本帖最后由 woikuraki 于 2012-3-31 13:51 编辑
【中文标题】适合女性的五大“圣地”
【原文标题】Five Surprisingly Good Places to Be a Woman
【来源地址】 http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/03/07/five_surprisingly_good_places_to_be_a_woman?page=0,4
【译者】sharond185
【翻译方式】人工
【声明】欢迎转载，请务必注明译者和出处 bbs.m4.cn
【正文】
Five Surprisingly Good Places to Be a WomanWe're always hearing about how swell it is in Sweden -- but how about Lesotho and Latvia?
BY DAVID KENNER, URI FRIEDMAN | MARCH 7, 2012
适合女性的五大“圣地”我们总是听到说在瑞典有多好有多棒，那在莱索托（非洲国家）和拉脱维亚（东北欧国家）又怎么样呢？大卫 肯纳，尤瑞 费里德曼 2012年3月7日报导
When we think about the best places in the world to be a woman, Northern Europe typically springs to mind. And, indeed, countries such as Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden are perennial heavyweights in rankings of gender equality. Sweden, for goodness' sake, offers women (fine, men too) 480 days of paid maternity leave -- at 80 percent of salary -- which can be taken at any point until the child is 8 years old. But the picture is more diverse than you might think. As the Independent recently pointed out, Rwanda is the only nation on the planet in which females make up the majority of parliamentarians, while Burundi is the only country where women have higher labor-force participation (92 percent of working-age females) than men (88 percent). 当我们说起全世界最适合女性待的地方，我们马上就会想到典型的北欧。确实，像芬兰，冰岛，挪威和瑞典这样的（北欧）国家，在两性平等上一直都是重量级“人物”。瑞典，噢，天哪，女性可以享受480天的带薪产假（好吧，男的也可以）-其中薪水可以拿到平常的80%，并且你可以在孩子满8周岁前任一时候享用。但是情况可能比你想象的更为不同。最近（英国）《独立报》指出，卢旺达（东非国家）是现今地球上唯一一个国会议员里女性占大多数的国家，而布隆迪（非洲国家）则是唯一一个女性劳力(92个百分点)超过男性劳力（88个百分点）的国家。
During the 101st International Women's Day on Thursday, March 8, there will no doubt be much talk of the work that must still be done to achieve greater gender equality. Women, Oxfam notes, earn only 10 percent of the world's income but clock two-thirds of the world's working hours. They hold a mere 14 percent of the world's parliamentary seats (see this great visualization of women in politics) and make up more than two-thirds of the 1.3 billion people living in extreme poverty across the globe. 在3月8日周四的第101个国际妇女节里，毫无疑问会涉及到很多关于如何获得更多两性平等的谈话。 乐施会（一个国际扶贫组织）指出，（女性）分摊了全世界3分之2的工作时间，但收入却只占了世界总收入的百分之十。她们只拥有全球百分之14这样极少数的议会席位（从这里可以看到女性政治的光辉形象），却帮助了全球13亿生活在极端贫困里超过三分之二数量的女性。
Yet the World Economic Forum (WEF)'s 2011 ranking of 135 countries by the economic, educational, health, and political gaps between men and women also surfaces a handful of nations that are doing surprisingly well when it comes to narrowing gender disparities. Here's a look at five that jumped out to us. 135个国家在2011年的世界经济论坛上关于经济，教育，健康及政治差异方面的排名显示，有少数国家在在缩小两性差距上做的很好。下面我们就来看一下这五个国家。
PHILIPPINES 菲律宾 Not only does the Philippines appear eighth overall on WEF's list, but it ranks first in "educational attainment" and "health and survival"and was the only Asian country to close the gender gap in those categories in 2011. Just this week, the country's Senate passed a bill aimed at ending gender discrimination in the workplace. A 2009 "Magna Carta of Women" promises that the state will "provide the necessary mechanisms to enforce and guarantee the realization of women's rights." Childbearing, however, remains a contentious issue among Filipinos, 80 percent of whom are Catholics. Abortion is illegal, and access to contraception is not widespread. The World Bank estimates that 20 percent of Filipino women who want contraceptives can't get them. 菲律宾不仅在世界经济论坛上综合排名第八，还在“教育成就”和“健康与生存”这两项中排名第一，同时也是2011年第一个在上述各个项目里消除性别差异的亚洲国家。就在这周，参议院还刚刚通过了一个旨在消除工作场所间的性别歧视的法案。2009年的“女性宪法”承诺国家会“提供必要的机制来加强以及保证女性权益的实现。” 然而，在菲律宾人眼里，分娩仍然是一个有争议性的话题，当中的菲律宾人有百分之八十都是天主教徒。（在她们看来）堕胎是非法的，避孕也是小众的，不被接受的。世界银行估计想要避孕药的这百分之二十菲律宾女性都是拿不到（这药）的。
