(Reuters) - In factory towns across China's export powerhouse in the Pearl River Delta, a vicious cycle of slowing orders from the West and increasing wage pressures has led to a series of major strikes that could reverberate through the economy.
（路透社）在中国的出口重镇珠江三角的工厂城镇中，不断减少的西方订单和（工人）要求增加工资的压力之间的恶性循环导致了大规模的罢工运动，如惊雷般回荡在整个经济大环境中。
From shoe and bra factories in the east of Guangdong province, dubbed "China's world factory," to a cluster of watch, sport and electronics plants to the south and west, hundreds, even thousands, of workers have crippled production for major Western brands.
从号称“中国的世界工厂”的广东省东部的鞋子和胸罩生产工厂到南部和西部一系列的手表、运动产品和电子设备生产厂家，成百上千的工人都参与了罢工，导致西方主要品牌产品的生产陷于瘫痪之中。
A Reuters team that visited four factory towns in the region this week saw significant signs of industrial strains despite attempts by security guards to block access to workers.
The strains underline recent warnings of a looming export slowdown from a senior Guangdong official and a survey of country-wide industrial activity in November that showed the worst contraction since 2009.
一组路透社记者走访了这些地区的四个工厂城镇，尽管保安阻止他们接近工人，但他们仍可以看到工厂正处于紧张状态的一些显著迹象。
最近，一位广东省高级官员和一个全国性的工厂调查活动对隐约正在下降的对外出口状况提出过警告，调查显示目前是自09年以来最严重的一次出口紧缩，而（工厂中的）这些紧张的状态使得这个警告更加引人注目。
At Yue Yuen Industrial Holdings' (0551.HK) giant shoe factory in Huangjiang town -- a major supplier for sports brand New Balance -- the mood remained tense after most of its 8,000 workers took to the streets on Thursday, blocking roads, overturning cars and clashing with police.
在裕元工业集团位于黄江镇的一家大型制鞋厂中——一家新百伦运动产品（NB牌）的主要供应商，目前的气氛非常紧张，周三时它的8000多名员工几乎都开始挤到街上，堵住道路，掀翻汽车并与警方发生了冲突。
Security guards patrolling the sprawling industrial estate on motorbikes prevented two Reuters correspondents from mingling with workers near a lakeside area ringed by food joints and dormitory blocks, eventually forcing them out.
骑着摩托车在广阔的工业园区巡逻的保安在一片靠近湖边的区域赶走了记者，不让他们接触并采访工人，这个区域被食堂和宿舍区所环绕。
At least four factory workers who talked to Reuters, including two slurping steaming bowls of chilli noodles in an alley near the factory, said the strike was still simmering into a sixth day, with workers clocking in but refusing to work at assembly line posts.
"We are willing to work but you must also pay us enough to survive," said one of them, a rosy-cheeked woman in a pink jacket. "To guarantee the basic quality of life, even Wen Jiabao has said that," she added, referring to China's premier.
记者采访到了至少四名工人，有两个正咕嘟咕嘟的喝着工厂旁的小巷子里卖的热气腾腾的辣椒面，他们说罢工行动处于一触即发的状态已经第六天了，工人们打卡但是拒绝在生产线的岗位上工作。
一位穿粉色夹克脸色通红的女工说道，“我们希望工作，但你必须同时付给我们足够的薪水让我们的日子能过下去”，她还提到了总理温家宝说，“要保证生活的基本质量，连我们的温总理都说过”。
A middle-aged male colleague sitting beside her said: "Even during the financial crisis we didn't see pressure like this."
The shoemaker, one of the world's largest, said the impact was "minor" with its orders still healthy. It conceded, however, that cost pressures, namely wages, were building in regions like Guangdong, where another round of minimum wage hikes on January 1 could deal a further blow to factory owners.
她旁边一位中年男同事说道：“即使在金融危机期间，我们也没感到过如此大的压力”。
作为世界上最大的制鞋商之一，厂家说道，影响不会很大，因为它的订单都保持着健康状态。然而，它也承认，成本压力即薪水问题，在广东地区正在增加，该地区到明年一月份将会迎来有新一轮的最低工资上涨，这将给工厂老板们带来更大的打击。
DOMINO EFFECT
多米诺效应
Experts and labor advocacy groups warn an external economic slowdown in debt-stricken Europe and countries like the United States could exACerbate the risk of social upheaval in China. 专家和劳动宣传小组警告道，债务问题严重的欧洲以及像美国这样的国家所造成的中国外部经济发展减缓可能会增加中国社会不稳定性的危险。
Besides labor disputes, Guangdong province -- a crucial locomotive of China's economic growth with a GDP matching Indonesia's -- has been roiled in recent months by riots over rural land grabs in Lufeng city, and abuse of power several hours drive west in the city of Zengcheng that saw angry crowds ransack government buildings.
