它使监视伊朗核项目的工作复杂化，并坚持对德黑兰采取严肃制裁。更直接地（也更危险），它对伊朗从中国获得核项目敏感技术与材料睁一只眼闭一只眼。
中国领导人逐步意识到相比对伊朗的安全忧虑，华盛顿更在乎与北京的双边贸易，因此不会因中伊贸易出台严肃的制裁。这让中国官员表面上认同国际社会对伊朗核项目的制裁，暗地里在伊朗核进程中扮演关键角色。结果很清楚：说到伊朗问题，中国已不是麻烦解决者，而是麻烦本身之一。
As David Albright of the Institute for Science and International Security has noted, China is becoming Iran’s key enabler, supplying much of the equipment that Tehran needs to keep its nuclear effort up and running in the face of international sanctions. “China does not implement and enforce its trade controls or its sanctions laws adequately,” Mr. Albright argued earlier this year. Indeed, a concerted Chinese crackdown on firms involved in nuclear commerce with Iran would effectively cripple Tehran’s atomic program.
Washington, worried about potentially destabilizing economic effects, has historically shied away from putting pressure on Beijing over its ties to Iran. But if the Obama administration is serious about halting Iran’s nuclear program, it must do so by sanctioning companies like the China National Offshore Oil Corporation, or Cnooc, which has been developing Iran’s mammoth North Pars natural gas field since 2006, and PetroChina (which supervises the import of some three million tons of liquefied natural gas annually from Iran). Both are publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange and therefore subject to penalties under existing law.
正如科学与国际安全研究所的大卫•奥尔布赖特所说，中国成为了伊朗的关键帮手，提供在国际制裁下伊朗发展核工业所需的许多设备。“中国并没有充分落实和执行对伊朗的贸易控制”，奥尔布赖特今年早些时候认为。事实上，对中国企业对伊核贸易协调一致的打击才能有效废止伊朗核项目。
华盛顿担心潜在的经济不稳定后果，过去没有落实中国对伊朗关系的压力。但是如果奥巴马政府严肃看待伊朗核项目，它必须制裁诸如中国海洋石油总公司（自2006年起就在开发伊朗北帕尔斯天然气油田）、中国石油（主导大约每年300万吨伊朗石油进口）。两家公司都在纽约证券交易所上市，因此可以通过现有法律进行制裁。
Mr. Cohen’s recent jaunt to Beijing was intended to convince the Chinese government that it must decisively curtail its ties to Tehran, or face real economic costs. This message needs to be coupled with the application of concrete economic penalties — from bans on United States-based energy projects to prohibitions on financial transactions that fall under American jurisdiction — that are intended to persuade Chinese companies, including Cnooc and PetroChina, to scale back their economic contacts with Iran. At the same time, greater targeted sanctions and asset freezes are needed to bring to heel Chinese individuals and entities that are currently complicit in Iran’s nuclear advances.
After all, the last, best hope of peacefully derailing Iran’s nuclear drive lies in convincing Beijing that “business as usual” with Tehran is simply no longer possible.
科恩最近对北京的访问旨在说服中国政府其必须果断削减与德黑兰的联系，否则就要面临真实的经济代价。这一信息必须与具体的经济惩罚相配合——从禁止以美国为基地的能源计划到出台美国司法管辖权下金融交易的禁令——如此说服包括中海油和中石油在内的中国公司脱离与伊朗的经济关系。与此同时，必须对帮助伊朗推动核进程的个人与组织执行更为强有力的制裁。
说到底，避免伊朗核计划脱轨的和平希望在于说服北京，它与伊朗的“日常生意”不能再做了。
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狗仔卡
发表于 2011-11-9 10:48
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发表于 2011-11-9 14:33
