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本帖最后由 rhapsody 于 2009-11-12 19:32 编辑
【原文标题】Why Africa welcomes the ‘new colonialism’
【中文标题】为何非洲欢迎“新殖民主义”
【登载媒体】英国泰晤士报
【来源地址】http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol ... /article6908835.ece（貌似已经失效，但点击原文库链接可见截图）
【原文库链接】http://bbs.m4.cn/thread-206114-1-1.html
【译者】rhapsody
【声明】本译文供Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，谢绝转载；谢谢合作。
【译文】
Beijing is enjoying its burgeoning power. But it should tread carefully: the continent has a habit of frustrating grand plans
北京当局正享受其迅速增长的力量。但它应小心行事：这个大洲习惯于挫伤宏伟计划。
As the Chinese Prime Minister, Wen Jiabao, meets African leaders at the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in Sharm el-Sheikh today he will look back with some satisfaction on what has happened since the great meeting in Beijing three years ago when 48 out of Africa’s 53 rulers walked up the red carpet of the Great Hall of the People to shakes hands with him and President Hu Jintao. Since that symbolic moment of friendship — or obeisance — trade with Africa has doubled from $50 billion to more than $100 billion, exceeding China’s own predictions. China may overtake the EU as Africa’s biggest trading partner before long.
当中国总理温家宝今天在沙姆沙伊赫（埃及）的中非合作论坛上会见非洲领导人，回顾三年来所发生的事情时，他会感到些许欣慰。三年前会议在北京隆重举行时，非洲的53个领导人里边有48个走上了人民大会堂的红地毯，与他和胡锦涛主席握手。从那以后，友谊——或臣服带来的标志性活动——对非贸易的规模已从500亿美元翻番，超过了1000亿美元，这超出了中国自身的预计。不久后中国就可能取代欧盟成为非洲最大的贸易伙伴。
China is already the most powerful outside player in Africa. It assiduously courted Africa’s 53 leaders for their votes as part of its policy to thwart Taiwan’s quest to join the UN. Only four countries have not succumbed to Beijing’s lure and now it feels politically strong enough to challenge the West in Africa. The tipping point was July 12, 2008, the day that China vetoed a British and American resolution at the UN that would have imposed a ban on arms sales on Zimbabwe and a travel ban on its rulers. When Jack Straw was Foreign Secretary he said in a casual reference to China in Africa: “Welcome to the new colonialism.” The Chinese were so angry they cut all contact with the UK on African issues for a year. China is ready to demonstrate its new power there.
中国已是非洲最大的外来势力。它专心致志地博取53个非洲领导人的选票支持，作为其阻止台湾申请加入联合国的政策的一部分。只有4个国家没有屈从北京当局的引诱，中国也感到其在政治上已有足够力量能在非洲挑战西方。引爆点出现在2008年7月12日，该日中国否决了英国和美国在联合国提出的本能对津巴布韦实施武器禁售以及禁止该国领导层人员出国旅行的决议。当杰克·斯特劳担任外交大臣时，他曾在非正式场合谈及中国在非洲的影响：“欢迎来到新殖民主义”。【译注：斯特劳于2006年2月中旬访问尼日利亚时发表了一篇演讲，将中国与贫困、地区冲突、恐怖主义等一道列为非洲面临的十大挑战之一。据与会人士讲，斯特劳当时还声称，“中国今天在非洲所做的，多数是150年前我们在非洲做的”。】中国对此很生气，切断了与英国在非洲事务上的沟通，时间长达一年。而中国已准备好在那展示自己的新力量。
Economically China’s thirst for raw materials and oil has been good news for the continent, driving up its average annual growth rate to 5.4 per cent in the decade before the crash. For the first time millions of Africans can afford watches, new shirts, radios, even mobile phones, thanks to cheap Chinese goods — though clothes exports from China devastated South Africa’s textile industry. And to obtain sweet deals on raw materials, China wooed African rulers with grand infrastructure projects and promises of aid.