除了劳工方面的争论外，广东省，这样一个带动中国经济增长的关键车头,GDP可比印尼的大省，还被最近几个月来陆丰市强占农村土地的问题和陆丰向西几小时车程的增城市滥用权力导致愤怒的群众洗劫政府大楼的事件搅得不安宁。
A former deputy editor-in-chief of the official party newspaper, the People's Daily, said the number of "mass incidents" in China, an official euphemism for social disorder, was consistently above 90,000 per year from 2007 to 2009.
中共机关报纸人民日报的一位前副主编说道，在过去的2007到2009年间，中国的“群众性事件”（这是对社会不安的一种官方婉称）每年都会发生90000余起。
While strikes are relatively frequent in Chinese factory towns, including a spate of wildcat actions last year that afflicted major global firms like Honda, the current crop of labor unrest comes amid a far darker global economic backdrop and a tight domestic credit environment in China.
Slick, globalised supply chains mean belt-tightening in the West rapidly translates to reduced orders at Chinese factories.
相对而言，罢工事件在中国的工厂城镇中经常发生，甚至包括去年影响到世界性大公司本田公司的一系列鲁莽行动，但是最近一系列的罢工事件则是发生在世界经济环境十分糟糕以及国内信贷环境紧张之际。
而恰好，全球化的供应链意味着西方经济的紧缩快速转化为中国工厂的订单减少。
As leaner times provoke aggressive factory cost-cutting and wage trimming, Chinese workers increasingly lashed by persistent inflation are often in no mood to compromise.
由于萧条时期带来了强制的成本和工资削减，被持续的通货膨胀不断打击的中国工人常常没有任何妥协的心情。
In a recent report, consultancy Exclusive Analysis said it sees growing risks of "violent labor unrest" flaring up in Chinese factories and causing property damage and losses, adding: "Real-time use of social media by striking workers and firms' decreased ability to meet workers' demands due to falling Western export demand are likely to drive this violence."
在最近的一份报告里，顾问公司的独家分析说道，它看到了突然在中国工厂爆发并造成资产损害和丧失的“暴力劳工骚乱”不断增加的危险性，报告还补充道：“工人们对社会媒体的实时使用以及由于西方出口需求减少而导致的工厂满足工人需求能力的下降可能是这些暴力行为的动因”。
Europe's economic woes, Chinese manufacturing fragility and flat consumer spending in the United States have all raised the risk that the world is headed for a steep downturn.
欧洲的经济困境，中国制造业的脆弱以及不愠不火的美国消费都给世界带来了迅速衰退的危险。
Donna Kwok, an economist at HSBC, said while the labor unrest might not leave a significant dent on growth so far, "events unfolding in both the Eurozone and the U.S. pose a more serious threat to China's manufacturing sectors, especially if they topple both of China's two top export markets into simultaneous recession."
HSBC（汇丰银行）的经济学家郭浩庄说，中国劳工动乱可能不会对经济增长带来显著的影响，反而是“在欧元区和美国开始出现的类似事件会对中国的制造业带来更大的威胁，尤其是当它们将中国的两个最大的出口市场同时带入衰退的时候”。
The Federation of Hong Kong Industries recently warned up to a third of some 50,000 Hong Kong-owned factories in adjoining Guangdong and elsewhere in China could downsize or close by the end of the year, potentially putting at risk hundreds of thousands of migrant worker jobs.
With 150 million Chinese migrant workers now toiling in factories nationwide, there are potentially deep ramifications to any slowdown.
"Massive factory layoffs will lead to increased protests and social turmoil in China's urban and rural areas, spurred on especially by those laid-off factory workers and other migrant laborers particularly marginalized by society," wrote Li Qiang of the U.S.-based labor advocacy group China Labor Watch.
香港工业总会最近警告说，在临近的广东省以及其它中国的地区的50000家香港工厂中，最多可能会有三分之一会在年底裁员或关闭，可能会有成千上万个农民工的工作职位不保。
由于目前在全国各地有一亿五千万的中国农民工在工厂中劳苦的工作，因此任何发展的减缓都可能带来更神层次的影响。
“大规模的工厂停工将会在城镇和农村地区带来更多的抵制和社会动乱，尤其是那些下岗的工人和处在社会边缘的劳工所带来的混乱，”总部设在美国的劳工观察组的成员李强这样写道。
INFLATION
通货膨胀
So far, beyond strike zones, labor markets in the smoggy Pearl River Delta factory towns are relatively calm and there is little evidence of mass layoffs or broader unrest breaking out.
