【中文标题】中国亿万富翁使美国同类人相形见绌
【原文标题】China’s Billionaire Congress Makes Its U.S. Peer Look Poor
【登载媒体】Bloomberg News
【来源地址】http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-02-27/china-s-billionaire-congress-makes-its-u-s-peer-look-poor.html
【译者】徐大帅
【翻译方式】人工
【声明】欢迎转载，请务必注明译者和出处 bbs.m4.cn。
China’s Billionaire Congress Makes Its U.S. Peer Look Poor
中国亿万富翁使美国同类人相形见绌
February 27, 2012, 9:20 PM EST
By Bloomberg News
(Updates with 30-year U.S. GDP growth rate in 16th paragraph.)
Feb. 27 (Bloomberg) -- The richest 70 members of China’s legislature added more to their wealth last year than the combined net worth of all 535 members of the U.S. Congress, the president and his Cabinet, and the nine Supreme Court justices.
2月27日（Bloomberg）-- 去年70名最富有的中国立法机关的成员所增加的财富超越了美国535名国会成员，国家总统及其内阁成员以及最高法院的九名法官的资本净值总和。
The net worth of the 70 richest delegates in China’s National People’s Congress, which opens its annual session on March 5, rose to 565.8 billion yuan ($89.8 billion) in 2011, a gain of $11.5 billion from 2010, according to figures from the Hurun Report, which tracks the country’s wealthy. That compares to the $7.5 billion net worth of all 660 top officials in the three branches of the U.S. government.
根据被誉为国家财富象征的胡润百富排行榜，属于70名中国人民代表大会首富的资本净值将会被在3月5日的年度会议中被公布出来，此数据在2011年上升到5656亿元人民币（约合898亿美元），如果从2010年开始计算，则其年度增值为115亿美元。并且我们可以将其与美国政府的660个顶级官员在三个方面的将近75亿美元的资本净值做出对比。
The income gain by NPC members reflects the imbalances in economic growth in China, where per capita annual income in 2010 was $2,425, less than in Belarus and a fraction of the $37,527 in the U.S. The disparity points to the challenges that China’s new generation of leaders, to be named this year, faces in countering a rise in social unrest fueled by illegal land grabs and corruption.
中国在2010年的人均年收入为2425美元（低于白俄罗斯和美国的3万7527美元），人大代表们正逐渐把因经济的不平衡增长所产生的收入反映出来。这一不平衡也会挑战那些不得不面对由于违法占地和贪污受贿所导致的不断增长的社会不和谐因素的将于今年被指定的中国新一代领导人。
“It is extraordinary to see this degree of a marriage of wealth and politics,” said Kenneth Lieberthal, director of the John L. Thornton China Center at Washington’s Brookings Institution. “It certainly lends vivid texture to the widespread complaints in China about an extreme inequality of wealth in the country now.”
“能看到这种程度上的政治和财富的结合真是太难得了”，华盛顿布鲁金斯学会约翰·桑顿中国中心主任Kenneth Lieberthal如此说。“中国如今过分的财富分配不均必然会导致大规模民众的抱怨。”
Most Powerful
极权
The National People’s Congress, whose annual meeting will run for a week and a half, is legally the highest governmental body in China. While the legislature, with about 3,000 members, is often derided as a rubber stamp parliament, its members are some of China’s most powerful politicians and executives, wielding power in their home provinces and weighing in on proposals such as whether to impose a nationwide property tax.
作为法律上的中国最高政府机构的全国人民代表大会的年度例会将会开上一周半。这个拥有3000名成员的立法机关也经常被老百姓讥笑为只开会不办事儿的政府衙门。人大的很多成员都是中国的很有权力的政治家和管理者，他们只会提出一些诸如在全中国范围内百姓资产上增加税收的提议。
“The NPC is not exactly what you would call a center of power, but being on it certainly gets you deeply engaged in the political system,” Lieberthal said.
“人民代表大会不只是人们所称的权力中心，它也可以使你深入了解这个政治制度，”Kenneth Lieberthal还说。
Hurun, a Shanghai-based publisher of magazines targeted at the Chinese luxury consumer, uses publicly available information such as corporate filings to compile its annual list of the richest people in China. It then cross-checks that data with the government’s list of NPC members.
总部位于上海的针对中国奢侈品消费的杂志出版商——胡润经常公布其所得到的像来自企业档案的信息，并使用它们编译自己的年度中国富人榜。你可以将其与政府的人大代表的名单进行对比并可以发现一些事实。 Zong Qinghou, chairman of beverage-maker Hangzhou Wahaha Group and China’s second-richest person, with a family fortune of 68 billion yuan, is a member. So is Wu Yajun, chairwoman of Beijing-based Longfor Properties Co. She has family wealth of 42 billion yuan, according to the Hurun Report.
