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【中文标题】每天下班时要做的14件事
【原文标题】14 Things You Should Do at the End of Every Work Day
【登载媒体】福布斯
【原文作者】Jacquelyn Smith
【原文链接】http://www.forbes.com/sites/jacquelynsmith/2012/08/28/14-things-you-should-do-at-the-end-of-every-work-day/
如果充分地利用每天工作结束前的几个小时，可以对第二天的工作效率产生大幅度的影响。所以为了一个成功的明天，你很有必要设置一个结束工作时的习惯动作。在职场专家Lynn Taylor、David Shindler、Michael Kerr、Anita Attridge、Alexandra Levit和Michael Woodward的帮助下，我汇总了每天离开办公室前应当完成的14件事。
回顾你的任务清单
一家职业规划组织“五点钟俱乐部”的教练Anita Attridge说，确保这些工作的进展符合你的预期，并且尽可能多地完成这些事情。“如果你对工作的进展不满意，要计划好你该怎么办，以及什么时候做这些事情，这样你才不会被落下更远。”如果你能快速你做好一些事情，那就赶紧去作，这可以给第二天早晨节省很多时间。
浏览你第二天的工作计划
一定要知道第二天有哪些会议和沟通，你还可以利用这个机会安排好跟进今天没有完成的工作的时间。就业指导专家、《学会跳跃》一书的作者David Shindler说：“有些人喜欢在头脑中想象具体的情形，在心理上和身体上为第二天的第一项工作做好准备。想象你在明天最期待的一件事情，可以帮助你摆脱今天工作的困扰，调整你的情绪，彻底结束今天的工作。”
与你的老板和同事打招呼
职场专家、《驯服办公室暴君》一书的作者Lynn Taylor建议，这要取决与你的老板事必躬亲的程度，你或许可以和TA讨论一下项目的进展，可以从其他同事那里了解到工作的最新进展。还可以确定一下各项工作的截止时间，以及大家对很多问题的理解是否一致。
收拾整理
组织心理学家、《你的计划》一书的作者Michael Woodward说，没人喜欢在乱七八糟的环境中工作，尤其是工作压力大的时候。出门前，花几分钟收拾好垃圾、整理好文件、清理办公桌，可以让你在第二天早晨来到办公室的时候有清新的感觉。你还应该清理一下收件箱。“下班前拿出15分钟来清理那些不必要的抄送、聚会邀请和垃圾邮件。如果你的收件箱堆得太满，你就无法关注真正重要的邮件。”
完成非高峰时间的工作
每天工作结束的时候，最好用来处理一些不需要电话联系的工作。Taylor说：“当电话和其它使你不能集中精力的因素减少的时候，你可以从容地处理电子邮件、报告、文件，或者思考项目的进展。”在你已经充分利用高峰时间与别人联系、沟通之后，你可以用获得的这些信息整理手头的工作。每天工作结束时，你就应该决定好第二天早晨的第一件工作是什么。
尽量了结
Woodward说，要尽量做完悬而未决的事情，这样你才能轻松地离开办公室，一定不要遗漏任何你可以很快解决的问题。“总有事情让你牵挂的感觉太糟糕了。”Attridge也赞同这一点，她建议花几分钟回复本应处理的邮件，回答简单的问题，或者与本来计划会面的同事做沟通。
制定新的任务清单
Attridge说，确定你在第二天有哪些工作必须完成，时间的分配大致如何。你或许可以在第二天早晨更新你的任务清单，但头天晚上先有一个大致的计划也不是坏事。Taylor说：“根据今天的工作进展来更新你的任务清单，可以让你走在时间的前面。任何能让你在早晨顺利开始工作的准备，都能让你的一天，甚至你的职业变得更加有效率。”
回想你的一天
Shindler说，可惜的是大部分人都不会这么做，他们一完成手头的工作就会一溜烟跑出门。但是如果你花点时间回想一下，这一天里你完成了哪些工作、取得了哪些成绩，你走出办公室的脚步就会变得更轻松。
说再见
跨国商人、《工作中的幽默》一书的作者Michael Kerr说，在工作中形成一些能帮助我们感到充实、愉快的习惯动作，或者仪式，是非常重要的，“这样我们在回到家时，才会感到精力充沛，而不是疲惫不堪。”其中一件事情就是对你的同事说再见。“我们一般会重视早晨上班时要说早上好，因为这是一天的开始。但是我们常常忘记再见的重要性，它也能让我们感到愉快。一定要向每个人友好、恰当地说再见，而不是默默地消失在暮色中。如果你是一名主管，再见就更加重要了。”
说两句赞美的话
记录一些进展顺利的工作，表扬一个取得成绩的同事，或者给客户发一封感谢邮件。Woodward说：“这样做的目的是找到一些能让你对工作保持好心情的正面的事情，确保这是你在离开办公室之前的最后一个感觉。”Taylor对此表示赞同：“如果你有下属，下班前要说一些鼓励的话。大部分人都希望感觉到他们被需要，他们在为公司的大目标做出贡献。”
注意节能
《盲点：成功道路上你无法看到的10个商业秘密》一书的作者Alexandra Levit说，记得关闭电灯和其它电子设备。
停止工作
Woodward说，毫不犹豫地关闭手机，或者至少关闭电子邮件提醒功能，并且告诉所有的人。在你走出办公室的时候，告诉你的同事你将停止工作，并且坚持这样做。“要给你的家人和朋友留出时间。”
把压力留在办公室
确保不要把工作压力带回家。Woodward说：“每天离开办公室是件困难的事情，但是把工作压力带回家并没有任何帮助。你的家人需要你，尽一切可能把工作压力留在办公室。”
回家
Taylor说，别因为会议的拖延而最后一个离开办公室，这样你会感到疲惫，工作效率会降低。努力工作与只为给别人留下好印象而无所事事地拖延时间是两回事，还不如计划好明天的工作，好好休息，迎接一个清醒的早晨。“如果不止一个人说你是‘工作狂’，或者你突然忘记了自己宠物的名字，那么你应该想办法只做80％的工作，而不是110％的工作。这样你才可以让自己的工作规律更有效率。” Shindler说：“别因为老板还在办公室所以你也不离开，也别一到下班时间说走就走，因为你同事们可能还需要你的帮助。只用正确的方法做正确的事情。”