到目前，在罢工区域之外的地区，烟雾弥漫的珠三角工厂城镇里的劳工市场相对来说比较平静，几乎看不出大规模停工和大范围动乱爆发的迹象。
Livelihood pressures, however, have been building in migrant worker communities. Rising food prices are a ubiquitous topic of conversation during meals and in dormitory blocks.
然而，在农民工所住的地区，生活的压力正在增大。不断增长的食品价格已经成为饭后茶余宿舍食堂中无处不在的话题。
The Reuters correspondents in Guangdong repeatedly heard grievances about the trimming of overtime pay and bonuses, which for many workers is crucial to complement basic wages often set at 1,100 yuan ($170) per month -- or just $6 per day.
路透社的记者在广东省不断的听到对加班费和红利遭到削减的抱怨，加班费和红利是对基本工资的重要补充，而工人的基本工资一般只有每月1100元（170美元），约合每天六美元。
At the Hong Kong-listed Top Form (0333.HK) bra factory, the strike by hundreds of female factory workers centered on reducing pay on a per-item basis, while striking workers at Jing Mold Electronics Technology in Shajing, a major supplier of keyboards for Apple (AAPL.O), said managers were forcing them to work very late during the week to save paying them double at the weekend.
在香港上市公司黛丽斯文胸厂里，数以百计的女工因为生产每件产品的工资下降而罢工，同时沙井镇（位于深圳）的精模具电子科技公司的罢工工人们说经理强迫他们在工作日内工作到很晚来避免周末加班而支付给他们双倍工资，这家公司是苹果公司键盘的主要供应商。
"The Taiwan bosses are very tight-fisted," said Zeng Yanbing, a worker at the tech company, as police watched him outside the factory. "They don't provide food ... and they've cut back on our benefits." “台湾老板都非常吝啬，”这家科技公司的工人曾延兵（音译），在警察于工厂外看着他时说道。“他们不提供食物…并且他们削减了我们的利益”。
Zuo Hao, a job recruiter in Dongguan, close to the striking shoe factory, said many plants were forcing workers to take more leave as orders decline, then cutting pay or benefits.
In a family-run noodle diner a stone's throw from the Jing Mold factory, the menu's old prices were scrawled over as rice, flour, chicken and vegetable costs creep ever higher.
东莞一位了解这家发生罢工事件工厂的招聘人员说，很多工厂在订单减少后强迫工人休更多的假，然后扣减他们的工资和津贴。
"There are a lot less workers eating here now," said Ye Wenji, the 20-year-old son of the owner. "If they don't do overtime, my business here isn't good," he said, pointing out that a dish of mutton noodles was 10 yuan, almost a fifth of the daily wage for some workers.
“现在在这吃饭的工人少了很多”，老板20岁的儿子叶文基说道。
“如果他们不加班工作，我们的生意就会不景气”，他如是说，并指出一碗羊肉面10块钱，几乎是一些工人每天工资的五分之一。
Were inflation not so acute, some striking workers at the Leader Sporting factory in Songgang, near Shenzhen city, said they wouldn't have fought back as hard over work-linked bonuses that they say mysteriously disappeared from recent pay cheques.
"I don't eat meat to save money now," said a 38-year-old mother of two at the plant, which makes sports goods for U.S.-brand K2 skates. "I just buy vegetables, oil and rice," she told Reuters beside a dusty highway where dozens of others gathered.
"Every little thing matters to us ... We can't afford to be passive anymore," piped up another worker surnamed Liu, as others nodded and pledged to strike again the following day.
深圳松岗一家领头的体育用品工厂的工人说，假如不是膨胀如此严重，他们也不会因为与工作挂钩的红利莫名其妙的在最近的工资单中消失而做强硬的回击。
“现在我通过不吃肉来省钱”，一位有两个孩子的母亲这样说道，她为美国K2溜冰鞋生产体育用品。在很多工人聚集的高速公路旁，她在漫天尘埃中告诉记者，“我现在只买蔬菜，油和米饭”。
“现在一点一滴对我们都很重要…我们不能再坐视不管了，”一位姓刘的工人大声说道，与此同时，其他工人纷纷点头并约定第二天继续进行罢工。
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发表于 2011-11-27 23:52
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