本帖最后由 yuexidong 于 2009-1-20 08:57 编辑
【原文标题】Obama Plan Includes $300 Billion in Tax Cuts
【中文标题】奥巴马计划减税3000亿美元
【原文链接】http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/05/us/politics/05spend.html?_r=1&hp
【翻译】yuexidong
【中英文对照】
纽约时报Obama Plan Includes $300 Billion in Tax Cuts
奥巴马计划减税3000亿美元
President-elect Barack Obama arrived Sunday at Andrews Air Force Base in Maryland on his way to Washington.
当选总统奥巴马周日在前往华盛顿途中抵达位于马里兰州的安德鲁斯空军基地。
By PETER BAKER and CARL HULSE
Published: January 4, 2009
出版：2009/1/4
WASHINGTON — President-elect Barack Obama plans to include about $300 billion in tax cuts for workers and businesses in his economic recovery program, advisers said Sunday, as his team seeks to win over Congressional skeptics worried that he was too focused on government spending.
在华盛顿，当奥巴马的团队力求说服国会怀疑论者担心奥巴马太专注于政府开支时，发言人周日宣布，当选总统奥巴马在他的经济复苏体系中计划为工人及商人减税约3000亿美元。
The legislation Mr. Obama is developing with Congressional Democrats will devote about 40 percent of the cost to tax cuts, including his centerpiece campaign promise to provide credits up to $500 for most workers, costing roughly $150 billion. The package will also include more than $100 billion in tax incentives for businesses to create jobs and invest in equipment or factories.
奥巴马与国会民主党共同开发的立法将整个经济刺激计划的40%用于减税，立法包括了他的核心理念是承诺为大多数工人每人减少500美元以上的税负，总额将达到1500亿美元。计划还包括减少超过1000亿美元的赋税鼓励企业创造就业机会和投资于设备或工厂。
The overall economic package, of $675 billion to $775 billion, is taking shape as Mr. Obama arrived in Washington and planned to begin trying to build support in Congress and among the broader public for his approach to stimulating the economy. Mr. Obama, who flew to the capital on Sunday to join his family in a hotel suite while awaiting his inauguration, planned to meet with Congressional leaders on Monday and deliver a speech on Thursday laying the ground for his emerging economic program.
在奥巴马抵达华盛顿后，正获得显著效果的整套经济计划花费大约6750亿至7750亿美元，为达到刺激经济的目的，计划争取获得国会和广大公众的支持。奥巴马即将就职时，他于周日抵达华盛顿，协同家属计划在周一会见国会议员并在周二发表演讲，为他的新经济计划奠定基础。
Although some tax cuts were always expected to be included in Mr. Obama’s economic package, his team disclosed the scope and some details of the plans on Sunday at a time when Republicans have begun voicing criticism of what they describe as an open-checkbook approach to spending. By focusing more attention on the tax cuts in the plan, Obama aides hope to frame it as a balanced, pragmatic approach.
尽管一些减税计划在奥巴马的经济方案中被寄予厚望，但当奥巴马团队在周日透露出计划涉及的范围和一些细节时，共和党人已经开始批评奥巴马的经济计划，形容这一计划是公开开支票花钱。通过对计划中减税的更多关注，奥巴马的助手希望制定的计划是平衡、务实的。
Mr. Obama will use his public events this week to promise what one adviser called “radical reforms” to impose more control over the regular federal budget down the road. Among other areas, the president-elect will focus on changing Pentagon contracting and aid to corporate America, advisers said. He will also designate a chief performance officer and a chief technology officer on Wednesday to help make government more efficient, they said.
本周奥巴马将利用他此次公务之行做出承诺，一位发言者称之为是“彻底的改革”，要对联邦预算频繁施加更多的控制。发言者声称，在其他方面，当选总统将集中精力改善五角大楼并帮助美国公司。他们说，奥巴马将在周三任命一位内政部长和一位技术部长帮助提升政府工作效率。
Still, Democratic leaders in Congress acknowledged that the economic package would not be ready for Mr. Obama’s signature immediately after his inauguration on Jan. 20, as they once hoped.
然而，国会民主党领导人承认经济方案不会如他们所希望的那样，在奥巴马就任之后立刻签署。
“It’s going to be very difficult to get the package put together that early so that it can have sufficient time to be reviewed, and then sufficient time to be debated and passed,” Representative Steny H. Hoyer of Maryland, the House majority leader, said on “Fox News Sunday.”
马里兰州的代表、众议院多数党领袖斯滕尼霍耶在《福克斯周末新闻》上说：“为了有足够的时间审查、讨论和通过这一方案，早期方案的整理将是非常困难的。”
Mr. Hoyer said a more likely goal would be mid-February before Congress leaves on a Presidents’ Day recess. “We certainly want to see this package passed through the House of Representatives no later than the end of this month, get it over to the Senate, and have it to the president before we break for the presidential break,” Mr. Hoyer said.
