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本帖最后由 magicboy 于 2009-3-23 08:06 编辑
【原文标题】A Young Lama Weighs Tibetans' Future
【中文标题】一位年轻喇嘛权衡着藏人的前途
【登载媒体】华盛顿邮报
【来源地址】http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/16/AR2009031602668.html
【译 者】eternity
【翻译方式】人工翻译
【声明】本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，转载请注明出处，谢谢！
【译文和原文】
A Young Lama Weighs Tibetans' Future
一位年轻喇嘛权衡着藏人的前途
By Emily Wax
Washington Post Foreign Service
Tuesday, March 17, 2009; Page A10
SIDBHARI, India -- For a living Buddha and one of Tibet's next spiritual leaders, the 23-year-old Karmapa Lama hardly conforms to Western notions of a monastic figure. He spends many of his afternoons in his wine-colored robe, head-bobbing to hip-hop music on his iPod or releasing "negative energy," as he calls it, playing war games on his PlayStation.
希布哈里，印度——对于一位活佛和西藏将来的精神领袖之一来说，23岁的噶玛巴喇嘛几乎不适应西方对一个修道人物的关注。很多个下午，他穿着酒红色的藏袍，摇头晃脑的听着iPod里的嘻哈乐，或者，如他所说，在游戏机上打战争游戏来释放“负面能量”。
Frustrated over the pace of Tibet's struggle against Chinese rule, he is known here as the reluctant lama: brooding and outspoken about the plight of his compatriots, many of whom have lived in exile in India for three generations and feel no closer to persuading China to let them have autonomy in their homeland.
灰心于对西藏反抗中国统治战斗的速度，众所周知他是个极不情愿的喇嘛：对他同胞的困境作沉思并直言不讳，他们中许多在印度已三代流亡，觉得在劝服中国让他们在自己家乡自治一事上毫无进展。
"Sometimes I feel like an old man," the Karmapa Lama said from his monastery in Sidbhari, a farming village near the Dalai Lama's exile headquarters in the northern Indian town of Dharmsala. "I'm physically young, but the challenges I have been through have made me an old, experienced man."
“有时我觉得自己像一个老人，”噶玛巴喇嘛在希布哈里他自己的寺庙里说，希布哈里是距达赖喇嘛在印度北部城镇达兰萨拉的流亡总部不远的一个小农庄。“生理上我是年轻的，但是我所经受过的挑战让我成了一个年老的、有经验的人。”
That's because the Karmapa Lama -- born Ogyen Trinley Dorje -- carries a heavy burden: He is Tibetan Buddhism's third most senior figure and is being groomed as one of several potential leaders to forge a fresh path for the next generation of Tibetans in their struggle against China, whose troops entered Tibet in 1950.
这是因为噶玛巴喇嘛——原名乌金钦列多杰（Ogyen Trinley Dorje）——担负着一个重担：他是藏传佛教第三重要的人物并被作为几位有潜力的领袖之一来培养，好为藏人下一代开拓一条新路，这些藏人一直为反抗曾于1950年出兵入侵西藏的中国作着斗争。
The appointment of a successor to the 73-year-old Dalai Lama, who almost single-handedly catapulted Tibet's struggle into the world's consciousness, has become a daunting issue for Tibetans as the spiritual leader ages.
73 岁的达赖喇嘛作为为西藏抗争的孤胆英雄已为世人所知，当这位精神领袖变老时，对他接班人的任命就成为了令藏人气馁的问题。
The Dalai Lama, a Nobel Peace laureate, has won over presidents, Hollywood stars and multitudes of soy-and-granola suburbanites with his nonviolent doctrine, down-to-earth spirituality, easy laugh and personal search for compassion and inner happiness.
