【时代周刊 20150512】历史上25对最有影响力的夫妇

满仓

【中文标题】历史上25对最有影响力的夫妇
【原文标题】The 25 Most Influential Marriages of All Time
【登载媒体】时代周刊
【原文作者】Lisa Grunwald
【原文链接】http://time.com/3843579/influential-marriages/


那些发誓“我愿意”并且改变了世界的夫妇。

今天，我们齐聚一堂，宣布26个男人和24个女人为历史上最具影响力的夫妇。在我询问是否有反对意见之前，我希望先澄清一下：影响力和声望并不等同。名声（比如斯佳丽和瑞德）并不等于影响力，影响力（比如迈克尔•麦克康纳和杰克•贝克尔）也不一定等于声望。

列表中之所以包括这些夫妇，是因为他们通过各种方式留下了，或者正在留下永久的印记（比如霍默和玛姬•辛普森，就是色彩极为丰富的一对夫妻）。我的丈夫和我对这些夫妇了如指掌，因为我们花了6年时间为一本书《婚姻手记》收集新鲜的资料。这里仅仅是我们研究过的数千对夫妇中的25对——无论是在书籍、电影、照片还是虚构的故事中，之所以把他们挑选出来，因为他们共同出现在历史，或者虚构中。你或许会问，邦妮和克莱德呢（他们并没有结婚）？特雷西和赫伯恩呢（他们也没有结婚）？弗拉基米尔•列宁和……？克里斯托弗•哥伦布和……？他们的配偶或许也贡献过力量，但没有对他们的成就起到至关重要的作用。而且，还有很多的配偶更多地扮演了碍事的角色。或许爱因斯坦可以最终提出“统一论”，如果他没有遇见他的妻子米列娃，那个“无法开除的员工”的话。必须承认，列表中的夫妻关系有些并没有得以持续，但是说“我不愿意”并不能抵消他们说“我愿意”时所遗留下来的影响力。


亚当和夏娃


一个男人、一条肋骨、一个花园、一条蛇、一个苹果，接下来我们所知道的，就是人类出现了。没有繁衍就无从谈起影响力。


阿比盖尔和约翰•亚当斯


在大陆会议期间，她向他请求要“记得女士们”，但结果是徒劳的。但是她自己成为了被人永记不忘的妻子、一个密友、第一夫人和不可缺少的顾问。


露西尔•鲍尔和戴西•阿纳兹


作为现实中的夫妇，他们营造了一个虚拟的世界，露西一直在试图脱离——但总是在欢乐中失败——50年代所赋予她的，以及里奇期望她扮演的妻子角色。阿纳兹的婚姻最终破裂，但里卡尔多永远活跃在世界各地。


碧昂丝和Jay Z


音乐届的帝王人物，2008年结婚之后，他们又开启了合作统治时代。他们现在有了一个女儿布鲁•艾维。净身家超过10亿美元的这对夫妇有能力在一夜之间改变世界潮流。


安琪和伊迪斯•邦克


暂且不说他的偏执和她的疯狂，《一家子》中安琪和伊迪斯的爱情让美国人看到了他们性格中的闪光点和黑暗处。


比尔和希拉里•克林顿


成功与丑闻、抗拒与服从，他们之间不可效仿的忠诚代表着克林顿家族无与伦比的政治生涯。从阿肯色州议会大厦，到白宫，到参议院，到国务院，他们的成功与失败造就了让美国人传颂了四分之一个世纪的故事。随着希拉里宣布竞选总统，下一个历史性的篇章刚刚被翻开。


玛丽和皮埃尔•居里


说到婚姻中的化学反应和物理学，居里服务携手在巴黎研究放射性元素。如果没有他们的研究，我们就没有X射线、不能杀灭食物中的微生物、没有不孕不育治疗方案，哦对了，也没有核反应堆。


