【11.06.03 洛杉矶时报】中国的“红色歌曲”运动奏响了一些不和谐的音符
【中文标题】中国的“红色歌曲”运动奏响了一些不和谐的音符【原文标题】'Red song' campaign in China strikes some false notes
【登载媒体】洛杉矶时报
【原文作者】Barbara Demick
【原文链接】http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-china-red-20110604,0,6637569.story
共产党90岁生日即将来临，人们都在高唱颂歌。“红色歌曲”最先出现在重庆，由一位雄心勃勃的党内人物发起。一些人看到了文化大革命的影子。
上个月，表演者在北京红色经典餐厅毛泽东像前登台表演，这家餐厅用人们对中国革命年代的怀旧情绪招徕顾客。
来自中国重庆的报道——尽管张蔚希的音乐品味已经达到玛丽亚凯莉和诺拉琼斯的级别，但当她收到一条短信，邀请她在庆祝中国共产党成立90周年的纪念活动中唱毛泽东的赞歌时，她毫不犹豫地接受了邀请。
26岁的张是重庆大学的研究生，她希望能够尽快入党，谋得一份公务员的工作。她说：“我怎么能拒绝呢？我的确觉得这很无聊，但我不敢拒绝。”
1万多名学生和教职员工参加了上个月举办的庆祝活动。尽管张穿着晚礼服登台表演，但其他学生都打扮成红军士兵，戴着红色肩章和臂章。跟随大约1966年中国的军事音乐的节奏，他们肩扛红旗，在学校田径场上表演舞蹈，有节奏地挥胳膊。
用来伴奏的乐曲有《没有共产党就没有新中国》（歌词：他指给了人民解放的道路，他领导中国走向光明……）和《跟着共产党走》（歌词：你是灯塔，照耀着黎明前的海洋，你是舵手，掌握着航行的方向……）。
整个中国都在歌唱赞颂共产党的歌曲。“红色歌曲”运动最早出现在重庆，由党书记薄熙来发起，这位野心勃勃的政治家被认为有可能在政治局常委中谋得一席之地。
据一家国家新闻机构在去年11月份的报道，薄说：“红色歌曲用一种简单、真实、生动的方法描绘了中国前进的方向。不需要具有艺术性……只有不懂装懂的人才喜欢那些莫名其妙的作品。”
随着7月1日的临近——共产党1921年在上海成立的日期，红色歌曲现象已经遍布到全国。在北京的地铁上，电视屏幕在播放运输工人参加红色歌曲比赛。有些地方的卡拉OK俱乐部删除了一些台湾爱情歌曲，鼓励顾客演唱大陆的爱国主义歌曲。
新近树立起来的孔子雕像，在4月底从天安门广场上神秘消失了。据说是毛泽东主义强硬派要求搬走雕像，他们斥责这位古代圣贤是封建思想的余孽。
在评论人士看来，毛泽东思想的复兴似乎昭示大陆要为文化大革命的政治正名。在这个黑暗的年代中，3600万人遭到迫害，75万到150人遭到杀害。
重庆大学的法律系毕业生张艾伦说：“有历史感的人看着这一切，在想人们是否会再次回到那个残酷的年代。”像接受采访的其他学生一样，他也只同意公布他的英文名字。
他说：“红色歌曲比赛让重庆成为其它省市的笑柄。”
中国西南部最大的城市重庆，走在红色复兴道路的前沿。这里最出名的是炎热的天气、辛辣的食物和热情的民众。现在，中文一句相当贴切的双关语把这座城市称为“西红市”（西部红色城市）。
重庆曾经遭受过文化大革命的蹂躏。1966年到1976年，两派对立的红卫兵发生冲突，他们从城市的军工厂中夺取了武器。城市遭到严重破坏，激烈的战斗让大部分居民撤离。
重庆的官员们牢记历史的教训，说参加这项运动完全是自愿的。
负责这个项目的重庆官员徐超在4月份接受党控制的环球时报采访时说：“并不是所有人都被要求歌唱、喜爱这些歌曲，我们在试图最大范围地普及参与者。”
在重庆大学，被要求参加共产党纪念活动的人主要是党员、入党积极分子和尖子学生，这些人把入党当作在政府部门和学术机构谋职的先决条件。
24岁的学生党员陈欧文说：“接到邀请后你只能参加，否则你会被认为政治倾向有问题。在我们国家，有些事情你不得不做。”
邀请发出之后，学生们开玩笑地把“红色歌曲”当作一个动词，互相打趣地说：“我已经被红歌了，你被红歌了吗？”接受邀请意味着在5月11日正式表演之前，每周参加两次排练。
张蔚希说：“我没见到哪个学生满怀激情地唱这些歌。”
活动不仅造成了不便，学生们对政治矫情也感到厌恶。他们说表演就像文化大革命期间的“忠字舞”，手臂从胸口挥向太阳表示无限忠于毛主席。
在当地宣传部门的命令下，重庆卫视停播了一些连续剧，改播爱国主义歌唱大会。从4月20日到5月20日，当地报纸不得不发表一些红歌的歌词，让民众熟悉这些歌曲。
机场外，一个七层楼高的广告牌上画着两腮鲜红的年轻中国学生和工人，敦促公众“唱红歌，传真理，净心灵！”
在公园里，退休的老人架起便携式音箱，排着长队跟随歌颂毛的歌曲起舞。甚至在沙坪坝公园里也是如此，这个公园的隔壁就是一座荒废的墓地，里面埋葬着60年代末期武斗死亡的数千人。
每个星期三和星期五早上7点，66岁的退休教师曹杏芬带领一群退休人员，学习一套复杂的红色音乐舞蹈动作。他们头顶上是杰尼亚和路易威登的广告牌。
曹身材矮小，满头银发，穿着宽松的大红色裤子。她说：“这些歌曲的韵律不错，很容易就随之起舞。”
毫无疑问，红歌的确有真正的拥趸，尤其在老年人中。对他们来说，共产党行军歌曲是他们少年时耳熟能详的旋律。前几天一个凉爽的晚上，有十几个人在人民公园跳舞，旁边一家美容店荧光灯的微弱光线照在他们身上。
55岁的蔡德荣擦着前额的汗珠说：“我们很小就听过这些歌，革命精神伴随我们的成长，我们希望把这种精神传达给我们的孩子。”她的妻子穿着丝质黑白相间的舞蹈服装，正在与一位女伴跳舞。