中国在经济上对于原材料和石油的渴求对这个大洲来说是好消息，非洲在经济危机爆发之前十年的年均增长率因此被推高到了5.4%。多亏了廉价的中国商品，数以百万计的非洲人第一次能买得起手表、新衬衫、收音机，甚至是移动电话——但中国出口的衣服摧垮了南非的纺织业。而为了获得诱人的原材料合约，中国用大型基础设施项目来博得非洲领导人的支持，并承诺提供援助。
Despite the recession — and a resulting 30 per cent drop in the value of Africa-China trade this year — Chinese investment and aid have continued and Mr Wen may announce today increased aid to Africa to show China is not a fair-weather friend. Much of what Beijing calls aid is cheap credit to Chinese companies investing in Africa, but these companies are now being pushed away by state backers and told to find commercial lenders. Despite the fall-off in trade, China’s direct investment in Africa is expected to grow by nearly 80 per cent this year and now represents nearly a tenth of China’s total overseas direct investment. Unlike the short future time-frame of Western countries, Chinese companies plan to a 30-year horizon.
虽然经济危机使得今年非中贸易总额下降了30%，但中国的投资和援助仍得以继续，温总理今天也许会声明提高对非洲的援助，以示中国并非是只能同甘却不能共苦的伙伴。北京当局所称的援助大多是对在非洲投资的中国企业提供的廉价信贷，但这些企业正在被国有资助方拒绝，被告知需要找商业借款人。尽管贸易额出现下降，中国对非洲的直接投资今年预期将上升近80个百分点，现在占到了中国海外直接投资总规模的十分之一。与西方国家采取短期行为的方式不同，中国企业规划的时期长达30年。
Many see China’s engagement in Africa as a catastrophe for the continent. There is a widespread perception that saintly Britain had adopted this poor little girl called Africa and was busy saving her from hunger, war, disease and poverty. Suddenly big, greedy China, flashing huge deals and cheap goods, has seduced the girl and is leading her astray, even raping her. And to make it worse for Britain, ungrateful Africa sometimes feels that although Chinese intentions may not be entirely honourable, China at least treats her like a grown up.
许多人视中国同非洲的往来为该大洲的一个大灾难。人们普遍认为神圣的不列颠（英国）认领了这个叫非洲的可怜小女孩，并一直努力帮她摆脱饥饿、战争、疾病和贫穷。突然间，庞大而贪婪的中国来了，亮了亮手中的巨额合约和廉价货物，勾引了这个小女孩并引诱着她走上歧途，甚至强奸她。而对不列颠来说更糟的情况是，忘恩负义的非洲尽管有时觉得中国的意图也不是完全的光明正大，但至少中国有把她当作一个大人看待。
【译注：之前原文库和曝光台都有坛友关注这段，故以较亮颜色标出】
African leaders do not necessarily love China, but its ambassadors do not lecture them about elections, corruption, transparency and human rights. They welcome its non-interfering, government-to-government approach. China’s presence allows these leaders to play off East and West and push against the demands of Western donors, the IMF and the World Bank.
虽然非洲领导人不一定喜爱中国，但中国的大使不会向他们大谈选举、腐败、透明和人权。他们欢迎中国不干涉的、政府间（对话）的方式。中国的存在使得这些领导人可以在东西方之间施展推手，拒绝西方捐助者的要求，如国际货币基金组织和世界银行。
When Westerners complain about China’s behaviour the Chinese point to the state of Africa and ask why it is still so poor after centuries of trade and Western influence, including some 60 years of colonialism.
当西方人抱怨中国的举动时，中国人指向非洲国家质问道，为何非洲经历了几个世纪的贸易、受到了几个世纪的西方影响后仍是如此贫穷，其间还包括长约60年的（西方）殖民统治。
These days China’s desperate search for mineral deals can lead it into the sort of mistakes the West made in the past. In Guinea, for example. Last year the thuggish army captain, Moussa Dadis Camara, seized power on the death of President Lansana Conté. In September his presidential guard shot and killed at least 150 opposition demonstrators — an action condemned by regional governments and the African Union, which promptly imposed sanctions.
