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本帖最后由 I'm_zhcn 于 2009-1-11 08:55 编辑
Culture
What is culture? There is a broad definition for this.
During the ancient times, in China and other foreigh countries, "culture" has constantly been brought about and discussed, and yet no unitary agreement has come out for its definition.
Even in as early as Confucius' time, culture was talked about as "文"(wen, learning) and "质"(zhi, nature,character), the opposing side, which was supposed to be "the moral behavior and the norms that the learned should have".
So today the collocated saying "文质彬彬"(wenzhibinbin) implies "the state or the desired world that gentlemen(men of learning, being cultured, together with his moral behavior)" are expected to reach.
In China "文化"(wenhua, culture) was probably first used in West Han Dynasty(206 B. C.— 24 A. D.), when "culture" was used then to mean "Civil Administration" (文治, wenzhi) as oppoosed to "Military Administration" (武治, wuzhi).
In Jin Dynasty (265 A. D. — 316 A. D.) in China, according to history, "culture" only means "the Civil Administration of the country", which implies "a means of state apparatus", and that obviously does not take the sense as it has in modern society.
《英释中国传统文化》 浙江大学出版社 2006年8月第1版 P1
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