|
|
本帖最后由 magicboy 于 2009-5-9 05:40 编辑
【原文标题】 In China, Knockoff Cellphones Are a Hit 【中文标题】中国流行山寨机
【登载媒体】纽约时报 【来源地址】http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/28/technology/28cell.html" D, B. Y6
【译者】波默默妞
【翻译方式】人工
【声明】本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不得转载。
【原文库链接】http://bbs.m4.cn/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=160630&extra=page%3D1%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D208
【译文】
SHENZHEN, China — The phone’s sleek lines and touch-screen keyboard are unmistakably familiar. So is the logo on the back. But a sales clerk at a sprawling electronic goods market in this Chinese coastal city admits what is clear upon closer inspection: this is not the Apple iPhone; this is the Hi-Phone.
中国深圳——时尚优美的线条，触摸式键盘，这款手机怎么看怎么熟。背面的商标看来也很熟。但是，这个位于中国沿海城市的乱糟糟的电子商品市场里的一位销售人员亲口承认——仔细观察一下就能发现的——这不是苹果的iPhone，这是Hi-Phone。
“But it’s just as good,” the clerk says.
“但是这个也一样好的，”那人说。
Nearby, dozens of other vendors are selling counterfeit Nokia, Motorola and Samsung phones — as well as cheap look-alikes that make no bones about being knockoffs.
附近，数十个小商贩都在售卖冒牌的诺基亚，摩托罗拉和三星手机——还有一些一看就知道是便宜的仿冒货。
“Five years ago, there were no counterfeit phones,” says Xiong Ting, a sales manager at Triquint Semiconductor, a maker of mobile phone parts, while visiting Shenzhen. “You needed a design house. You needed software guys. You needed hardware design. But now, a company with five guys can do it. Within 100 miles of here, you can find all your suppliers.”
“五年前，根本没有仿冒手机，”Triquint半导体公司（一个手机零件制造商）的一位销售经理熊婷（音译）出差到深圳时说到，“（那时候）你需要一个设计室，你需要搞软件的人，你还需要硬件设计。但是现在，一个只有5个人的公司就可以搞定一切。方圆100里的地方，你就可以找到你的供应商。”
Technological advances have allowed hundreds of small Chinese companies, some with as few as 10 employees, to churn out what are known here as shanzhai, or black market, cellphones, often for as little as $20 apiece.
技术的高速发展使得中国成百上千的小公司，有些公司的员工甚至只有10个人，就能做出在这儿被叫做“山寨”的手机，或者叫黑市手机，通常一部手机成本只有20美元。
And just as Chinese companies are trying to move up the value chain of manufacturing, from producing toys and garments to making computers and electric cars, so too are counterfeiters. After years of making fake luxury bags and cheap DVDs, they are capturing market share from the world’s biggest mobile phone makers.
跟中国的公司试图从制造业的价值链低处往高处爬——从制造玩具和衣服到电脑和电动车一样，造假者也在做着同样的事情。做了好多年假冒的奢侈皮包和廉价的DVD，他们又要去跟世界上最大的手机制造商争夺市场了。
Although shanzhai phones have only been around a few years, they already account for more than 20 percent of sales in China, which is the world’s biggest mobile phone market, according to the research firm Gartner.
尽管山寨手机出世没几年，它们已经占据了20%的中国市场的份额。根据调查公司Gartner的数据，中国市场是世界上最大的手机市场。
They are also being illegally exported to Russia, India, the Middle East, Europe, even the United States. “The shanzhai phone market is expanding crazily,” says Wang Jiping, a senior analyst at IDC, which tracks technology trends. “They copy Apple, Nokia, whatever they like, and they respond to the market swiftly.”
它们也被非法出口到俄罗斯，印度，中东，欧洲，甚至美国。王纪平是IDC（互联网数据中心）的高级分析师，这个数据中心跟踪研究技术的科技的（发展）趋势。王说“山寨手机市场扩张的速度是惊人的。他们模仿苹果，诺基亚，只要他们喜欢，他们对市场的反应极为敏捷。”
Alarmed by the rapid growth of counterfeits and no-name knockoffs, global brands are pressing the Chinese government to crack down on their proliferation, and are warning consumers about potential health hazards, like cheap batteries that can explode.