人大代表宗庆后是家庭资产已达68亿元人民币的饮料生产厂商杭州娃哈哈集团的董事长，同时他也取得了中国富人榜的榜眼。另一个人大代表吴亚军，北京龙湖房地产有限公司的董事长，根据胡润富人榜的报告，她的家庭资产为42亿元人民币。
Jiang’s Pushing
江的推动
Former President Jiang Zemin pushed for the inclusion of wealthy private entrepreneurs into the Communist Party a decade ago. Now they have regular access to top party leaders who are also NPC members.
在前国家主席江泽民执政的十年里，他让很多富有的私企老板入了党。如今他们经常有规律的接触那些身居顶端的共产党领导人，当然，他们也是全国人大的代表。
The third-richest person in the NPC, auto-parts magnate Lu Guanqiu, traveled with Vice President Xi Jinping to the U.S. during his official visit this month, attending a meeting with Vice President Joseh Biden and Treasury Secretary Timothy F. Geithner in Washington on Feb. 14.
全国人大里第三大富有的人，这个月全国汽车零部件巨头卢冠丘随同国家副主席习近平对美国进行官方访问，他2月14日在华盛顿随同出席了中方与美国副总统约瑟夫·拜登和财政部部长蒂莫西·F·盖特纳的会议。
“The rich in China have strong incentive to become ‘within system’ due to the relative weakness in the rule of law and of property rights,” Victor Shih, a professor at Evanston, Illinois-based Northwestern University who studies Chinese politics and finance, wrote in an e-mail. Being a member of the NPC “means that one’s commercial or political rival cannot easily throw one in jail or confiscate one’s property.”
“由于在法律和面前，仅仅拥有金钱还不能证明自己的能力，成为‘体制内的人’也就对中国的富人们更加具有吸引力，”位于美国伊利诺伊州埃文斯通小镇的西北大学研究中国政治与金融的教授Victor Shih在其电子邮件中写到。作为一名人大代表意味着某人在商业或政治方面拥有较普通人更加特殊的权利，主要体现在对此人量刑或没收财产方面。
Richest Woman
最富有的女人
Wu, who is China’s richest woman, doesn’t give media interviews, her spokeswoman said. Lu wasn’t available for an interview, his spokesman said. Zong wouldn’t comment on the makeup of the NPC because that’s a matter determined by the central government, Wahaha spokesman Shan Qining said in a phone interview.
中国最富有的女人吴亚军和汽车零部件巨头卢冠丘的发言人分别向媒体表明，他们的老板都不会接受采访。根据中央政府的相关规定，宗庆后也不会发表针对人大会议的任何评论。哇哈哈发言人单启宁只是接受了媒体的电话采访。
Many of the NPC’s richest members, including Longfor’s Wu, are executives in real estate, a sector that has spurred protests and contributed to the rising wealth gap between city dwellers and farmers.
大多数人大代表中的富人，类似像龙湖房地产的吴亚军都是房地产行业的高层主管。房地产业也在不断拉大着城市居民和农村居民的贫富差距。
A land grab by a property developer in Wukan, a fishing town in southern China’s Guangdong province, sparked protests in December that resulted in the expulsion of its Communist Party leaders. Premier Wen Jiabao has pledged to crack down on such land grabs and work to ease wealth disparities.
广东省乌坎事件的起因就是房地产开发商对当地老百姓土地的不合理抢夺，这个原因间接导致了12月发生在当地的针对党和政府的抗议活动。温家宝总理已经承诺打击这种类似的强占土地的行为并且尝试做一些缓解贫富差距的工作。
China’s top political leaders, including President Hu Jintao and Wen, don’t disclose their personal finances or those of their families.
中国的高级领导人，包括胡锦涛主席和温家宝总理都不会透露他们的个人或者家庭的财务数据。
Chinese private executives such as Zong and Lu have built their fortunes on the back of economic growth that has averaged 10.1 percent in the last 30 years. The U.S. economy expanded by an average annual rate of 2.7 percent in the same period.
像宗庆后和卢冠丘一样的中国私企老板们已经在过去30年年平均经济增长率10.1%的背后创造了他们自己的财富。美国在同一时期的年平均经济增长率为2.7%。
Out Of Poverty
摆脱贫困
Regular Chinese have also benefited from the growth of China’s economy, which surpassed Japan as the world’s second biggest in 2010. Since introducing free-market policies, China has lifted 300 million of its 1.3 billion citizens out of poverty, according to the United Nations.
2010年中国超越日本成为全球第二大经济体，中国人也从不断增长的中国经济中获得了利益。根据联合国的调查，自从推行市场经济以来，中国13亿公民中的3亿人已经拜托了贫穷的困扰。
Annual growth of per capita GDP in China was 9.8 percent at the end of 2010. Per capita GDP has more than doubled since 2000, according to the World Bank.
