【彭博社111205】中国将军访问印度参加边界谈判

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【中文标题】中国将军访问印度参加边界谈判

【原文标题】Chinese General Heads to India for Border Talks

【登载媒体】彭博社

【来源地址】http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-12-05/chinese-general-heads-to-india-for-talks-after-border-setback.html

【译    者】WilliamRUC

【翻译方式】人工

【声    明】欢迎转载，请务必注明译者和出处 bbs.m4.cn。

【译    文】

Ma Xiaotian (C), the deputy chief of the People’s Liberation Army General Staff. Photographer: Romeo Gacad/AFP/Getty Images
人民解放军副总参谋长马晓天

India and China, which have fought a war over their disputed border and compete for resources to feed Asia’s two fastest growing economies, will hold their highest level military talks in almost two years.
General Ma Xiaotian, the deputy chief of the People’s Liberation Army General Staff, will lead a delegation to New Delhi for meetings Dec. 9 with Indian Defense Secretary Shashikant Sharma and ministry officials. The previous round of defense dialogue was held in Beijing in January 2010.
The nuclear-armed neighbors, home to more than a third of the world’s people, claim territory held by the other and clashed during a brief border conflict in 1962. India has replaced China as the world’s top weapons importer, according to a study by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, as it aims to modernize its armed forces and defend against security threats from Pakistan and China.
　　作为亚洲经济增长最快的两个经济体，中国和印度为了争议边界开过战，也为了资源争夺不休。它们将在未来两年举行高级别系列军事对话。
　　人民解放军副总参谋长马晓天上将将于12月9日率领代表团访问新德里，与印度国防部长安东尼及其下属会谈。上一轮的国防会谈2010年1月在北京举行。
　　两个核国家人口超过全球三分之一，彼此声称边界领土主权，在1962年爆发了短暂的边界冲突。据斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所的研究报告称，印度已经取代中国成为了世界上最大的武器进口国，以提高武装力量的现代化程度和应对中国和巴基斯坦的安全威胁为目标。

Ma’s visit indicates that China and India have for now “resolved a degree of their tit-for-tat diplomacy,” said Lora Saalman, a Beijing-based analyst at the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy. “It does not signal that the overall tensions underpinning such disputes have been resolved.”
Military relations between the world’s two most populous nations were suspended in August 2010 after China issued a visa to an Indian army officer in charge of forces in Kashmir without stamping his passport, an act seen as questioning India’s rule over the disputed Himalayan territory. China has a close alliance with Pakistan, which has waged two wars with India over Kashmir.
　　马晓天的访问标志着中国和印度“在某种程度上解决了争锋相对的外交问题”，卡内基-清华全球政策中心的分析家劳拉•萨尔曼（Lora Saalman,）说，“这并不意味着整体争议已经解决了”。
　　全世界人口最多两个国家的军事关系从2010年8月以来就受到阻碍，那时中国不愿给负责克什米尔防务的印度军官颁发签证，这被视为对印度统治喜马拉雅地区的质疑。中国和巴基斯坦是亲密盟友，后者就克什米尔与印度打了两场仗。

Dalai Lama Protest
Border talks scheduled for Nov. 28-29 were scrapped after China objected to a Buddhist meeting in New Delhi at which the Dalai Lama was set to speak, the Press Trust of India reported. The government in Beijing refused to go ahead with the dialogue even after India said President Pratibha Patil and Prime Minister Manmohan Singh would not attend the Dalai Lama session, the Times of India newspaper reported Nov. 27.
The Dalai Lama has lived in India since fleeing in 1959 after China’s military takeover of Tibet. China accuses him and the government-in-exile that is also based in the north Indian town of Dharamshala, of secretly seeking independence for his homeland. The Dalai Lama says he wants autonomy for Tibet, not separation.
India’s foreign ministry said in a statement Nov. 25 it was looking forward to rescheduling the boundary talks “in the near future and the two sides remain in touch to find convenient dates.”
达赖喇嘛的抗议
　　印度报业托拉斯报道，因为中国反对达赖喇嘛在11月28日至29日之间在新德里召开的佛教大会上讲话，边界谈判停止了。印度时报11月27日报道，北京政府拒绝继续会议后，印度总统帕蒂尔和总理辛格均表示不会出席达赖喇嘛的会议部分。
　　自1959年中国军方接管西藏以后，流亡的达赖喇嘛就在印度生活。中国指控他和印度北部达赖萨拉的流亡政府秘密寻求西藏独立。达赖喇嘛则表示他希望西藏的自治，并非分裂。
　　印度外交部在11月25日一份声明中表示正希望重新安排边界协商的时间，“在不久的将来双方接触找到合适的日期”。