原文：
The last few hours of the work day can have a significant effect on your level of productivity the following day—so it’s important you have an end-of-day routine that sets you up for success the next morning. With the help of career and workplace experts Lynn Taylor, David Shindler, Michael Kerr, Anita Attridge, Alexandra Levit and Michael “Dr. Woody” Woodward, I compiled a list of 14 things all workers should do before the leave the office.
Evaluate your to-do list.
Make sure you are where you need to be on these activities and that you’ve accomplished as much as you could, says Anita Attridge, a career and executive coach with the Five O’Clock Club, a career coaching organization. “If you aren’t satisfied with where you are, plan what you need to do and when you will do it so you don’t get further behind.” If you could quickly get something done before you leave, do it. This will save you time the next morning.
Review your schedule for the next day.
Make sure you’re aware of any meetings or calls for the following day. You can also use this opportunity to schedule time on your calendar to accomplish any remaining items from today’s to-do list.
“Some people like to visualize, make a mental or physical note of what is on their schedule first thing the next day,” says David Shindler, an employability specialist and author of Learning to Leap. “Think about one thing you are most looking forward to tomorrow. It will help you leave behind what’s happened today, enrich your current mood and help to put a full stop to your working day.”
Check in with your boss and colleagues.
Depending on how hands-on your boss is, you may want to visit with him or her to discuss the status of any projects you’re working on, suggests says Lynn Taylor, a national workplace expert and author of Tame Your Terrible Office Tyrant. You’ll also want to get end-of-day updates from co-workers.
This is also a great opportunity to double-check deadlines and confirm that everyone is on the same page.
Tidy up.
Nobody likes the feeling of walking into a mess, especially when you are under the gun, says Michael “Dr. Woody” Woodward, PhD, organizational psychologist and author of The YOU Plan. Before walking out the door take a few minutes to toss any trash, organize your paperwork and straighten up your desk. This will give that feeling of a fresh start when you arrive the next morning.