Seven out of WEF's top 10 countries are in Europe, so perhaps it's no surprise to see Spain in the 12th slot. What is surprising, however, are the rapid strides Spain has made in recent years to get to its current position. Back in the 1970s, after all, the Spanish government did not allow women to serve as witnesses in court or open bank accounts by themselves. Former Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, who governed from 2004 to 2011 and proudly proclaimed himself a feminist, made women's rights one of the central concerns of his government. At the start of his second term in 2008, his cabinet featured nine women and eight men -- making it the first government in Europe to be made up of a majority of women. But despite these impressive improvements, much work remains to be done: Spanish women still earn, on average, 30 percent less than men. 在经济论坛的前十个国家里有七个都是欧洲国家，所以我们可能不会惊讶西班牙会排在12的位置上，但是我们该惊讶的是西班牙为了能站在现在这个位置上在近年来所做出的巨大跨越。毕竟追溯到20世纪70年代，西班牙政府是不允许女性上法庭作证的，也不允许她们为自己开办银行户口。 从2004年到2011年执政的前任西班牙首相何塞·路易斯·罗德里格斯·萨帕特罗骄傲地宣布他自己是一个男女平等主义者，使女性的权益成为政府的主要关注点，在他08年第二任期的开端，他的内阁有九名女性，八名男性，这使得他成为欧洲第一个女性为主的政府。虽然有了这些令人印象深刻的改善进步，任然有许多工作需要做：因为西班牙女性的平均收入任然比男性少30个百分点。
AFRICA/LESOTHO 非洲/莱索托 South Africa and Lesotho, a kingdom completely surrounded by South Africa, are the only two countries in sub-Saharan Africa that make it into WEF's top 20. South Africa fares particularly well on political empowerment -- women currently comprise 45 percent of Parliament. Two South African women are also represented on Forbes's list of most powerful women: Absa Bank CEO Maria Ramos and Nonkululeko Nyembezi-Heita, who runs Arcelor Mittal South Africa, the largest steel producer in Africa. Lesotho actually scores better than South Africa in gender equality, boasting no gapbetween men and womenin WEF's education and health indicators. But while it may be more equal, Lesotho is also in much worse shape: Its annual per capita income hovers around $1,000, according to World Bank figures, about one-sixth that of South Africa. Meanwhile, life expectancy in Lesotho is only 47 years -- a full five years less than its larger neighbor. 南非和莱索托（一个完全被南非所环绕的国中之国），他们是撒哈拉以南非洲唯一的两个打入世界经济论坛前20的国家。南非在政治赋权上处理的特别好—女性目前占国会百分之四十五的比例。南非联合银行的CEO玛利亚 拉莫斯和南非最大钢材制造商安赛乐米塔尔的CEO Nonkululeko Nyembezi-Heita 已经登上福布斯最强大女性榜单。 实际上莱索托在两性的的分数上是高过南非的，它声称用经济论坛的教育和健康指标来说，莱索托的女性和男性在这方面是没有差别的。虽然莱索托可能更平等，但是其国内状况并不好：根据世界银行数据表明，它的年人均收入徘回在1000美金，大概只是南非的六分之一。同时，它的预期寿命只有47岁，比起其强大的邻居来说，它整整少了5岁。
Latvia has its problems -- it took some hard hits during the global financial crisis, for example -- but it continues to boast a strong record on gender equality. As of 2010, women constituted 71 percent of the Baltic state's university graduates, 50 percent of its Supreme Court judges, and 45 percent of those employed in its research and development sector. Latvia's first female president, Vaira Vike-Freiberga, oversaw Latvia's entrance into the European Union in 2004. Latvia scores particularly high marks on education and health equality, but still suffers from significant income inequality between the genders. According to the World Bank, Latvian women make roughly 80 cents, on average, for every dollar that their male counterparts take home. 拉脱维亚有它自己的问题—比如在全球经济危机时受到了严重打击，但是它还一直鼓吹它在两性问题上有着优秀的成绩。自2010年起，波罗的海国家的大学毕业生有百分之七十一都是女性，最高法院的法官有百分之五十也是女性，受雇从事研究和发展事业的百分之四十五还是女性。拉脱维亚的第一个女总统瓦伊拉·维基耶-弗赖贝加，在2004年主持了拉脱维亚进入欧盟。 拉脱维亚在教育和健康质量上得分特别高，但是在两性收入上依然存在着严重的收入不均。据世界银行（数据表明），在这些女性丈夫所带回家的一美元里，她们平均创造出了80美分的价值。
In 2011, Cubafinished 20th on WEF's index, securing the top spot in Latin America and the Caribbean on the strength of its large proportion of women in the professional and technical workforce (60 percent of these workers are female) and parliament (43 percent), and high enrollment in primary, secondary, and tertiary education. Yet there are some troubling realities behind the numbers. Cuba scholar Ilja Luciak has pointed out that there's an inverse relationship between the power of Cuban political institutions and women's presence in those organizations (the meek Cuban National Assembly, for instance, is 43 percent female, while the influential Central Committee and Politburo are less than 15 percent female). A 2009 Oxfam report noted that two cultural models are colliding in Cuba: "a machista or male chauvinist model, which discriminates against women and still persists in society today; and a new model that values women's right to equal opportunity." 2011年，古巴在世界经济论坛指数上排名第20位，以其高数量女运动员和技术人员（女性占百分之六十），国会人员（女性占百分之四十三）和女性在初级中级高等教育中的高输入量，保住了它在拉丁美洲和加勒比海的榜首位置。 但是在这些数字背后却存在一些麻烦。古巴学者Ilja Luciak指出，古巴政治制度的权力和女性参与这些机构这一现象是相抵抗的（比如，温顺的古巴国名议会有百分之四十三的女性，但是在有影响力的中央委员会和政治局里，女性的比例却不足百分之十五）。2009年的乐施会报告指出，两种文化模式在古巴相碰撞：“machista或大男子主义，一种歧视女性却仍然存在的观念，另一种新的模式就是重视女性享有平等机会的权利”。
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发表于 2012-3-12 17:30
