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【中文标题】中印参加新一轮合作援助
【原文标题】China and India to join aid partnership on new terms
【登载媒体】卫报
【来源地址】http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2011/dec/01/china-india-aid-partnership
【译 者】WilliamRUC
【翻译方式】人工
【声 明】欢迎转载，请务必注明译者和出处 bbs.m4.cn。
【译 文】
Britain's international development minister Andrew Mitchell said a global deal on aid effectiveness 'wouldn't have made sense without the involvement of China'. Photograph: Jung Yeon-Je/AFP/Getty Images
英国国际发展大臣安德鲁•米切尔称，“没有中国参与的国际援助协定将没有意义”。
China and India have agreed to join a global partnership on aid effectiveness but on vague terms that cast doubt on their willingness to stick by principles set by traditional donors.
After negotiations that went late into Thursday night, the key parties signed off on a final outcome document that bridged what seemed to be irreconcilable approaches between emerging donors and traditional aid givers from the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
Desperate to bring in China and India, the traditional donors bent over backwards to find a formula that would allow the fourth high-level forum on aid effectiveness to end on a high note.
The key paragraph in the 12-page document says effectively the emerging donors will be held to a lower standard than traditional donors as they remain developing countries and still face poverty at home.
中国和印度同意加入全球援助合作，但是他们模糊的条款，让人怀疑他们是否愿意坚持传统援助者的原则。
经过周四深夜结束的谈判，主要各方签署了最后的协议，新兴的援助国和传统的经合组织（OECD）援助国似乎达成了共识。
急切地希望引入中国和印度的传统援助方，在第四次高级别论坛中卑躬屈膝地请求帮助。
12页文件中的关键部分显示，新兴援助国的标准比传统援助国更低，因为他们自己还是发展中国家，国内还有贫困问题没有解决。
"The principles, commitments and actions agreed in the outcome document in Busan shall be the reference for south-south partnerships on a voluntary basis," said the final draft, agreed to just before 1am on Friday.
OECD officials rejected the perception that China, which seemed to have walked away from the Busan talks on Monday, had been let off the hook.
"We have a broad partnership that has signed up, including China," said an OECD official who took part in the negotiations. "We have to recognise that they have to focus on their own poverty problems and it is precisely through dialogue that we will build bridges and they will need time to reach ownership of these principles."
The meeting in Busan, which brought together figures such as Hillary Clinton, the US secretary of state, President Paul Kagame of Rwanda and President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia, differed from past summits on aid effectiveness in Paris and Accra in that the focus was heavily political. Paris set out common principles such as country ownership of aid programmes, transparency and accountability. Accra brought in civil society into the equation. Busan was all about bringing China into the fold, overshadowing everything else.
“在釜山的成果文件中所商定的原则、承诺和行动，应以自愿基础上的南南合作伙伴关系为依据”，周五凌晨一点的最终草案称。
OECD官员考虑到了中国的感受，周一似乎它就离开了釜山对话。
“我们在签署的协议中有广泛的合作，包括中国在内”，参加谈判的OECD官员称。“我们必须意识到他们不得不顾及自己的贫困问题，他们需要时间来符合这些原则，这将通过对话取得共识来完成。”
釜山会议参加者有美国国务卿希拉里、卢旺达总统卡加梅、埃塞俄比亚总统梅莱斯，不同于以往在巴黎和安卡拉举行的会议，这次会议完全是政治性的。巴黎会议发布了援助国家项目主权、透明和问责制原则。安卡拉会议把公民社会引进来。釜山考虑的只是引入中国，这项议题盖过了其他所有的议题。
"There is palpable relief China was shoehorned into an agreement but from the perspective of the low income countries there is scant progress on Paris and Accra," said Lucia Fry of ActionAid, part of the Better Aid coalition of NGOs.
The response from Britain was more upbeat. "It just wouldn't have made sense for a global deal on aid effectiveness to go ahead without the involvement of China and other major players in international development," said Andrew Mitchell, the international development secretary.
"Not only has China got valuable experience to share – cutting the proportion of its people living below the poverty line from 84% to 16% in just 25 years – but it is also a major investor in Africa and the developing world. Their continued presence at the table, alongside other emerging economies, ensures this deal reflects the reality of today's development landscape."
Along with South Korea, which was understandably keen to claim Busan as a success, Mitchell can claim credit for salvaging what looked like a hopeless situation. The development secretary happened to be in Beijing for talks at a senior level on a new development partnership with China when he got the call from Busan that discussions with the Chinese had hit a brick wall. Mitchell coaxed the Chinese back into the talks through his discussions with Chen Deming, the Chinese minister of commerce.