一位正在休息的中年妇女张谨插进话来说：“我们的经济发展得不错，我们希望向共产党表达感激之情。”
音乐停止之后，一位老者在记者旁边的一个石凳上坐下来，大声表达他截然不同的意见。
60岁的胡嘉庆说：“这些人不敢告诉你实情。他们之所以喜欢跟随红歌跳舞，是因为他们的头脑里只有这些歌曲。在过去的四、五十年里，他们没有听到过其它任何歌曲。政治宣传性歌曲排挤掉了中国正常的民族音乐，就像文化大革命一样，他们在利用这些大规模的运动来掩盖社会问题。”
其他跳舞的人没有一个站出来反对，他们在黑暗中渐渐散去。
原文：
Before the Communist Party's 90th birthday, people are singing in homage. The 'red song' campaign began in Chongqing, launched by an ambitious party figure. Some see shades of the Cultural Revolution.
Performers take to the stage last month near an image of Mao Tse-tung at Beijing's Red Classic restaurant, which capitalizes on nostalgia for China's revolutionary past.
Reporting from Chongqing, China— Although her musical tastes run to Mariah Carey and Norah Jones, Vicy Zhang didn't hesitate when she received an instant message inviting her to sing paeans to Mao Tse-tung at a celebration of the 90th anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party.
"How could I refuse?" said Zhang, a 26-year-old graduate student at Chongqing University who hopes to join the party and have a career in civil service. "I thought it was boring and useless, but I didn't dare say no."
More than 10,000 students and faculty members participated in the event last month. Although Zhang wore an evening gown, other students were dressed as Red Army soldiers, with red epaulets and armbands. Carrying red flags, they danced around a university athletic field with arms swinging rhythmically to martial music harking back to China circa 1966.
Among the musical offerings: "Without the Communist Party, There Would Be No China" (sample lyrics: "It pointed the people to the road to liberation/ It leads China toward brightness") and "Follow the Party" ("You are the lighthouse/Shining on the ocean before dawn/ You are the helmsman").
Throughout China, people are singing and dancing in homage to the Communist Party. The "red song" campaign began in Chongqing, where it was launched by party Secretary Bo Xilai, an ambitious politician who is believed to be angling for a seat on the Standing Committee of the Politburo.
"Red songs depict China's path in a simple, sincere and vivid way," Bo was quoted as saying by state news agencies in November. "There's no need to be artsy.... Only dilettantes prefer enigmatic works."