You should also clean out your in-box. “Block off at least 15 minutes at the end of your day to sort through those unnecessary CCs, happy hour invitations, and random solicitations,” he says. "E-mails can stack-up fast and it’s easy to miss those critical ones when your in-box gets too backed-up.”
Complete non-peak hour work.
The end of the day is the best time to handle paperwork and tasks that don't require phone contact. “E-mails, reports, status memos and thinking projects are best handled when phone calls, texts and other distractions have subsided,” Taylor says. Hopefully, you've maximized the peak hours to contact the people you need so that you can complete the administrative side of your job armed with their input. The end of the day is the time to determine who you need to reach first thing in the morning.
Get closure.
Be sure to tie up any loose ends so that you can truly disconnect when you walk out the door, Woodward says. Be sure not to leave anything hanging that can quickly be taken care of. “There is nothing worse than having that feeling of something hanging over your head,” he says.
Attridge agrees. She suggests you take a few minutes to send that e-mail you’ve been meaning to send, respond to that request that you can quickly answer, or touch base with a colleague you been meaning to see.
Make a new to-do list.
Determine what you must accomplish the next day and have a plan of how you will use your time to manage your priorities, Attridge says. You’ll probably update or expand your to-do list the following morning, but it doesn’t hurt to compile a preliminary list the night before.
“Based on the day's events and input, reflect those changes on your master to-do list so that when you start your day, you're that much further ahead of the game,” Taylor says. “Anything you can do to have a head start in the morning will help you achieve more productive days and a more productive career.”
Reflect on the day.
Unfortunately most people don’t do this. They’ll run out the door the second they’re done with their work. But if you can make time to reflect on your best achievement or success that day, you could end up walking out with a spring in your step, Shindler says.
Say good bye.
Michael Kerr, an international business speaker, author and president of Humor at Work, says it’s important to create routines and rituals at work that will helps us feel more fulfilled and happy in the long run, “so that we go home feeling reenergized and inspired, instead of fried and dead tired.” One simple routine that falls into this category is saying a proper good bye to your colleagues. “We tend to think about the importance of checking in and saying good morning to kick off the day, but we forget that it can be just as important, and make us feel good as well, to say a friendly and proper good bye to everyone rather than just silently drift off into the night. This is triply important if you are the supervisor.”
Leave on a positive note.
Take note of something that went well, compliment a co-worker on an accomplishment, or drop a thank you note to a client, Woodward says. “The idea is to find something positive that makes you feel good about your job and make sure that moment is the last thing on your mind before walking out the door.”
Taylor agrees. “If you have people reporting to you, say a few words of encouragement before you head for the door,” she says. “Most workers want to feel appreciated and know they're making a difference in the big picture.”
Be green.
Turn off your lights and equipment, suggests Alexandra Levit, the author of Blind Spots: The 10 Business Myths You Can’t Afford to Believe on Your New Path to Success.
Disconnect.
Don’t be afraid to shut down your smartphone or at least shut off the e-mail alerts, Woodward says. Let people know about it. When you walk out that door be sure to tell your colleagues the period of time you will be unavailable and stick to it. "It’s important to be present for your family and friends," he says.
Leave your stress at the door.
When you walk out that door commit to leaving your stress behind. “Leaving the office at the end of the day can be tough, but carrying your stress home with you won’t serve any good,” Woodward says. “Your family needs you to be present, so do what you can to make sure your stress stays at the office.”
Go home.
Don't aim to be the last to leave for the sake of face time, Taylor says. You'll wear yourself out and your productivity will slip. It's one thing to be a hard worker, another to hang around for Brownie points, achieving nothing. Better to plan for the next day, get rest and be clear-headed in the morning. “If more than one person has labeled you a ‘workaholic’ or you've forgotten the name of your pet golden retriever, it may be time to do '80%' and not give 110%,” Taylor says. “Then you may normalize your work patterns more effectively.”
Shindler adds: “Don’t stay just to keep up with the boss. Don’t leave just because you can. Your colleagues may depend on you. Do the right things and do things right.”
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