达赖喇嘛，一位诺贝尔和平奖获得者，以他的非暴力主张、实际的灵性、随和的笑和对同情和内在快乐的个人探求，已经赢得了总统们、好莱坞明星们和众多底层人民的支持。
So far, Tibetans have remained unified largely out of their love and respect for the Dalai Lama. But there is a growing divide in the community -- some want independence from China, and others favor the Dalai Lama's proposal for true autonomy, or his "middle way" approach. Analysts are uncertain whether the Tibetan movement could remain united under a less-venerated leader such as the Karmapa Lama.
迄今为止，藏人依然对达赖喇嘛保有他们一致的热爱与尊敬。但是，社会在渐渐分化——有些人想要从中国独立出去，其他人热衷于达赖喇嘛的真正自治的提议，或者他的“中间道路”的主张。分析家们不太确定，在一位较少受尊敬的领袖的（比如噶玛巴喇嘛）领导下，藏人运动是否依然能保持团结。
"Our generation has so much to take on our shoulders when His Holiness passes. The Dalai Lama has unified the hearts of all Tibetans," said Tenzin Tsundue, a poet and member of the Tibetan Youth Congress, a group that advocates an independent Tibet. "But Karmapa is passionate, he's energetic. He has the respect of the youth. We will really need him."
“当尊者逝世后，我们这一代有好多事要自己扛。达赖喇嘛让所有藏人的心聚拢到一起，”诗人暨倡导西藏独立的团体“藏青会”成员丹增尊珠（Tenzin Tsundue）说。“但是噶玛巴充满热情，他精力充沛。他受到青年人的爱戴。我们真的需要他。”
Tibetan Buddhism holds that the soul of a high-ranking monk, or "living Buddha," is reborn after his death. The resulting "soul boy" can be found through the interpretation of signs, which could include recognition of the deities' personal items.
藏传佛教认为，高等僧侣或“活佛”的灵魂会在死后重生。产生的“灵童”会通过一些预兆的诠释而找到，比如辨识一些有灵性的个人物件。
In the past, Tibetan court-appointed monks have sought the successor to previous Dalai Lamas from among Tibetans. The current Dalai Lama was discovered in 1937 as a 2-year-old in a village in Amdo, now part of China's western province of Qinghai.
过去，藏族法定的僧侣们在藏人间寻找前世达赖喇嘛的继承人。当今的达赖喇嘛是在1937年作为一个2岁儿童在安多的一个小村子里被发现的，现在那儿是中国西部青海省的一部分。
Monks searching for signs of a lama rebirth chose the Karmapa Lama, then a 7-year-old son of nomads, as the 17th reincarnation in the Kagyu sect, one of four main schools of Tibetan Buddhism.
寻找喇嘛重生迹象的僧侣们选择了噶玛巴喇嘛，然后一个7岁的牧民的儿子成为了藏传佛教四大教派之一噶举派的17世转世。
But his sect is a problem. Previously, all Dalai Lamas have come from the Gelugpa sect. Some analysts say appointing the Karmapa Lama as the next Dalai Lama would be similar to appointing a Methodist as the next pope. Despite that obstacle, there is a movement among Tibetans for him to become an acting leader when the Dalai Lama dies, in part because any replacement would probably be too young to lead immediately.
但是他的派别是一个问题。以前，所有的达赖喇嘛们都来自格鲁派。一些分析家们说，任命噶玛巴喇嘛为下任达赖喇嘛就好象任命一位卫理会教徒为下任罗马教皇一样。除了这个障碍外，当达赖喇嘛去世时，藏人间会有一场运动需要他来做行动领袖，部分是因为任何继任都可能会太年轻而不能立即担当起来。
"After the Dalai Lama, things will be very difficult. We will have lost not just a leader, but our soul," the Karmapa Lama said, his leg nervously bouncing up and down.
“达赖喇嘛去世后，情况会很复杂。我们失去的不仅仅是一个领袖，还有我们的精神。”噶玛巴喇嘛说，他的腿紧张的上下抖动。
In a recent interview with Western journalists, he was vague about his stance on independence vs. autonomy. "His Holiness has been very successful in laying the foundations for the Tibetan struggle," he said, referring to the Dalai Lama. "He has done a great job. Now it is time for the next generation to build on this and carry it forward."