泽尔达和斯科特•菲茨杰拉德


如果没有这对喜欢跳舞、酗酒和爱情的夫妇，就没有《爵士时代》，甚至没有整个20世纪。他们轻率的生活态度对当代自由的氛围起到了至关重要的作用。斯科特曾经写到：“我们就像是置身于一个从未探索过的巨大谷仓的小孩子。”最终，他们烧毁了这座谷仓。


比尔和梅林达•盖茨


哈佛大学辍学生比尔在自家的车库中思考，为什么电脑硬件可以明码标价地出售，但是软件就被随意使用。在这个问题上的思索缔造了微软，梅林达后来就在这里工作。他们在1994年结婚之后，建立了世界上最大规模的私募基金会。在“赠予誓言”的感召下，很多亿万富翁都追随他们的慈善脚步。


亨利二世和阿基坦的埃莉诺


两人在1152年结婚之后，与宫廷、邻国、他们的6个儿子，甚至相互之间开始了凶狠的明争暗斗。在他们政权的最辉煌时期，他们代表着至尊的权力，控制了大不列颠和法国的大部分土地。


亨利八世和安妮•博林


的确，亨利在与安妮结婚三年之后就把她的脑袋砍下来。但是他与她结婚的原因是他第一任妻子无法生下一个男性继承人，他坚持离婚，并与安妮结婚。后果是亨利被基督教会开除教籍，大改革时代来临了。


佩特和比尔•劳德


在克里斯和布鲁斯•詹纳缔造了卡戴珊世界——包括它的争议、关系、指责和爱情——的几十年前，美国的电视观众就已经对另外一对美国夫妇极为着迷。在70年代初播出的一部12集系列剧《一个美国家庭》中，结婚12年的劳德夫妇同意让摄影机进入他们的家庭。这部系列剧——高潮是儿子兰斯宣布自己是同性恋，佩特告诉比尔她想离婚——完美展现了美国人的真实生活，让劳德一家成为电视真人秀的鼻祖。


约翰和杰奎琳•肯尼迪


他曾经说自己是陪伴杰奎琳•肯尼迪到巴黎去的男人，她的风姿和优雅让白宫具备了被世人传颂的博学和现代化基调，正如卡默洛特一样兼备着魅力和悲剧。


约翰•列侬和小野洋子


的确，她因为拆散甲壳虫乐队而饱受批评，但是他们的结合给了我们那些难以忘记的亲密感——从温馨的蜜月房间，到安妮•莱博维茨拍摄的《滚石》封面照片，小野和赤裸全身、婴儿般搂住他的列侬。一路走来，她对和平的渴望促成了他的标志性作品，想想如果没有《Imagine》将会如何。


路易十六世和玛丽•安托瓦内特


他们在十几岁时结婚，住在凡尔赛豪华的宫殿中。他们注定代表了法国帝王制最后的混乱年代，巨大的赤字、巨额公共债务，以及对穷人“让他们吃蛋糕”的那种蔑视。（译者注：大臣告知玛丽，法国老百姓连面包都没得吃的时候，玛丽天真甜蜜地笑道：“那他们干嘛不吃蛋糕？”历史上玛丽并没有说过这句话，是后人将愤慨宣泄在这位热衷于打扮的皇后身上。）


毛泽东和江青


作为毛的第四任和最后一任妻子，毛夫人是文化大革命中最残忍行为的主导者，她支持红卫兵运动，并将其作为清除所有针对共产主义制度的威胁的重要手段。最终，作为声名扫地的“四人帮”之一，她开创了毛崇拜的宣传机器。


比尔•麦斯特和弗吉尼亚•约翰逊


他们的故事被黄金时段的电视剧传播得广为人知。妇科医生麦斯特和他的研究助理约翰逊不但共同进行科学研究，还分享了一生的生活。他们那些包含了大量数据的重磅性行为研究结果，让他们成为了无数笑话的主题，但归根结底，他们揭开了人类生命最神秘、最复杂部分的面纱。


