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【08.09.22 路透社】世界各国领导人重申履行援助非洲的承诺
【原文标题】World leaders renew promises to help Africa
【原文标题】世界各国领导人重申履行援助非洲的承诺
【登载媒体】路透社
【来源地址】http://www.reuters.com/article/w ... 0LR20080923?sp=true
【译者】荡漾
【声明】本翻译供Anti－CNN使用，转载请注明译者及出处。
【原文】(by Lesley Wroughton)
UNITED NATIONS (Reuters) - World leaders and top officials on Monday renewed pledges to help Africa dramatically reduce poverty, but African governments told rich nations they are lagging on previous promises of increased aid.
In a political declaration after a U.N. meeting on Africa's development needs, countries pledged to mobilize resources to end poverty, hunger and underdevelopment.
"We stress that eradicating poverty, particularly in Africa, is the greatest global challenge facing the world today," they said.
The meeting expressed concern that commitments by rich industrialized nations of doubling aid to Africa by 2010 will not be reached, while also welcoming new aid flows from emerging economies and the private sector.
U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon called the meeting on Africa to draw attention to a danger that the region would fail to meet U.N.-agreed Millennium Development Goals set in 2000 to halve global poverty by 2015.
Ban urged concerted global action, warning that not one African country was on track to meet all of the goals, although he noted some progress on health and education.
He said soaring food and fuel prices and the effects of climate change on food production were new challenges that could set African countries back.
Ban said it would take $72 billion a year to help Africa.
"This price tag may look daunting but it is affordable and falls within existing aid commitments," he said, noting that the world's industrialized countries spent an estimated $267 billion last year on agricultural subsidies alone.
A $700 billion rescue plan announced by the U.S. government for troubled Wall Street firms is 10 times the annual aid Ban called for in his speech.
African Union Chairman and Tanzanian President Jakaya Kikwete said while he was concerned that the financial crisis in markets could escalate, wealthy countries had made commitments to help Africa and should keep them.
"We want the developed nations to perform their moral obligation of assisting the poor," Kikwete said at a news conference. "We want the developed countries to deliver on the rest of their commitments that they have not honored."
He said money was especially important at a time when many African economies are growing at their strongest levels in five years and need more roads, railway lines and electricity.
"Where there is a will, there is always a way," Kikwete said. "There may not be easy answers but I believe the U.S. will overcome the crisis."
UNDEVELOPED WEALTH
African Development Bank President Donald Kaberuka said a slowdown in growth in developed countries would affect Africa, especially if demand for its commodities declined sharply.
"This crisis is serious, but frankly, I hope it doesn't lead to reduced efforts to help developing countries because that would be a disappointment," said Kaberuka.
French President Nicolas Sarkozy said Africa was at a turning point but needed to guard against running up debts that would require cancellation later by rich countries.
"Let us not set the stage today for a new debt crisis in 2030," Sarkozy said. He questioned why some new lenders restricted funding to investment in projects when Africa needed budget support.
Large emerging lenders like China are ramping up financing for power and transport projects in Africa, most of it in countries endowed with natural resources.
"Europeans and Africans have agreed on untying aid. Why then go back on this principle with donors from other continents?" Sarkozy said, without naming China.
China's Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi said it was important to respect the sovereignty of African nations and assistance should be geared to Africa's basic and long-term needs.
"To achieve long-term development, African countries must rely on their own capacity," he said, adding that China planned to increase its assistance to Africa in agriculture, education, health and clean energy development.
Jeffrey Sachs, a development campaigner and professor at New York's Columbia University, said the $72 billion a year needed for Africa "is not an outlandish price tag."
"The U.S. Congress is about to vote $1 trillion for Wall Street this week," he told a U.N. panel. "That is no joke, and shows money is there when it's an emergency." (Editing by Doina Chiacu)
【译文】
周一世界各国领导人和高级官员再次重申承诺帮助非洲大幅减少贫困，但非洲各国政府表示富裕国家之前增加援助的承诺一直处于拖延状态。
联合国就非洲发展需求会议后的一项政治宣言中各国承诺调动力量帮助非洲消除贫困、饥饿和不发达状态。
他们表示：“我们特别申明消除贫困，尤其是非洲地区的贫困，是当前世界面临的最大的全球挑战”。
会议对富裕的工业化国家无法达成到2010年向非洲追加双倍援助的承诺表示关注，同时也表示欢迎来自新兴经济体和私人部门的援助。
联合国秘书长潘基文呼吁非洲会议关注非洲地区可能无法实现联合国于2000年商定的到2015年全球贫困减半的千年发展目标。
潘基文敦促全球一致行动，警告说还没有一个非洲国家能达成所有的目标，不过他也指出在医疗和教育方面取得了一些进展。
他表示飞涨的粮食和燃油价格以及气候变化对粮食生产的影响已成为非洲国家继续前进的新阻力。
潘基文称每年需要720亿美元援助非洲。
他指出世界工业化国家去年光粮食补贴一块预计达2670亿美元，“这个援助资金数目看起来庞大，实际上就现有承诺的援助范围是可达成的”。
在发言中潘基文还表示美国政府宣布用于拯救华尔街金融危机的7000亿美元是非洲年度援助的十倍。
非洲联盟主席暨坦桑尼亚总统Jakaya Kikwete表示他关注金融市场危机可能会蔓延，富裕国家已作出的援助非洲的承诺应该继续履行。
Kikwete在一个新闻发布会上说：“我们希望发达国家履行援助贫困人口的人道责任”“我们希望发达国家本着尊重的态度兑现未实现的承诺”。
他表示许多非洲经济体的发展速度在未来五年内将达到最高水平，道路、铁路线和电力都将有更大的缺口，当前资金援助尤为重要。
Kikwete说：“有志者总是事竞成”“可能很难有确切的答案但我相信美国将克服危机”。
经济不发达状态
非洲发展银行总裁Donald Kaberuka表示发达国家经济发展减速将影响到非洲，尤其产品需求将锐减。
Kaberuka说：“危机是严重的，但说实话我希望这不会影响援助发展中国家的努力，否则将令人失望”。
法国总统萨克齐说非洲正处于转折点，需要警惕日益高筑的债台，可随后要求富裕国家予以免除还款。
萨科齐说：“我们不能今天开始制造2030年的新债务危机”，他提出质疑为何非洲急需预算支持却又对新兴的贷款者投资项目实行限制。
像中国这样的大型放贷者投入大规模的资金承接非洲的电力和运输项目，而非洲则以自然资源作为回报。
萨科齐说：“欧洲和非洲人都同意不附加条件的援助，为什么他们还要回归这种规则接受其他洲的捐赠呢？”不点名地指向中国。
中国外长杨洁篪表示重要的是尊重非洲国家的主权独立，援助应着眼于非洲的基本和长远的需要。
他表示：“非洲国家必须依靠他们自己的能力实现长远的发展”，并补充说中国计划增加对非洲的农业、教育、医疗和干净能源的发展援助。
纽约哥伦比亚大学教授、发展运动家Jeffrey Sachs表示非洲每年所需的720亿美元的援助金额“并非异想天开”。
他告诉一个联合国小组：“美国国会本周即将表决一笔1万亿美元的华尔街资助计划”“这不是开玩笑，当真正需要的时候资金就会有的”。(Doina Chiacu编辑)
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