现时中国对矿产的迫切追寻可能使其重蹈西方过去的覆辙。以几内亚为例，去年残暴的陆军上尉穆萨·达迪斯·卡马拉在总统兰萨纳· 孔戴去世后夺取了政权。【译注：2008年10月23日，原几内亚总统孔戴因病逝世；消息公布后仅数小时，几内亚部分军人发动政变，卡马拉上尉代表政变军人宣布解散政府及所有国家机构，并暂停实施宪法，同时成立由军方和民间代表组成的32人“国家民主与发展委员会”（卡马拉自任委员会主席），暂时管理国家事务。】今年九月，其总统卫队枪杀了至少150名反对派示威者——这一行为遭到了所在地区其他国家政府和非洲联盟（非盟）的谴责，非盟随即对其实施了制裁。
Yet days later one of Camara’s ministers announced that a $7 billion deal had been struck with China. Its International Development Fund agreed to buy oil and mining concessions in return for building roads and railways. Foreign Ministry officials in Beijing insisted that this was a Hong Kong-based fund with no formal ties to the Chinese Government. Yet it operates in Angola and other African countries with the diplomatic support of Beijing.
但几天过后，卡马拉政权的一名部长宣布已经与中国达成了价值70亿美元的协议。中国的国际开发基金同意以修建公路和铁路为代价来购买石油和矿产的开采权。外交部官员坚称这是一个香港境内的基金，与中国政府并无正式联系。但该基金是在北京当局的外交支持下在安哥拉和其它非洲国家运营。
In places such as Guinea and Sudan, the Chinese may have to learn the hard way that secret deals with governments — especially coup leaders — will not protect their investments or benefit Africa’s development. The Chinese want stability and consistency, but they will find that African governments can rarely deliver these. Although you may have official permission and may find Africa welcoming at first, it has ways of tripping up hungry newcomers, frustrating their grand plans. You have to learn how to operate in Africa’s culture and hidden power structures.
在几内亚和苏丹之类的地方，中国或许必须认识到，与这些国家政府——尤其是通过政变上台的领导人——达成秘密交易这种强硬的方式，并不能保护他们的投资，也不会有利于非洲的发展。中国想要稳定和连贯，但他们会发现非洲国家的政府极少有能达成这些目标的。虽然你得到了官方的许可，最初也可能受到非洲的欢迎，但这个大洲有的是让饥渴的新来者犯错误的方法，挫伤他们的宏伟计划。你需要学习如何在非洲的文化环境及其暗藏的权利架构下运作。
Western countries cannot lecture China on behaving better in Africa. Prickly China is too defensive and the West’s own past makes hectoring unproductive. But Western countries, Britain in particular, do have in-depth knowledge and experience of Africa and could offer insights that China may welcome. The Department for International Development has already started to talk to the Chinese on such issues.
西方国家无法劝说中国在非洲表现得更规矩点。易怒的中国有着很重的戒心，而西方自身的过去使得威吓没有成效。但西方国家，尤其是英国，确实对非洲有着深入的认知和经验，可以提供一些中国兴许会乐见的见解。（英国）国际开发部已经开始就这样一些议题和中国展开对话。
On democracy and respect for human rights, it is up to the British and Americans to try to persuade the Chinese that only these will create what they call stability and consistency in Africa’s fragile states. China may not adopt these virtues at home, but it may learn that in Africa they are essential.
在民主和尊重人权方面，英美应尝试劝说中国只有这些才能在非洲的脆弱国家创造他们所谓的稳定和连贯。中国可能不会在其境内采纳这些价值观，但它或许会认识到这些在非洲是必不可少的。 |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-11-12 19:25
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发表于 2009-11-12 19:41