迈克尔•麦克康纳和杰克•贝克尔


杰克在1969年向迈克尔求婚，迈克尔答应了他的求婚，但是有一个条件，就是要让他们的结合得到法律的认可。在这个问题上穷追不舍最终让他们面对最高法院，1972年，最高法院表示拒绝审理。但是他们所坚持的核心问题——婚姻只限于异性之间，是不合理、具有歧视性的——为一个又一个州将同性婚姻合法化铺平了道路。两年前，他们的家乡明尼苏达州也通过了同性婚姻的法律。


玛丽莲•梦露和乔•迪玛吉奥


他们的婚姻只持续了274天，这位棒球明星和影视界传奇人物最终证明是个错误的结合。他占有欲极强、嫉妒、反复无常，而她是玛丽莲。他们无心缔造的故事让媒体为之疯狂，就像丽兹与迪克、格蕾丝与兰尼埃，甚至黛安娜与查尔斯，他们是当代的第一对明星夫妇。


乔治亚•欧姬芙和阿尔弗雷德•斯蒂格里茨


他先是倾慕于她的绘画作品，之后是她本人。他们是摄影师与模特、情人、夫妻。长期的分居和背叛让他们的感情出现障碍，但他们并没有离婚，知道斯蒂格利茨在1946年去世。他们对现代艺术做出了永远不可磨灭的贡献。


爱娃和胡安•贝隆


左翼阿根廷总统和他富有魅力的第一夫人（在看过音乐剧并为之流泪的观众眼中，就是“艾维塔”）与贫困做斗争，改善公共医疗服务，支持工人改革，把民众的思想与残忍的独裁制度混合在一起。


罗密欧和朱丽叶


他们不顾家庭宿怨，在激情中相互交付终生。尽管这个故事存在着多个版本——或许今后还会更多，诗歌、芭蕾舞，甚至音乐剧《西区故事》，但莎士比亚在16世纪创作的这出悲剧，让罗密欧和朱丽叶成为悲惨的命运和完美的爱情的象征。


埃莉诺和富兰克林•罗斯福


当他在与大萧条和轴心国做斗争时，她利用有限的私人时间向他宣扬自己最感兴趣的进步思想。后来，她把第一夫人的角色转化成昭示天下的讲坛，在那里，她为民权运动和职业女性的权利做斗争。


朱利叶斯和艾瑟儿•罗森博格


他们是红色恐怖无辜的受害者？误入歧途的进步人士？还是把原子弹秘密泄露给俄国人的间谍？对这些问题的争论浓缩在一个特定的年代中，敌人是可怕的，因为他们从不展示自己的真面目。这对有两个孩子的夫妇在几个小时内被先后处以电刑，让冷战增添了一份恐怖的气息。


玛姬和霍默•辛普森


与笨头笨脑的霍默比起来，玛姬既充满热情，又冷静客观，但是他那种毫不动摇、没有条件、不可遏止的爱赢得了她的心，也赢得了我们的心。我们都知道，他远远配不上她。他们之间的和谐共存——他爱慕她，她喜欢自己被爱慕——体现了无数当代婚姻的现状。他们永驻的青春甚至让我们自己的衰老都是值得羡慕的事情。




原文：

The pairs who said "I do" and changed the world

We are gathered here today to anoint these 26 men and 24 women as the most influential married couples of all time. But before I ask if there are any objections, I’d like to start with a clarification: Influence and fame are not the same thing. Fame (think about Scarlett and Rhett) doesn’t always mean influence. And influence (see Michael McConnell and Jack Baker, below) doesn’t always come with fame.

The couples on this list are here because, one way or another, they left or are leaving a lasting mark (some, like Homer and Marge Simpson, quite colorful ones). My husband and I have gotten to know these couples very well in the six years we’ve spent researching marriage for a juicy new anthology, The Marriage Book. They are just 25 of the thousands we met—in books, films, photographs, fables—and they’re here because, more than any others, they live in history—or fiction—together. You might ask: What about Bonnie and Clyde? (Never married.) Tracy and Hepburn? (Same.) Vladimir Lenin and…? Christopher Columbus and…? Their spouses may have helped them, but they weren’t essential to their legacies. And plenty of spouses have been a hindrance more than a help: Maybe Einstein might actually have achieved a Unified Theory if he hadn’t seen his wife, Mileva, as “an employee whom I cannot fire.” To be sure, some of the couples on this list did call it quits. But saying “I don’t” doesn’t diminish the influence they had by saying “I do.”

