【印度时报】德里百年转型

无聊人的意志

【中文标题】百年转型
【原文标题】1911-2011：hundred years of transition
【来源地址】http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/delhis-century/eventcoverage/11057418.cms
【译者】无聊人的意志
【翻译方式】人工
【原文库链接】http://bbs.m4.cn/thread-3253924-1-1.html
【声明】欢迎转载，请务必注明译者和出处 bbs.m4.cn。
【译文】
1911-2011: Hundred years of transition1911-2011：百年转型

Perhaps the most evocative symbol of what Delhi is, and what it is not, can be seen in the nerve centre of the city, at India Gate. The splendid sandstone canopy, built by the British to commemorate the Indians who gave their lives for Britain in the World Wars, housed a statue of King George V. That, thought our erstwhile rulers, was the best use of the space. A few years after they left in 1947, the rulers of independent India rightly decided to remove the replica of an alien king. Except that they have not been able to decide till now what to replace it with! The canopy remains empty even today.
人们对于德里的印象是用砂岩建造的雄伟壮观的印度门（它是为纪念第一次世界大战阵亡的印度军人而建，后也纪念印巴武装冲突和中印边界冲突中阵亡的印军。印度门高48 .7米, 宽21.3米,拱门高42米。顶端有一个圆石盆，是一盏大油灯

。类似于凯旋门的仿制品，有前统治者乔治五世国王的雕像。 在英国人于1947年离开印度之后，印度的统治者们明智的决定将这个外族统治者的雕像移除。但是他们却没有想到要用什么东西来代替它，所以那个位置从此一直空着）。

This ‘emptiness’ is a metaphor of sorts for Delhi itself. It is not what it once was. It does not know what it wants to become. It has changed beyond recognition . But it does not know how, why or to what purpose. It exists, but is not sure what it means to those who live in it. It has the certainty of space, but the ambivalence of uncertain content. It is a city in undefined transition.
这个空白暗喻着德里这座城市本身。德里不在是曾经的那个德里了，却又不知应该转向何方。它已经面目全非，但是德里人并不知道变化的目的和方式。变化正在发生。但是对于生长在德里的人，变化的意义尚不明确。 这种变化显然是必然的。但是变化与这座城市本身却是相互矛盾的，不确定的。这就是德里，一个在未知中转型的城市。

This was not so a hundred years ago.Then Delhi — now called Purani Dilli — did not extend beyond the protecting walls of Shahjahanabad, the city Shahjahan built as his capital in 1638. Outside the Ajmeri and Delhi Gates were green fields. The population of Delhi in 1911 — about one lakh — was less than that of a provincial city like Lucknow.
在不到一百年前，德里还仅仅是指那座处于纳巴德城墙内的城市。沙贾汗建立于1638年。 当年出了德里门便是一片绿野。 德里在1911年的人口仅为一个十万（lakh印度计数单位）比许多像勒克瑙那样的省城都要少。

But even so, the city meant something to its denizens. Zauq, the great poet of 19th century Delhi and the literary mentor of the last Mughal king, Bahadur Shah Zafar, was offered a rather lucrative job in the Deccan. He was tempted, but finally declined the offer with the wry comment: Kaun jaaye par ab Zauq, Dilli ki galiyan chhod kar. (Who, after all, O Zauq, can leave the alleyways of Delhi.) His great contemporaries, Mirza Ghalib and Momin, would have probably reacted in similar fashion. The city then had a delightfully homogenous seduction , expressed through its culinary tastes, its sartorial choices, the all-encompassing Urdu tehzibiyat, and even its own brand of humour.Has Delhi lost some of this definitive identity in the journey of the last hundred years? Has it merely become a vast utilitarian space, where its citizens live, work, struggle, eat and sleep, without a true sense of belonging? If this is so, part of the reason must lie in the unprecedented growth of the city.
尽管如此，德里对于它的人民来说仍然具有特殊的意义。 19世纪的伟大诗人，莫卧儿皇帝穆罕默德·巴哈杜尔·沙·扎法 手下的显赫的文人，Zauq 曾被要求去就任在德干高原的一份肥差，虽然他开始被诱惑了，但最后还是拒绝了：（我，最终，可以离开德里的小胡同了）。与他同时代的米尔扎·迦利布和Momin也以相似的方式作出了相似的回答。这样看来，德里的却有着难以抗拒的魅力。这种魅力渗透于其美食，服饰包罗万象的 Urdu tehzibiyat（？？） 甚至是它独有的幽默。 那么德里在上个世纪是否失去了它的这种魅力呢？它是否因变成了一个充满了奋斗，工作，吃和睡的功利主义之地而失去了人们对其的归属感呢？如果答案是肯定的，那么这要归咎于城市的空间扩张。
In my view, no other city in the world would have expanded from a population of less than a hundred thousand to 22 million in a hundred years.
在我看来，世界上没有其他城市的人口在一百年中由不足十万扩张到两千两百万。
It was a spontaneous explosion, beyond the imagination of the most imaginative municipal planner. Lutyens’ New Delhi was conceived as a babu-neta city. Its boundaries were defined by the Yamuna in the east, the Ridge in the west, Lodi Garden in the south and Tilak Marg in the north. When the first traffic lights were installed in the 1950s, people laughed because there were such few cars.
这种自然爆发，超出了许多最具有想象力的城市规划者的想象。Lutyens的新德里规划中，城市的边界被划在阎牟那河以西，山脊以东，罗迪公园以北，提拉克玛格以南。当最初的路灯在五十年代被安装时，人们还曾笑话它们，因为德里的路上没有几辆车。
Today, Delhi extends for miles beyond the Yamuna and the Ridge, includes all of Gurgaon, and considers Sonepat to be a suburb. It has more cars and scooters than all the other metropolises of India put together. Like some giant boa constrictor it has ingested entire villages in its appetite for space. It is no longer a city. It has morphed into the National Capital Region.
今天，德里已经远远超出了阎牟那河和山脊，囊括了整个古尔冈（德里的卫星城）。德里的汽车和摩托车数量已经超过了其他所有印度城市的总和。德里像一条王蛇，肆意吞噬着整个的村庄。它已经不再是一座城市，而成了一个首都地区。
In spite of this amorphous urban sprawl, some characteristics have not changed. As the capital of the republic, New Delhi was, and remains, the seat of political power. For the same reason it was, and continues to be, the babu capital . The same political wheeling-dealing that defined it in 1947 defines it today , except that the scale has changed.
虽然城市急剧扩张，但是它的一些特色仍然保持不变。作为印度共和国的首都，德里仍是印度的政治中心。因为同样的原因，它曾是，也将继续是首都。 德里1947年政治定义如今仍然有效，尽管它的规模发生了变化。

