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本帖最后由 酸枣树310 于 2009-10-9 11:18 编辑
【2009.10.03 纽约时报】 邓小平才是庆祝活动的真正主角
【中文标题】邓小平才是庆祝活动的真正主角
【原文标题】... But Deng Is the Leader to Celebrate
【登载媒体】纽约时报
【原文连接】http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/04/opinion/04vogel.html?em
THURSDAY was the 60th anniversary of the day Mao Zedong stood on the platform at Tiananmen Square and announced the formation of the People’s Republic of China. But the revolution that millions of Chinese are really celebrating began 30 years ago — under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping.
周四是毛泽东站在天安门广场的平台上，并宣布中国中华人民共和国成立60周年的日子。但是，数以百万计的中国人真正是庆祝30年前开始的-在邓小平的领导下的革命。
For the Chinese who had for years endured Japanese occupation, 1949 brought the promise of a new era. But a decade later, the puffed-up National Day celebrations could not mask the widespread starvation that resulted from Mao’s commune system. Later, Mao’s Red Guards terrorized the country, killing intellectuals and officials. The world shrank away. At a low point in the Cultural Revolution, China had only one ambassador abroad, in Cairo. In isolation, China fell far behind other East Asian countries
对于经历多年日本占领的中国，1949年带来了一个新时代的希望。但10年后，国庆大规模庆典掩盖不了大规模饥荒，由毛泽东的人民公社制度导致的结果。后来，毛的红卫兵使国家陷入恐怖，杀害知识分子和官员。远离了世界。文化大革命中的最低点，中国只有一个驻开罗的大使。在隔离当中，中国远远落后于其他东亚国家。
Like Germans who asked why they followed the Nazis, thoughtful Chinese still wonder why they continued to follow Mao even after disaster struck. Outsiders also ask why a population that has rejected communist utopianism and class struggle still celebrates the 60th anniversary under a large portrait of Mao in Tiananmen Square.
就像德国人追问他们为什么要遵循纳粹，有思考的中国人还是想知道为什么他们继续遵循毛泽东，即使灾难降临后。外界还想问，为什么拒绝共产主义乌托邦的理想,以及阶级斗争的人们还在天安门广场的巨幅毛泽东肖像下庆祝60周年。
One reason is that after Mao’s death, Chinese leaders considered how the entire Soviet leadership lost political authority after 1956, when Khrushchev thoroughly denounced Stalin. They thus decided to keep images of Mao even as they departed from his visions and ideology. Also, the Chinese understand that Mao’s achievements of the first seven years of the revolution, especially in unifying the country and building local organizations, formed a base for what his successors accomplished.
原因之一是毛泽东逝世后，中国领导人认为，苏联领导人整体失去了威信，在1956年赫鲁晓夫彻底谴责斯大林后。因此，他们决定保持毛泽东的形象，尽管他们丢弃了他的观点思想。此外，中国认为毛泽东在革命第一个7年成就，特别是在统一国家和建设地方组织方面，形成他的继任者以所完成的基础。
Still, most Chinese recognize that the true revolution belongs to Deng Xiaoping. No specific reforms were as important as his persistence in further opening China’s doors and encouraging its people to scour the world for new ideas in science, technology and management.
尽管如此，大多数人认识到，真正的革命属于邓小平。没有任何具体的改革能比的上，邓进一步打开中国的大门，并鼓励其人民形成新的想法，去学习世界上科学，技术和管理。
One first step was to promote talent at home. Many universities had been closed during the Cultural Revolution, which ended with Mao’s death in 1976. When he returned to power in 1977, Deng embarked on a colossal rush to hold national entrance examinations and reopen universities.
其中第一步是鼓励国内人才。许多大学在文革期间已经关闭，直到毛泽东逝世于1976年结束。1977年取得权力后，邓小平急于开始一个大规模的国家入学考试，重新打开大学大门。
Deng also frequently invited Chinese-American scientists for talks. His key question was always: How can China catch up in science? In 1978, when Frank Press, President Jimmy Carter’s science adviser, visited China, he was taken aback when Deng proposed sending far more students and faculty to the United States than Dr. Press had the mandate to offer. Deng was so insistent on a quick answer that Dr. Press called President Carter, waking him in the middle of the night. President Carter immediately accepted Deng’s proposals.
邓小平还经常邀请华裔科学家讨论。他的关键问题总是：怎样才能提升中国科学？ 1978年，当弗兰克普雷斯，卡特总统的科学顾问，访问中国，他印象深刻的是，邓建议派遣更多的学生和学者到美国，比普雷斯博士此行所能提供数字还要多。邓小平如此坚持一个快速回答，以至普雷斯博士半夜叫醒了卡特总统。卡特总统立即接受了邓小平的建议。
In the 30 years since Deng started his revolution and further opened China’s doors to foreign trade and investment, hundreds of millions have risen above the poverty level, China has become the workshop of the world, urban slums have been replaced by forests of modern high-rise buildings, superhighways have succeeded dirt roads and cars have displaced donkey carts.
在30年来，自邓小平开始了他的革命，进一步开放中国的大门，向外国贸易和吸引投资，亿万人民从贫困生活中提升，中国已成为世界工厂，城市贫民窟被由高层建筑组成的现代森林取代，高速公路取代土路，汽车取代了驴车。
To be sure, the last 30 years have had plenty of problems — corruption, crackdowns on dissidents, environmental degradation, unequal educational opportunities and a failing rural health system. Chinese leaders lacking confidence in their ability to maintain public order are not likely to listen to Western advice on how to handle human rights, minorities and dissidents. China will move at its own pace, but Deng’s revolution demonstrated that it is able to take positive lessons from the West.
可以肯定的是，过去30年来有很多问题-腐败，打击持不同政见者，环境退化，教育机会不平等和不合格的农村医疗卫生制度。中国领导人有点失去维护社会治安能力的信心，但不太可能听取西方对如何处理人权，少数民族和持不同政见者的意见。中国将按照自己的速度前行，但邓小平的革命表明，它能够从西方获取积极的东西。
So on this 60th anniversary, we should join in the celebration of the Deng revolution and not be distracted by the portrait of Mao hanging in Tiananmen Square.
所以在这60周年之际，我们应该加入庆祝邓的革命的活动当中，不要去为天安门广场挂的毛画像分心。
作者傅高义，哈佛大学社会科学荣誉退休教授，写过一本关于邓小平的著作。 |
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发表于 2009-10-8 16:54
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