Adam and Eve

You take a man and his rib, add a garden, a snake, and an apple, and the next thing you know, you have the human race. When there’s no one to influence until you procreate, that’s influence.

Abigail and John Adams

Her plea to him during the Continental Congress to “remember the ladies” proved futile. But she herself was unforgettable as wife, confidante, First Lady, and indispensible advisor.

Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz

As a real-life couple, they created a fictional world in which Lucy was forever trying—and hilariously failing—to escape the confines of the wifely role that the 1950s and Ricky demanded of her. The Arnazes’ marriage ultimately sank, but the Ricardos live on all over the world.

Beyoncé and Jay Z

Individual monarchs of the music industry, they began their combined reign when they married in 2008. They now have a daughter named Blue Ivy, an estimated net worth over $1 billion and the ability to make or break world trends overnight.

Archie and Edith Bunker

His bigotry and her battiness aside, it was the love between Archie and Edith on All in the Family that allowed Americans to look at both the worst and the best in themselves.

Bill and Hillary Clinton

Successes and scandals, defiance and resilience, and an inimitable brand of loyalty have marked the Clintons’ unparalleled political careers. From the Arkansas State Capitol to the White House to the Senate to Foggy Bottom, their wins and losses have shaped the American narrative for a quarter of a century. With Hillary’s new run for the presidency, the next chapter has just begun.

Marie and Pierre Curie

Talk about marital chemistry. And physics. Working side by side in Paris, the Curies were pioneers in the study of radioactivity, without which we would have no x-rays, no ability to kill microorganisms in food, no sterile medical instruments, and, oh, by the way, no nuclear reactors.

Zelda and Scott Fitzgerald

No account of the Jazz Age, or perhaps of the 20th century, can be made without the couple who danced, drank, loved and fought their way through it. Their reckless intensity reflected and encouraged the new freedoms of a modern age. Scott once wrote: “We felt like small children in a great bright unexplored barn.” Eventually, they burned the barn down.

Bill and Melinda Gates

In his garage, Harvard dropout Bill pondered why computer hardware was sold but computer software was just passed around. From that question grew Microsoft, where Melinda eventually went to work. Married in 1994, they created the largest private foundation in the world, and, with the “Giving Pledge,” successfully urged other billionaires to follow their philanthropic lead.

Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine

The two married in 1152 and were forceful and combative with their court, their neighbors, their six living children and—famously—with each other. At the height of their reign, they were the ultimate power couple, controlling most of the land in Great Britain and France.

Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn

True, Henry had Anne beheaded after just three years. But he married her because his first wife had failed to produce a male heir. His insistence on a divorce so he could marry Anne led directly to Henry’s excommunication by the Catholic Church and thus to the birth of the Reformation.

Pat and Bill Loud

Decades before Kris and Bruce Jenner spawned the Kardashian universe—along with its controversies, revelations, accusations and affections—American TV audiences were spellbound by another married couple. During its twelve weekly episodes in the early 70s, “An American Family” gripped TV viewers as the Louds, married for 21 years with five children, allowed cameras into their home. The series—highlighted by the riveting moments in which son Lance came out as gay and Pat told Bill that she wanted a divorce—was trumpeted as portraying real life, making the Louds the parents of reality TV.

John and Jackie Kennedy

He once introduced himself as the man who accompanied Jacqueline Kennedy to Paris, and her style and elegance set the tone for an erudite yet modern White House that was fated to be remembered, both in its charm and its tragedy, as Camelot.