截止2010年年底，中国的人均国内生产总值的念平均增长率为9.8%。根据世界银行的统计数据，2000年以后中国人均国内生产总值以超过一倍。
The wealth gap between legislatures holds with statistically comparable samples. The richest 2 percent of the NPC -- 60 people -- had an average wealth of $1.44 billion per person. The richest 2 percent of Congress -- 11 members -- had an average wealth of $323 million.
立法机关中的贫富差距拥有统计学可比样本。人大代表中最富有的2%——60人——平均资产为14.4亿美元。而美国国会中最富有的2%——11人——平均资产则为3.23亿美元。
The U.S. figures come from a downloadable database on the website of the Washington-based Center for Responsive Politics. The U.S. figures are inflated because the database includes members of Congress who were retired or defeated in the 2010 elections as well as their replacements.
美国方面的数据来源于一个总部设在华盛顿的政治活动中心的网络资料库中。美国的数据已经被夸大了，因为这些资料包括哪些已经退休或者在2010年被击败而取代的的国会议员。
Issa’s Wealth
伊萨的财富
The wealth of members of Congress did increase at a higher rate than that of their Chinese peers in the most recent disclosures as U.S. equity markets outperformed China’s. The average wealth of the richest 2 percent of Congress rose 22 percent in 2010 from 2009. The Standard and Poor’s 500 Index rose 12.8 percent in 2010.
在大量已经被公开出来的有关美国胜过中国的股票市场方面，美国国会的有钱人的高增长率优于他们在中国的同类人。美国国会最富有的2%的议员的平均财富增长从2009年到2010年上升了22%，另外在2010年，贫穷标准的500指数上升了12.8%。
The wealth of the top 2 percent of NPC delegates rose 13 percent in the 2011 Hurun list following a 14.3 percent fall in the Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index in 2010 and a further 21.7 percent drop last year. Hong Kong’s Hang Seng dropped 20 percent in 2011 and the Shenzhen Composite fell 33 percent in the same period.
人民代表大会中的2%的那些富人成员的财富在在2011年上升了13%，胡润百富榜的财富2010年在上海证券交易所综合指数下跌了14.3%，去年进一步下跌了33%。同一时期，香港恒生指数在2011年下降了20%，深圳综合指数下降了33%。
The wealthiest member of the U.S. Congress is Representative Darrell Issa, the California Republican who had a maximum wealth of $700.9 million in 2010, according to the center. If he were in China’s NPC, he would be ranked 40th. Per capita income in China is about one-sixth the U.S. level when adjusted for differences in purchasing power.
美国国会最富有的成员在2010年是加利福尼亚共和党众议员达雷尔·伊萨，他在2010年的最高净资产为7.009亿美元。如果把他放到中国人民代表大会里，他将排在第40位。当购买力的差异被调整后，中国人的人均收入已经达到美国的人均收入的六分之一的水平。
‘Cozy Relationship’
“良好的关系”
Financial disclosure forms ask lawmakers and other top U.S. officials to list the value of their individual assets in ranges, such as $1,001 to $15,000 or $1,000,001 to $5,000,000. Bloomberg News used the maximum range of wealth on the U.S. disclosures to compare with the Chinese NPC.
财政公开的形式要求立法者和其他的美国高级官员列出他们个人的资产所处的范围，例如1001美元到1,5000美元或者是100,0001美元到500,0000美元。Bloomberg新闻社使用美国政府公开的最大的范围比较中国人民代表大会代表资产和美国国会议员资产水平。 Rupert Hoogewerf, chairman and chief researcher for the Hurun Report, estimates that for every Chinese billionaire the company discovers for its list, there is another one it misses, meaning the gap between the wealth of China’s NPC and the U.S. Congress may be greater still.
Rupert Hoogewerf， 胡润百富董事长兼首席研究员，估计每一个中国亿万富翁的公司时发现，有一项可能使中国全国人大和美国国会之间财富差距拉得更大的东西被遗忘了。
“The prevalence of billionaires in the NPC shows the cozy relationship between the wealthy and the Communist Party,” said Bruce Jacobs, a professor of Asian languages and studies at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia. “In all levels of the system there seem to be local officials in cahoots with entrepreneurs, enriching themselves, and this has led to a lot of the demonstrations.”
“亿万富翁当选人大代表的流行说明了共产党与金钱之间‘良好的合作关系’，”澳大利亚墨尔本莫纳什大学亚洲语言和研究教授布鲁斯·雅各布斯说。“各级政府系统似乎都在与企业家相互勾结，共谋利益，这也导致了相当多的抱怨与示威。
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发表于 2012-2-29 14:38