“显而易见中国被塞进了协议，但是从低收入国家的角度看，巴黎和安卡拉进展甚微”，非政府组织“援助行动”的Lucia Fry说。
英国的响应更为乐观。“没有中国和其他在全球发展中担当主要角色的国家的参与，国际有效性援助协定将没有意义”，国际发展大臣安德鲁•米切尔说。
“中国不仅有珍贵的经验可以分享——仅仅用25年时间就把贫困人口比例从84%下降到了16%——而且是包括非洲在内的发展中国地区的主要投资者他们和新兴经济体一道参与协议，反映了当今发展格局的真实面貌。”
可以理解韩国急切声称釜山会议的成功，但是米切尔也希望给目前毫无指望的局势增添希望。当发展大臣接到与中国的谈判已经撞到南墙的电话时，他正好在北京与中国展开新兴发展伙伴的一些对话。米切尔哄着中国商务部长陈德铭回到谈判中来。
"He said Busan was too much a conversation between traditional donors and poor countries and there was not enough room for emerging countries like us so we asked him what was the minimum to satisfy to them," said Mitchell. "I flew down here and chaired a meeting of like-minded groups. My feeling was that there was a less than 50% chance on an agreement, then during the night India and China said they liked the draft."
The draft outcome document takes into account that China, Brazil and India are newcomers to the development debate with their own approaches.
"The Paris declaration did not address the complexity of these new actors … At Busan, we now all form an integral part of a new and more inclusive development agenda, in which these actors participate on the basis of common goals, shared principles and differential commitments," said the document.
Mitchell said the importance of Busan lay in the acceptance of common goals and principles with "ships moving in the same direction albeit at different speeds."
Some countries, however, indicated their unhappiness at the kowtowing to China.
“他说，釜山会议上传统援助国和贫困国家的讨论过多，像中国这样的新兴国家没有发言空间，于是我们问他什么是中国的最低要求”，米切尔说。“我飞到这里出席拥有志同道合的会议。我感觉达成协议的概率小于50%，然后中国和印度表示他们喜欢这个草案。”
草案文件将中国、巴西和印度作为发展的新成员。允许他们按照自己的步伐前进。
“巴黎宣言没有显示出这些新角色的复杂型……在釜山，我们提出了更具包容性的发展议程，这些新角色基于共同目标、共同原则和不同作用参与”，文件显示。
米切尔表示，釜山会议的重要性体现在“不同速度的船只超同一方向航行”的共同目标和原则。
一些国家则因为屈从于中国表达了不满。
"True, there are important differences between north-south and south-south co-operation that we should keep in mind," Mexico said in a statement. "But this should not distract us from the fact that we are all in the same boat."
Asked whether China had the option not to abide those common principles, Michell said China was increasingly aware that its mercantile approach to aid – what Clinton referred to as its interest in exploiting resources rather than in promoting development – is meeting resistance.
"The Chinese are aware then unless their aid becomes more transparent someone is going to come along and have their lunch," he said.
Besides bringing China into the fold – and Busan sought to harmonise what has become a fragmented aid architecture – the conference saw an important commitment from the US to a transparency initiative and a "new deal" that will focus aid on building up security and justice systems in fragile states such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Sudan.
But some of the key decisions – a common set of monitoring standards that apply to everyone, new and traditional donors, as well as poor countries receiving aid – will not be decided until June 2012.
"We'll know six months down the line whether there's any meat on the bones of this deal," said Oxfam's Greg Adams. "And we hope this is not going to be decided behind closed doors."
“事实上，我们必须把南北合作与南南合作的差异牢记在心”，墨西哥在陈述中表示。“但是这也会让我们忘记我们在一条船上的事实。”
当问到中国是否有不遵守共同原则的可能是，米切尔说中国正不断意识到自己通过援助获取利益——希拉里所说的它搜刮资源的兴趣高于促进发展的兴趣——但这正遇到阻力。
“中国人意识到，除非他们的援助更透明，否则就没有人来和他们一起享受午餐”，他说。
除了把中国拉入组织，釜山会议还试图重组支离破碎的援助组织——会议见证了美国的透明倡议，在如刚果民主主义共和国、南苏丹等脆弱国家帮助建设安全与司法系统的“新协定”。
但是一些关键决定——对任何人使用的监督标准，包括新兴和传统的援助国，接受援助的穷国——直到2012年6月才能确定。
“未来六个月我们会知道这个协议有没有作用”， 乐施会的格雷格•亚当斯说，“而且我们不希望这个决定闭门达成”。
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发表于 2011-12-3 16:33