John Lennon and Yoko Ono

Sure, she was reviled for breaking up the Beatles. But their marriage gave us indelible images of intimacy—from the friendly zoo of their honeymoon bed-in to the Annie Leibovitz–photographed Rolling Stone cover of Yoko with a naked, embryonic John curled around her. Along the way, her passion for peace inspired his signature anthem; Imagine no “Imagine.”

Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

Married in their mid-teens and residing in splendor at Versailles, they were destined to embody (until forcefully disembodied) the final throes of the French monarchy, with its spectacular excesses, huge public debts, and let-them-eat-cake contempt for the poor.

Mao Tse-Tung and Jiang Qing

As Mao’s fourth and last wife, Madame Mao was a partner in some of the most brutal aspects of the Cultural Revolution, supporting the Red Guard as it attempted to purge China of all perceived threats to the Communist order. Eventually, as one of the treacherous “Gang of Four,” she effectively ran the propaganda machine that created and sustained the Cult of Mao.

Bill Masters and Virginia Johnson

Inevitably glamorized by the Showtime series about them, Masters, a gynecologist, and Johnson, initially his research assistant, did share first a mission and then a life. Their groundbreaking numbers-heavy studies of sex made them the punch line of a million jokes, but ultimately contributed to the demystification of one of life’s most miraculous and complex subjects.

Michael McConnell and Jack Baker

Jack proposed to Michael in 1969, and Michael accepted with the proviso that they make the union legal. Their attempt to do just that eventually led them to the Supreme Court, which in 1972 dismissed the case. But the substance of their initial argument—that limiting marriage to opposite-sex couples was irrational and discriminatory—paved the way for legal victories in state after state—including, two years ago, in their home state of Minnesota.

Marilyn Monroe and Joe DiMaggio

Married for 274 days, the baseball giant and the screen legend turned out to be ill-suited and ill-fated. He was possessive, jealous, volatile. She was Marilyn. Their legacy was unintentional, but the multi-media circus that followed them was unprecedented, just warming the world up for the likes of Liz and Dick, Grace and Rainier, even Diana and Charles. They were the first celebrity couple of the modern age.

Georgia O’Keeffe and Alfred Stieglitz

He fell in love first with her drawings, then with her. They became photographer and subject, then lovers, then spouses. Long separations and infidelity were obstacles, yet they remained married until Stieglitz’s death in 1946, and united forever by their contributions to and championing of modern art.

Eva and Juan Peron

The left-wing Argentinian president and charismatic first lady (“Evita” to anyone who’s seen the musical and been tempted to cry for her) fought poverty, sought to improve public health, and backed labor reforms, mixing public-mindedness with a sometimes ruthless authoritarianism.

Romeo and Juliet

They married in passionate defiance of their feuding families. Though there had been other versions of the story—and would be more, in poems, ballets, and even the musical West Side Story—it was the indelibility of Shakespeare’s 16th-century tragedy that made Romeo and Juliet the universal symbols of star-crossed fate and perfect love.

Eleanor and Franklin Roosevelt

While he battled the Great Depression and the Axis Powers, she used their private moments to lobby him on the progressive issues about which she was most passionate. Along the way, she transformed the role of First Lady into a bully pulpit from which she could fight for civil rights and greater workplace opportunities for women.

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

Were they innocent victims of the Red Scare, misguided progressives or traitorous spies who passed atomic secrets to the Russians? The epic debate over these questions encapsulated an era in which the enemy was particularly fearsome because it was so insidious. The married parents of two young sons were electrocuted within hours of each other, adding an extra chill to the Cold War.

Marge and Homer Simpson

Marge is both hotter and cooler than the ever-ditzy Homer, but his unwavering, unconditional, unquenchable love wins her heart and ours even as they, and we, understand that he doesn’t remotely deserve her. Their co-dependency—he adores her, she adores being adored—mirrors millions of modern marriages, and their longevity has somehow made even our own dysfunctions enviable.

每天的晨吟

《时代周刊》的堕落，也不是一天、两天的事儿了。