最近与西方记者的一次面谈中，他对独立于自治的立场含糊不清。“尊者为藏人的抗争打下了坚实的基础，”他说，（尊者）指的是达赖喇嘛。“他的举动很伟大。现在是下一代进一步发展并继续的时候了。”
Tibetans worry that China could exploit division over the Dalai Lama's successor and that it is already trying to steer the selection process for Tibet's next leader. Last week, Chinese officials said that Beijing must approve the Dalai Lama's successor, according to the state-run New China News Agency.
藏人担心中国会利用在达赖喇嘛接班人上的分裂，而且它已经在试图引导西藏继任领袖的挑选过程。上周，中国官员说，达赖喇嘛的继承人必须获得北京的认可，根据官方新华社消息。
The Dalai Lama has suggested that his incarnation might be found outside China and could be female. He also said Tibetans themselves could vote on whether to continue the tradition of theocratic rule through reincarnated Dalai Lamas.
达赖喇嘛暗示，他的转世肉身可能会在中国境外出现，可能是女性。他还说，藏人们可以投票决定是否继续这项通过转世达赖喇嘛来进行神权统治的传统。
A 6-year-old boy anointed by the Dalai Lama in 1995 to succeed the late 10th Panchen Lama, Tibetan Buddhism's second most senior leader, disappeared in China 14 years ago and hasn't been heard from since. Posters of the young, rosy-cheeked boy line the narrow lanes of Dharmsala. Human rights groups have called him "the world's youngest political prisoner."
1995年，一位6岁男孩由达赖喇嘛指认为藏传佛教中地位第二高的领袖，14年前在中国消失，至今音信杳然。这位年轻、脸颊红红的小男孩的图像悬挂在达兰萨拉的狭窄小巷子里。人权组织称他为“世界上最小的政治犯。”
So far, the Karmapa Lama, who speaks fluent Chinese, is the only spiritual leader recognized by the leaders of Tibet and China. China had once hoped that the Karmapa Lama would be more conciliatory than the Dalai Lama, but that optimism has been tempered in recent years.
迄今为止，说流利中文的噶玛巴喇嘛是唯一一位既为西藏又为中国承认的领袖之一。中国曾经希望噶玛巴喇嘛会比达赖喇嘛更有可能作和解，但那种乐观在最近几年已减低。
"The Chinese government considers the older generation of Tibetans as rubbish. What they are trying to value now is the coming-up generation," the Karmapa Lama said. "We must not consider China and the Chinese as opponents and enemies, but respect them as a source of education. We should learn their language. That's how you become equal."
“中国政府认为老一辈藏人是垃圾。他们现在尽力重视的是接下来的一代，”噶玛巴喇嘛说。“我们不必将中国和中国人视为对手和敌人，而应重视他们将他们作为教育资源。我们应该学他们的语言。这样你就能变得平等。”
For now, he is a hero among Tibetan youth in exile, many of whom spend their days in Internet cafes where his photo is posted with the caption "Tibet's Rising Son," competing for space with Pink Floyd concert posters and Free Tibet bumper stickers.
现在，他是流亡青年藏人的英雄，他们中许多人整天泡在网咖，那儿挂着题为“西藏的新星”的宣传画，与Pink Floyd的演唱会宣传画报和西藏独立的巨大不干胶贴媲美。
The Karmapa Lama has taken the same path of exile as many of the 200,000 Tibetans living outside their homeland. In 1999, under increasing pressure to denounce the Dalai Lama, he escaped Chinese-dominated Tibet by jumping from the second-story window of his monastery.