With the approach of July 1, the date when the Communist Party of China was founded in Shanghai in 1921, the red song phenomenon has spread throughout the nation. In Beijing's subways, television screens show transit employees competing in a red song competition. In some parts of China, karaoke clubs have restricted playlists of Taiwanese love songs in favor of patriotic mainland ballads.
A recently erected statue of Confucius mysteriously disappeared from Beijing's Tiananmen Square in late April. It is believed to have been removed by hard-line Maoists who disparage the ancient sage as a relic of a feudal past.
To critics, the Maoist revival has echoes of the maniacal quest for political correctness during the Cultural Revolution, a dark period when about 36 million people were persecuted and anywhere from 750,000 to 1.5 million killed.
"People with a sense of history look at it and wonder whether it is possible to go back to an era in which cruel things would happen again," said Alan Zhang, a recent law school graduate from Chongqing and blogger who, like other students interviewed, agreed to be quoted using only an English name.
"The red song campaign has made Chongqing a laughingstock," he said.
Chongqing, the largest city in China's southwest, is the front line of the red revival. It has a reputation for hot temperatures, spicy food and the fervor of its populace. Now, in one of those puns for which the Chinese language is so well suited, the metropolis is sometimes called the "tomato," xihongshi, a homonym for "western red city."
The Cultural Revolution ravaged Chongqing. The city experienced some of the heaviest losses of that 1966-76 era as a result of a clash between two rival gangs of Red Guards who seized weapons from the city's munitions factories. They fought so fiercely that much of the population fled.
Stung by the historical references, Chongqing officials have said that participation in the campaign is voluntary.
"It's not that everyone is required to sing and love the songs. What we are seeking is a wider participation," Xu Chao, the Chongqing official in charge of the program, told the party-controlled Global Times in April.
At Chongqing's universities, those invited to participate in Communist Party anniversary celebrations were primarily party members and aspiring party members, many of them top students who see membership as a prerequisite to jobs in government or academia.
"You have to accept when you get an invite, or you will be considered politically incorrect," said Owen Chen, a 24-year-old student and party member. "In our country, these are the kinds of things you have to do."
When the invitations were sent out, students jokingly turned red song into a verb, saying to one another "I've been red songed. Have you been red songed?" Participation meant going to rehearsals up to twice a day in the weeks before the May 11 performance.
"I didn't see a single student who sang these songs with passion," Vicy Zhang said.
It wasn't just the inconvenience; the politics were distasteful to the students too. They said the performances looked just like the "loyalty dance" everybody was required to do during the Cultural Revolution, moving arms from the heart to the sun in a display of boundless devotion to Mao.
Under orders from the local propaganda department, Chongqing satellite television suspended its soap operas in favor of patriotic songfests. From April 20 to May 20, local newspapers had to publish the lyrics to familiarize the populace with the songs.
Outside the airport, a billboard as high as a seven-story building features photographs of pink-cheeked young Chinese students and workers urging the public to "Sing Red Songs! Spread the Truth! Raise Your Spirits!"
In public parks, retirees set up portable stereos and dance in long lines to songs praising Mao, even in Shapingba Park, which is next to an overgrown cemetery where thousands of people killed in the fighting of the late 1960s are buried.
On Wednesday and Friday mornings at 7 a.m., former schoolteacher Cao Xingfen, 66, leads fellow retirees through an elaborate dance routine set to red music, beneath billboards advertising Ermenegildo Zegna suits and Louis Vuitton bags.
"These songs have a good rhythm; it's easy to dance to them," said Cao, a petite, silver-haired fireplug of a woman dressed in red pajamas.
No doubt there is a genuine gusto for red songs, particularly among the older generation, for whom Communist marching songs are the campfire tunes of their childhood. On a balmy recent evening, a dozen people twirled through the dark in Renmin Park, the dancing figures illuminated by slivers of fluorescent light from a nearby beauty salon.
"We know these songs from our youth. We grew up with revolutionary spirit and we want to pass that on to our children," said Cai Derong, 55, who wiped his brow as he watched his wife, dressed for the occasion in a silky black-and-white dress, dance with one of her girlfriends.
"Our economy is good. We want to express our appreciation to the Communist Party," piped in a middle-aged woman, Zhang Jin, who was also taking a break from the dancing.
As soon as the music died, one of the older men sat down on a stone bench next to a reporter and in a loud voice offered up contrary opinion.