假冒品和无名氏仿制品的急速增长使国际品牌警惕起来，他们向中国政府施压，要求政府采取严厉的措施来防止情况继续恶化，并且警告消费者（购买仿冒产品）的潜在的健康危险，比如廉价的电池有可能会爆炸。
Nokia, the world’s biggest cellphone maker, says it is working with Beijing to fight counterfeiting. Motorola says much the same. Apple Inc. declined to comment.
世界上最大的手机制造商诺基亚表明其正在与北京方面共同合作打击（手机）伪造。摩托罗亚也做出了类似的表示。苹果公司拒绝发表言论。
Even Chinese mobile phone producers are losing market share to underground companies, which have a built-in cost advantage because they evade taxes, regulatory fees and safety checks.
甚至中国本土的手机制造商都被地下作坊给抢去了市场份额。这些地下小公司有天生的成本优势，因为他们可以逃避税费，管制费，还有安全检查。
“We’re being severely hurt by shanzhai phones,” says Chen Zhao, a sales director at Konka, a Chinese cellphone maker. “Legal cellphone makers should pay 17 percent of their revenue as value-added tax, but shanzhai makers, of course, won’t pay it.”
陈昭（音译）是中国手机制造商之一——康佳集团的一位销售经理，他说“我们被山寨手机害惨了。合法的手机制造商需要支付他们收入的17%作为增值税，但是显而易见，山寨手机商就不用出这个钱。”
So far, however, China has done little to stop the proliferation of fake mobile phones, which are even advertised on late-night television infomercials with pitches like “one-fifth the price, but the same function and look,” or patriotic appeals like “Buy shanzhai to show your love of our country.”
然而，至今中国政府几乎没有采取任何措施来组织这种仿制手机的行为，山寨手机甚至可以在午夜的电视专题广告片掰出这样的广告语：“五分之一的价格，一样的功能，一样的外观，”或者用激发爱国热情的言语，如，“买山寨手机，表爱国之心。”
Last month, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology did warn consumers about the hazards of shanzhai phones, saying “their radiation usually exceeds the limit.” China’s consumer protection agency says faulty mobile phones were the No. 1 consumer complaint last year.
上个月，工业和信息化部也确实警告了消费者山寨手机对健康的潜在威胁：“（山寨手机）的辐射通常都超过了限度。”中国消费者权益保障协会说去年排在第一位的是针对仿冒手机的投诉。
A few weeks ago, a 45-year-old man in south China was severely burned after his cellphone exploded in his shirt pocket, according to state-run news media.
根据政府媒体的报道，几周前，中国南部一位45岁的男子的手机在衬衫兜里爆炸，导致了严重的烧伤。
But that hasn’t seemed to affect sales of black market phones, which typically sell at retail for $100 to $150. In the spirit of what is called “shanzhai” — which suggests rebels or bandits and which applies to counterfeit products of all kinds — many consumers are willing to take a risk on a cheap item that looks stylish.
但这貌似也并不足以影响黑手机的销售，这些手机的售价一般是100到150美元。本着所谓的“山寨”精神——山寨让人联想起造反者和土匪，所有的产品都有山寨货——很多消费者都愿意冒险买那些看起来气派的便宜货。
“I saw iPhone pictures on the Web; it’s so cool. But it costs over $500 — too expensive,” says Yang Guibin, 30, an office worker from Chongqing. “So I decided to buy a shanzhai iPhone. I bought it in a digital market here; it looked exactly like the iPhone.”
我在网上看到iPhone的图片，真酷。但是500美元太贵了。”重庆的一位30岁的白领杨贵斌（音译）说到，“所以我决定买一个山寨的iPhone。我在这儿的一个数码产品市场买了一个，它看起来跟iPhone一模一样。”
Some experts say they believe the shanzhai phenomena is about being creative, Chinese style.
“Chinese grass-roots companies are actually very innovative,” says Yu Zhou, a professor at Vassar College. “It’s not so much technology as how they form supply chains and how rapidly they react to new trends.”
