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本帖最后由 rhapsody 于 2009-11-18 01:40 编辑
【原文标题】The US-China power balance
【中文标题】美中实力对比
【登载媒体】BBC
【来源地址】http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8363952.stm
【原文库链接】http://bbs.m4.cn/thread-207112-1-1.html
【译者】rhapsody
【声明】本译文供Anti-CNN使用,未经AC或译者许可,谢绝转载;谢谢合作。
【译文】
当美国总统贝拉克·奥巴马在北京会见中国领导人的时候,两国关系似乎是现有超级大国和崛起中的巨人之间的关系。
但中国需要增长多快和多少才能匹敌美国的经济和军事实力呢?
经济
【图一:美国2009年9月对华贸易收支,单位:百万美元】
美国已经对中国形成了巨额的贸易赤字。美国指出这在一定程度上是由于中国人为地维持自身货币的弱势,使得其产品在海外显得更便宜。
【图二:财富差距——GDP(按购买力平价计),单位:万亿美元】
直到上世纪90年代,美国经济还是强势增长,而中国仍处于相对停滞的状况。但自从那时开始,尤其是千禧年过后,在经济改革、庞大劳力和巨额投资的带动下,中国的增长速度已急剧攀升。
军事
美国的军费开支继续傲视其他所有国家。
【图三:中美两国军事开支(按美元实价计),单位:十亿美元,蓝色:美国,黄色:中国】
分析师认为,对中国军事实力作出精确估计是困难的,因为其官方的国防预算几乎肯定是远低于实际支出的。
而人民解放军——几乎多达125万人——仍是世界最大规模。由于军队进行现代化以及对更高端科技的武器体系进行投资,其预算已有了迅速的增长。
【图四:中国1950—2008年的军事开支,单位:十亿人民币】
人口
【图五:人口比较,单位:百万人,蓝色:美国,黄色:中国】
中国庞大的人口为该国经济提供了大量可用的劳动力。
三十年前,“计划生育”政策在城市里实行以限制家庭规模;而当该国人口已达到十三亿的时候,这项政策近来得到了重申。
近期经济繁荣的一个结果是中产阶层的壮大,该阶层基于观察到的西方标准对生活标准提出了更高要求。
分析师预计这可能使已经有限的食物、水和其他自然资源变得更为吃紧。
【原文】
As US President Barack Obama meets China's leaders in Beijing, the two countries' relationship appears to be that of established superpower and emerging giant.
But how far and how fast does China have to grow to match the United States' economic and military might?
ECONOMY
The US has built up a massive trade deficit with China. The US argues that this is partly because China has kept its currency artificially weak, which makes its products cheaper overseas.
Until the 1990s, the US economy grew strongly while China remained relatively stagnant. Since then, and especially since the turn of the millennium, China's growth rate has surged, driven by economic reforms, a huge workforce and massive investment.
MILITARY
US military spending continues to dwarf all other countries.
Getting an accurate assessment of China's military capabilities is difficult, analysts say, because the official defence budget is almost certainly far lower than actual spending.
But the People's Liberation Army - at almost 1.25 million strong - remains the world's largest. Its budget has grown rapidly as the military modernises and invests in more high-tech weapons systems.
POPULATION
China's huge population gives the country's economy a vast workforce from which to draw.
Thirty years ago, the "one child policy" was introduced in cities to limit the size of families, and this was reaffirmed recently when the population reached 1.3 billion.
One result of the recent economic boom has been a growing middle class, demanding a higher standard of living based on perceived Western standards.
Analysts predict this is likely to further stretch already limited food, water and other natural resources. |
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