This city of permanently malleable space has acquired other new features. The monopoly of one elite, defined by old money and inherited status, has ceased to exist. New money has an i in anyour-face assertionll kinds of improbable places, including east and west Delhi.The consequences of our PM's financial alchemy two decades ago can be seen in the mushrooming malls, the exotic eateries, the foreign brands from cars to condoms, and the pride of the city, the Metro.
成长中的德里也有了新元素。继承了先辈的财富和地位的贵族垄断阶层已经不复存在。新机会在过去被人遗忘的背部和西部出现，我们总理金融魔术的丰功伟绩——快速增长的购物中心，外国餐馆，外国品牌，从汽车到避孕套，以及德里的骄傲——地铁。
In many ways, Delhi mirrors the inchoate transition of the country it leads. From a Punjabi-dominated city after the advent of the refugees following Partition , it has acquired the cosmopolitan pan-Indianism of the nation. A bit of every part of India can be found here.
在许多方面，德里反应了印度这个国家的早期转型。从一个什图语城市到分治后难民的大量涌入。德里接受了一种泛印度主义。在德里，我们可以找到印度各地的人。
In this city, where the basics of water and power cannot be assured to the bulk of its citizens, there is the same resilience of survivability which defines the rest of India. It is an irrepressible energy, where people endure the travails of today in the hope that tomorrow will be better. For all the avalanche of municipal concerns, the hope and aspirational energy concentrated in the capital echoes that of an entire nation in transition.
在这座城市，生活所需的水与电并不能惠及它的大部分市民。这同在印度其他地区是相似的，人们为了明天的美好生活忍受着今天的巨大痛苦。印度人对未来的希望与雄心壮志在印度的转变中回响。


Culturally , the capital is sorely lacking in basic infrastructure. Its most prestigious auditorium — the Siri Fort — lacks even proper green rooms, and the home of its most famous poet, Ghalib, was until recently occupied by a coal vendor and a kabariwallah. The democratization of culture, where a great deal seems to be happening, has not led to a cultural renaissance , where quality and focus replace quantitative mediocrity.
新德里的基础设施极度匮乏。 它最著名的礼堂——Siri fort——连最基本的休息室都没有。加里卜，著名诗人的故乡最近还被煤贩子占领着。民主化，似乎并没有激发文化的复兴。
As Delhi celebrates the centenary of its return as the political fulcrum of India , the city displays a new sense of power and assertion. But has it as yet, like not so long ago, acquired a soul of its own? Or is its profile, a bit like that empty space under the canopy of India Gate, present in its absence?
在德里庆祝它重回政治中心的世纪，这座城市展示着一种对力量与执着的诉求。这与过去对自我灵魂的探求是不同的。从这个侧面，德里就像印度门上的空白。
Pavan K Varma has written severalbooks on Delhi. He is currently India’s ambassador in Bhutan.

滔滔1949

再多的赞歌也无法抹杀，这个城市的存在本身，就是殖民地历史的标志性符号~

lilyma06

第一段。。。是怎么回事？

无聊人的意志

lilyma06 发表于 2011-12-12 09:29
第一段。。。是怎么回事？

谢谢，排版错误作了一些修正