霍耶说：“希望是国会在2月中旬休会前总统日休会。在总统就任之前，我们非常希望这个计划月底之前能在国会众议院通过，并获得参议院的认可，为了让总统休息，也希望能够在我们休息前给总统。”
Congressional Republicans continued to press for more public hearings and study, and some of their leaders threw out their own ideas for what should be in the plan. Senator Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, the Republican leader, proposed Sunday that any money distributed to the states be provided as loans rather than outright grants.
“Nobody thinks we ought to be spending this money on things like mob museums and waterslides,” Mr. McConnell said on “This Week” on ABC. “And if the money were lent rather than just granted, states would I think spend it wisely, and the states that didn’t need it at all wouldn’t take any.”
共和党人继续通过公开听证或研讨来施压，一些领导人对如何实施计划抛出了他们自己观点。肯塔基州参议员、共和党人袖麦康奈（Mitch McConnell）建议分配给各州的款项要作为贷款而不是直接赠款。他在ABC电视台的《本周》上说：“没有人认为我们应该把这些钱花在象暴徒博物馆或是滑水这些事情上。如果这些钱是借而不是给，我想美国愿意更明智的花掉，国家不需要完全听之任之。”
Mr. McConnell said Republicans were more likely to favor tax relief and tax credits as part of the economic measure and said Congress should consider reducing the 25 percent income tax rate to 15 percent.
袖麦康奈（Mitch McConnell）说共和党人更倾向于将税收救济和税收信贷作为经济政策的一部分，国会应考虑将税收由25%减少到15%。
Representative Nancy Pelosi of California, the House speaker, said Congress would also take on the issue of waste in federal agencies, though she was not ready to disclose details of her approach. “We will have reforms related to waste, fraud and abuse,” she said in an interview.
加利福尼亚代表、国会发言人南希·佩洛西（Nancy Pelosi）说，国会应该对联邦机构的浪费给予关注，但她不愿披露细节，她在一个记者会上说：“改革将涉及到浪费、欺诈和伤害等方面。”
Other Congressional officials said House Democrats would consider a plan this week requiring a new audit of all federal agencies and mandating Congressional hearings whenever inspectors general identify potential waste or fraud.
其他国会官员说众议院民主党本周将考虑一项计划，要求对所有的联邦机构重新审计，当检察官确定有潜在的浪费或欺诈时，将授权国会进行听证。
Mr. Obama’s team argued Sunday that the short-term cost of its economic plan was not a priority in the face of the dire problems in the economy. “There is no short run, other than keeping the economy from absolutely tanking. That’s the only short run,” Vice President-elect Joseph R. Biden Jr. said on “This Week.” He added, “We’ve got to begin to stem this bleeding here, and begin to stop the loss of jobs and the creation of jobs.”
奥巴马团队周日争辩说这项短期成本的经济计划在面对严俊的经济问题时并不是优先的事，“相比其他的避免经济的绝对下滑，这项计划不是一个短期行为。”当选副总统约瑟夫.拜登(Joseph R. Biden Jr)在《本周》上补充说：“我们必须开始阻止此次流血，抑制因失业带来的损失并创造就业机会。”
The economic package under consideration by the president-elect and his Congressional allies would commit $675 billion to $775 billion over two years. If the tax cuts represent 40 percent of that, as Mr. Obama’s advisers said Sunday, that would mean about $270 billion to $310 billion.
奥巴马正在审议这套经济方案，他的国会盟友承诺未来两年实施这套方案从6750亿美元到7750亿美元。奥巴马的发言人在周日称，如果减税40%，那就意味着着削减了大约2700到3100亿美元。
About half of that would go to workers under what Mr. Obama during his campaign called the Making Work Pay credit, worth up to $500 for individuals and $1,000 for families. The Obama campaign estimated that about 150 million Americans making less than $200,000 would qualify, including those who make too little to pay federal income taxes but would receive a check that would offset Social Security and Medicare payroll taxes.
奥巴马在竞选中提出“劳有所得”计划，是指大约一半的人将成为工人，个人冲抵500美元、 每个家庭冲抵1000美元税项。奥巴马的计划估计约有1.5亿美国人创造的收益均少于20万美元，包括那些创利太少而不能向联邦交纳个人所得税但可接受一张用于抵消社会保障和医疗保障工资税支票的人。
Mr. Obama’s advisers said Sunday that they were searching for a way to get that credit into Americans’ pockets quickly to help stimulate spending, but would not duplicate the rebate checks sent last year as part of an economic package signed by President Bush. Instead, they said, they were discussing making the credit retroactive to the 2008 tax year and adjusting withholding formulas so paychecks would start reflecting that right away.
奥巴马的发言人在本周日说，他们正在寻求一种方法进入到美国人的口袋以迅速帮助刺激消费，但是不愿重复去年布什政府签署的经济计划中退税支票部分。他们说，他们正在讨论让信贷追溯至2008年的纳税年度并调整工资的扣税公式，以使这一方案快速见效。
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发表于 2009-1-20 08:54
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