噶玛巴喇嘛与20万背井离乡的藏人走的是同一条逃亡之路。1999年，在对达赖喇嘛的谴责压力日益增加之时，他从他的寺庙二楼的窗户跳下，逃出了中国人掌管的西藏。
He trekked for eight days across the freezing Himalayan pass. He was then airlifted by helicopter to India, the Dalai Lama's home in exile. The Dalai Lama himself fled Tibet 50 years ago this month, disguised as a soldier.
他长途跋涉8天，穿越了喜马拉雅关口。然后由直升飞机送到达赖喇嘛的流亡地印度。达赖喇嘛本人则是在50年前的3月化装成士兵逃走的。
The Karmapa Lama, tall, broad-shouldered and restless, is schooled in traditional religious painting. He looks forward to visits with his sister, who lives in town. Once a month he lunches with the Dalai Lama, who often brings him sweets and prayer beads from his world tours. Those who know the Karmapa Lama say he often paces the rooftop, with a view of Dharmsala's wheat fields, tea plantations and snow-brushed mountains.
噶玛巴喇嘛，高个子，宽肩膀，不安静，在学传统宗教绘画。他期待与她住在城里的姐姐见面。他与达赖喇嘛一个月共进一次午餐，达赖喇嘛经常带来一些他从世界各地带回来的糖果和念珠。那些认识噶玛巴喇嘛的人们说，他经常在屋顶踱步，那儿可以看到达兰萨拉的玉米地，茶园和被雪水冲刷的群山。
When he first arrived in India, he was restricted to the top floor of the monastery. Indian intelligence worried that he was a spy for China. But lately he has gained the trust of Indian authorities. Last year he traveled to the United States, where he was introduced by a swooning American female fan as "His Hotness" rather than the traditional salutation, "His Holiness."
当他最初到达印度的时候，他被限制只准呆在寺院顶楼。印度方面担心他是中国间谍。但是后来他获得了印度官方的信任。去年他去了美国，在那里他被一位迷他的美国女粉丝介绍称为“炙热”而不是传统的“尊者”。
In January, the Karmapa Lama was allowed by India to appear at a prayer festival in Bihar, at the spot where Buddha is believed to have attained enlightenment in the 6th century B.C. He drew the largest crowds in decades.
一月份，噶玛巴喇嘛经印度许可出席了Bihar（印度比哈省）的一个祈祷大会，据说佛祖在那儿于公元前六世纪获教化。他受到二十多年来最大规模的拥戴。
In Dharmsala, half a dozen young devotees recently woke at dawn to attend a prayer service for Tibetans who lost their lives or were arrested during last year's demonstrations in Tibetan areas of China. Amid the yellow light of butter lamps and the sound of throaty Tibetan chants and long brass trumpets, they squeezed into a prayer service led by the Dalai Lama, a leader they still adore. But they were equally eager to see the Karmapa Lama, and what they saw intrigued them.
在达兰萨拉，最近有二分之一的年轻人投身于参加为去年在中国藏区示威中丧生或被捕的人所设的一项祈祷服务。在酥油灯的昏黄灯光、沙哑的藏人吟诵和长铜管号声中，他们挤进由他们依旧敬仰的达赖喇嘛领导的祈祷服务中。但是他们同样急于见到噶玛巴喇嘛，并且他们所见到的令他们着迷。
"The Dalai Lama is always smiling. He has joy in his heart. But Karmapa seems so intense and serious, so worried about the future," said Sonam Lhamo, 29, who bent her ponytailed head in prayer at the Dalai Lama's Tsuglakhang temple, nestled in the Himalayan foothills. "Karmapa is like our young generation: angry, serious about Tibet, but unsure of what to do."
“达赖喇嘛总是笑容满面。他心里有欢乐。但是噶玛巴看起来是那么紧张和严肃，那么担心着将来，”29岁，磕长头来到达赖喇嘛坐落于喜马拉雅山脚下的春拉康（Tsuglakhang）寺的Sonam Lhamo说。“噶玛巴就像我们的年轻一代：对西藏愤怒、严肃，但不太确定如何去做。”
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