Arms Transfers
India and China, which went to war five decades ago over part of their 3,500-kilometer (2,175-mile) boundary, have tried to prevent their disagreements from affecting economic ties. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao traveled to India with 300 business executives in December last year. During that trip the countries vowed to raise trade by two-thirds to $100 billion in five years and reduce India’s trade deficit by promoting its exports to China.
The defense delegations will this week discuss “regional and global security issues,” review attempts to address the border issue and finalize military exchanges for next year, according to a statement from India’s defense ministry. Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei confirmed Chinese participation at a regular briefing in Beijing yesterday.
India received 9 percent of international arms transfers by volume during 2006-10, Sipri said in a March report. India has tripled its military budget in the past decade to $32 billion this year compared with a near-quadrupling of spending by its neighbor and rival China in the same period. China said it planned to spend $91.5 billion on defense this year.
　　中国和印度在五十年前曾在超过3500千米的边界上交战，它们试图不让争议影响到经贸联系。中国总理温家宝去年12月曾带领300名商业经理人访问印度。在访问中，两国宣布将在未来五年内提高双边贸易的三分之二，达到1000亿美元的水平，并通过促进印度对华出口减少印度的贸易逆差。
　　据印度国防部发表的声明称，军事代表团将在本周讨论“地区与国际安全问题”，推动边界问题解决，并推动明年军事交流的完成。中国外交部发言人洪磊昨天也在北京简短的发布会上确认了这一消息。
　　斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所三月份报告称，印度在2006年和2010年之间占据了国际军火贸易9%的数额。印度在过去十年不断提高防务开支，今年达到了320亿美元，而它的邻居和对手中国在同一时期翻了两番。中国表示今年的国防开支会达到915亿美元。

Territorial Disputes
India accuses China of occupying 38,000 square kilometers (14,670 square miles) of territory in Jammu and Kashmir to the west, while the government in Beijing lays claim to 90,000 square kilometers of land in Arunachal Pradesh, a state in India’s east. The two sides have been unable to resolve their disputes after more than a dozen rounds of discussions since 2005.
India and China are competing around the world to secure oil, gas and metals. India and Vietnam signed an agreement Oct. 12 to expand joint oil and gas exploration in the South China Sea, waters where Chinese claims over resources have led to clashes in recent months. India’s Foreign Ministry Sept. 1 denied a report that said a Chinese warship confronted an Indian navy vessel after it left Vietnamese waters in late July.
“Though there are irritants like the border, a trade imbalance and now the South China Sea, both countries want to push forward dialogue,” said R.N. Das, an analyst at the New Delhi-based Institute for Defence Studies & Analyses.
边界争端
　　印度指责中国侵占了查谟和克什米尔西部多达3.8万平方公里的领土，而北京声称印度东部的阿鲁纳恰尔邦是中国领土。双方自2005年以来就举行了十余场谈判，但还是没有解决边界争端。
　　中国和印度在世界范围内追求石油、天然气和金属矿产的安全。10月12日印度和越南签署了一项协定，扩展在南海的联合油气勘探项目——这片海域中国声称拥有主权，导致了最近几个月的系列冲突。9月1日，7月末中国军舰离开越南海域后，遭遇印度军舰的报告被印度外交部否认。
　　“尽管有类似边界纠纷、贸易不平衡与南海等问题，两国都想要推动对话进展”，新德里国防研究与分析研究所分析师R.N. Das说。

Assertive India
Army ties resumed when Indian officers traveled to Beijing in June. A People’s Liberation Army delegation came to India Nov. 4-9, India’s defense ministry said in its statement. A further round of military exchanges will take place before the end of this month, it said.
“India’s relations with Vietnam and Myanmar and its refusal to intervene in matters concerning the Dalai Lama that are purely of a religious nature” signal it is becoming more assertive, Bahukutumbi Raman, an analyst at the Chennai Centre for China Studies, said in comments posted on his blog.
Both India and China are investing in ports, railways and oil and gas pipelines in Myanmar, formerly known as Burma, that give them access to natural resources and trade routes in the Indian Ocean region.
“India has in recent months started slowly asserting its own interests and concerns without surrendering totally to those of China,” Raman said.
自信的印度
　　当印度官员7月访问北京时，军事联系得到了恢复。一个解放军代表团11月4日至9日访问了印度，印度国防部在声明中说。它还提到本月底之前会有更多的军事交流。
　　“印度与越南和缅甸的关系，以及其拒绝干预达赖问题，纯粹是宗教本性”， 钦奈中国研究中心分析师拉曼在博客上发表评论说，他认为印度正变得更有自信。
　　中国和印度都在缅甸的港口、铁路和油气管道上投资，以创造通往印度洋地区的资源与贸易路径。
　　“印度在最近几个月逐渐开始强调自己的利益，并不愿意向中国投降”，拉曼说。