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发表于 2009-7-6 06:46
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【标题】America, Empire of Liberty. Series 3, Week 16, Part 3. The Silent Majority Finds Its Voice (“美国,自由帝国”系列3)
【作者】David Reynolds,剑桥大学国际历史教授
【播出日期】2009-06-23
【语言】英式英语
【类别】历史
【来源】BBC Radio 4
【主页】http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/america/
【配文】
The 'Silent Majority' Finds Its Voice
The transformation in the Republican Party's fortunes, from the nadir of Nixon and Watergate, to Reagan's landslide victory in 1980, reflected a conservative revival which had been brewing since the 1960s. It was a response by those Nixon called America's 'Silent Majority', focusing on issues of sex, race and family, underpinned by mounting opposition to what was perceived as Washington's increasing intrusion into people's lives.
This opposition was exemplified in the campaign, led by Phyllis Schlafly, wife of an Illinois lawyer, to block the proposed Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), to the Constitution. This affirmed that equal rights should not be denied on grounds of sex. ERA passed through Congress in March 1972, and was soon well on its way to the required ratification by three-quarters of state legislatures, but Schlafly's campaign stalled this momentum.
Another conservative grass-roots movement of the period was not nationally organised like the anti-ERA campaign, but had similar roots. It was opposition to the enforced racial integration of schools. Despite the 1954 Supreme Court ruling that segregated schools were unconstitutional, there had been little progress in desegregation. In 1969, school boards in Charlotte, North Carolina, tried the radical approach of large-scale busing of children to schools to try and achieve racial balance. There was a backlash from the white middle-class. Some moved their children to fee-paying schools, and others moved to suburbs beyond the reach of the busing.
Busing accelerated the phenomenon known as 'white flight', which left downtown areas largely to blacks. One positive result was increased political opportunity for African-Americans. In 1964 there were around 500 elected black officials; by 1980, there were 4,000, with black mayors in major cities like Detroit and Atlanta. Yet these black politicians were running inner cities whose tax revenues had been eroded by white flight, exacerbating their social and economic problems.
【其它】“美国,自由帝国”系列获2008听者和读者之音新广播节目类奖,并被提名索尼广播节目学院奖。
【参见】--
【学者音库文件名】America, Empire of Liberty,S3,W16,P3,The Silent Majority Finds Its Voice[BBC,History,2009.06.24].ogg
【时长】14min
【内容提要】--
【下载】http://www.damipan.com/file/2OhAbnx.html
【参考资料】-- |
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