"These people are all afraid to tell you the truth. They're dancing to these red songs because it is all they have in their brain. For 40 to 50 years, they've heard nothing else. The propaganda songs have drowned out regular Chinese folk music," said the man, Hu Jiaqing, 60. "It is just like the Cultural Revolution: They're using these big campaigns and movements to cover up their social problems."
None of the other dancers argued. They just drifted away in the dark. 哦 不喜欢我们唱红歌？ 那让我们唱什么呢？美国国歌吗? 现在这个时代是书读的越多越容易被洗脑 所以............ 没感到有什么不和谐呀 现在这个时代是书读的越多越容易被洗脑 所以............
紫玉炎华01 发表于 2011-6-7 13:31 http://bbs.m4.cn/images/common/back.gif
所以中国人都应该不识字，裹小脚，留个大辫子，高呼吾皇万岁万岁万万岁~ 相比邓维护国家所做的，薄还是差了点。薄的行为也不过是邓时代的右派而已。
要是邓在世，绝对同样被批为文革红卫兵。
现在中国的极右本质就是运运余杂，不要把自已伪装成改革的帽子，污了改革的名。反毛反邓，拥美带路才是本质。 本帖最后由 majiazhanghu 于 2011-6-7 14:04 编辑
60岁的胡嘉庆说：“这些人不敢告诉你实情。他们之所以喜欢跟随红歌跳舞，是因为他们的头脑里只有这些歌曲。在过去的四、五十年里，他们没有听到过其它任何歌曲。政治宣传性歌曲排挤掉了中国正常的民族音乐，就像文化大革命一样，他们在利用这些大规模的运动来掩盖社会问题。”
我还真不知道，重庆的红歌都唱了四五十年了，除了红歌什么都没有啊，重庆人民真可怜啊，天天被洗脑了，可怜啊。
看看这话，再去大妓院看看，这玩意，现西霉针对中国的新闻就是直接去大妓院复制粘贴加个排版？这钱真好赚。 薄执行的同样是邓的经济开放路线，政治路线和邓一致。本质上薄属于邓同样的一批人。
这都算文革的话，那些疯狂拉帮结派，以各种媒体自由借口，策划炒作，造势，在体制内后台下打着各种借口，变相搞政治运动的人，不知道算什么。这才是真正的文革。真正搞文革的人指责别人搞文革。 我们应该学习美国日本广泛公开播吟那些人类是则样用各种不同方法繁殖出来
的片子这样我们就冥猪了湿疣了有公开盟友了
大家也就不用计划生育了因为都看多了做多了就是不肯结婚了 中国还没有颜色掉呢，重庆提倡唱了一下政府歌曲，就让一些人如此恍恐。中国事实上早已不存在真正的毛左，只有运运。不过不论是以前的毛左还是邓的右派，现在都被运运们归到毛左那一类去了。 发展壮大起来的体制内的运运们和带路党对美国的祟拜和n多个凡是，和文革没有本质区别。
绿色文革而已。 来自中国重庆的报道——尽管张蔚希的音乐品味已经达到玛丽亚凯莉和诺拉琼斯的级别，
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自我优越感跃然纸上...... 发展壮大起来的体制内的运运们和带路党对美国的祟拜和n多个凡是，和文革没有本质区别。
绿色文革而已。 ...
superloong 发表于 2011-6-7 14:19 http://bbs.m4.cn/images/common/back.gif
你这是表扬文革呢还是批评文革？ 还不是因为你们赞助的一些人在想方设法的搞破坏 在这个黑暗的年代中，3600万人遭到迫害，75万到150人遭到杀害。
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放你扭腰时报的狗屁 在过去的四、五十年里，他们没有听到过其它任何歌曲。政治宣传性歌曲排挤掉了中国正常的民族音乐，就像文化大革命一样，他们在利用这些大规模的运动来掩盖社会问题。”
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还有比这更扯的谎言吗 红歌要唱，牢骚也要发。有什么不可以。 唱一唱红歌怎么了？白歌唱多了可以换换口味. Americans shouldn't read too much into it, they will never understand the nostalgia older generations of Chinese feel when those familiar melodies sounded. 我强烈推荐上甘岭的主题歌《我的祖国》，尤其是“朋友来了有好酒，若是那豺狼来了迎接它的有猎枪”这部分歌词。 利用这些大规模的运动来掩盖社会问题 不争论——埋头苦干，才有今天的中国地位
小平伟大！！！