有些专家认为“山寨”现象正在向创新方向发展，中国风格。 “中国本土企业实质上有非常强的创新精神，”Vassar大学的余周（音译）教授说。“与其说是因为技术不如说是因为它们对于新趋势的快速反应。”
While the phones may look like famous brands, companies actually add special features like bigger screens, dual-mode SIM cards (which allow two phone numbers) and even a telescopic lens attachment for the phone’s camera.
Since it is the SIM card that makes a phone run in China, as in most places other than the United States, all you have to do is insert a valid SIM card into a shanzhai phone and it works.
这些手机表面上看起来像名牌，与此同时，厂家实际上也添加了一些特征，比如大屏幕，双网双待（一部手机可以用两个号码），甚至给手机弄了一个可伸缩镜头的相机。
All this innovation comes from an industry that only took off in 2005, after Mediatek, a semiconductor design company from Taiwan, helped significantly reduce the cost and complexity of producing a mobile phone.
所有这些创新都来自一个产生于2005年的行业 。这一年，台湾的半导体设计公司联发科技（Mediatek）大大降低了制造一个手机的成本和复杂性。
Using what experts call a turnkey solution, Mediatek developed a circuit board that could inexpensively integrate the functions of multiple chips, offering start-ups a platform to produce a low-cost mobile phone.
The industry got another boost in 2007, when regulators said companies no longer needed a license to manufacture a cellphone.
That set off a scramble by entrepreneurs in this electronics manufacturing center. Counterfeiting and off-brand knockoffs flourished. Tiny companies would buy a Mediatek chip loaded with software, source other components and ask a factory to assemble them.
通过使用专家们所说的“交钥匙”方案，联发科技研发了一种可以廉价得将多个芯片集合到一个集成电路上，以此喂制造低成本手机提供了一个的平台。2007年，这个行业迎来了另一个顶峰，当时管理层宣布手机制造商不再需要执照。这使商家们开始在这个电子制造业的中心摸爬滚打地向前冲。假冒和无商标的仿制兴旺繁荣起来。小公司买一个装载着软件的Mediatek的芯片再和其它一些组件一起送到某个工厂里组装起来。
Marketing strategies were simple: steal. Designs and brand names were copied identically or simply mimicked. (Sumsung for Samsung or Nckia for Nokia.)
Tapping into the supply chains of big brands is easy, producers say. “It’s really common for factories to do a night shift for other companies,” says Zhang Haizhen, who recently ran a shanzhai company here. “No one will refuse an order if it is over 5,000 mobile phones.”
市场策略很简单：抄袭。设计和商标名称完全复制过来，或者简单模仿一下（Samsung换成了Sumsung, Nokia变成了Nckia）。利用大公司的产业链很容易，制造商说。“工厂给别的公司加夜班是很平常的事儿，”张海珍（音译）说，他是这儿的一个山寨公司的老板。“没人会拒绝一个超过5000部手机的单子。”
The people who make fake iPhones admit it’s a shady business.
“We are a kind of illegal producer,” says Zhang Feiyang, whose company, Yuanyang, makes an iPhone clone. “In Shenzhen there are many small mills, hidden. Basically, we can make any type of cellphone.”
制造假iPhone的人承认这是一个阴郁行业。“我们是不合法的制造商，”张飞扬（音译）说道，他的元阳（音译）公司克隆iPhone。“在深圳有很多小作坊，都在很隐蔽的地方。基本上，我们可以制造任何一款手机。”
The competition is already forcing global brands to lower prices, analysts say. And new Chinese brands are emerging, like Meizu, a would-be Apple that has opened stylish stores here.
“Our phone is even better than the iPhone,” says Liu Zeyu, a Meizu salesman in Shenzhen. “Our goal is to create a phone that makes Chinese proud.”
争已经迫使世界品牌降低价格，分析人士说。而且新的中国品牌也逐渐显露，比如说魅族，这是一个能和苹果媲美的品牌，在这儿开了一家很有格调的门店。
“我们的手机甚至比iPhone还要好，”魅族的一位深圳的销售人员刘泽宇（音译）说，“我们的目标是制造让中国人骄傲的手机。”
Chen Yang contributed research.
陈阳（音译）撰稿。
|
评分
-
1
查看全部评分
-
|
狗仔卡
发表于 2009-5-5 07:16
提升卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
发表于 2009-5-5 08:14
