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本帖最后由 vivicat 于 2009-11-19 17:35 编辑
【中文标题】奥巴马访华--对华关系新时代的标志
【原文标题】In Obama Trip, Signs of New Era in China Relations
【登载媒体】纽约时报
【译者】chandlerbing
【原文库链接】http://bbs.m4.cn/thread-207108-1-1.html
【翻译方式】人工
【声明】本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不得转载。
【来源地址】http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/18/world/asia/18prexy.html
【译文】
By EDWARD WONG and HELENE COOPER
Published: November 17, 2009
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BEIJING — President Obama and President Hu Jintao of China met in private off Tiananmen Square here on a frigid Tuesday morning to discuss cooperating on issues like trade, climate change and the nuclear programs of Iran and North Korea, in a session that signaled the central role of China on the world stage and that highlighted the different approaches that it and the United States are taking on urgent problems around the globe
北京，天安门广场。在一个寒冷的周二早晨，美国总统奥巴马与中国主席胡锦涛举行了一次个人会晤。双方讨论了一些合作议题，如贸易问题，气候变化，朝鲜及伊朗核问题。这次会议标志着中国在世界舞台上的中心角色，也显露了中美双方对待世界问题的不同方法。
The leaders insisted to reporters afterward that the United States and China were in agreement on a range of issues, and that the countries had affirmed commitments to work together to resolve their conflicts, but they spoke only in general terms, raising doubts about whether the two countries could easily bridge the gaps. )
会后会见记者时，双方坚称，美中两国在某些问题上达成了共识，而且双方重申了共同努力解决双方分歧的承诺。然而，美中双方只是泛泛而谈，令人不得不怀疑，双方是否能够轻易地越过鸿沟。
On Tuesday afternoon, Mr. Obama toured the Forbidden City before arriving at the American Embassy to give a speech to employees there.2 V3 g5 F. C8 |3 P4 G
周二下午，奥巴马参观了紫禁城，然后抵达美国大使馆，向使馆人员发表了讲话。
Some analysts said the news conference was notable more for spelling out the points on which the two nations disagreed than for presenting any substantial agreements reached.
据某些分析人士称，相比两国真正达成的共识，本次新闻发布会所暴露的双方分歧要更引人注目。
Also noteworthy was the range of issues on which the United States was asking China’s help, something that might have been unthinkable before the United States became embroiled in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and before its economy was hobbled by the global financial crisis that began on its shores. China, meanwhile, has so far weathered the financial crisis in relatively good form.
另一个注意点就是在某些问题上，美国需要中国的帮助。在美国深陷伊拉克及阿富汗之前，在美国经济因此次全球金融危机而蹒跚难行之前，人们很难想象，美国会提出这些问题。而与此同时，中国经济在这次金融危机中却相对良好。
“Before the financial crisis, the U.S. was in a world leader position,” said Shi Yinhong, a professor of international relations at the People’s University of China in Beijing. “Now, with China and the United States, maybe we see that the U.S. depends on the China for more issues than China depends on the U.S.”# e7 H& E0 k6 Q
易红石，中国人民大学国际关系学教授说：“金融危机之前，美国是世界的领头雁。而现在，在中美关系中我们可以看见，也许美国求中国的事情比中国求美国的事情还要多。”
Neither of the presidents took questions from reporters, staying in line with the minutely stage-managed atmosphere of Mr. Obama’s first visit to China, which began on Sunday. They said in separate speeches that the two nations would work together to stabilize the teetering world economy, contain the dangers of climate change and prevent nuclear proliferation. Later, the White House released a joint statement from the two leaders stressing those points and giving a few more details regarding each.
二位领导人都没有回答记者的提问，因为自周日奥巴马访华开始，他的行程中的每一分钟都经过了精心安排。两位领导人分别发表了讲话，表示两国要共同努力，稳定摇摇欲坠的世界经济，遏制气候变化威胁，以及防止核扩散。稍后，白宫发布了一份两位领导人的联合声明，声明中不仅重申了上述观点，还增添了每个观点的细节。
The public pronouncements made throughout the day were full of familiar rhetoric. At the start of their first meeting, Mr. Obama told Mr. Hu: “We believe strong dialogue is important not only for the U.S. and China, but for the rest of the world.”
整个公报使得当天充斥着相似的外交辞令。双方会议一开始，奥巴马就告诉胡主席：“美方相信，中美两国强有力的对话不仅有益与两国，也有益于整个世界。”
Mr. Hu, in the news conference, said: “During the talks, I underlined to President Obama that given our differences in national conditions, it is only normal that our two sides may disagree on some issues. What is important is to respect and accommodate each other’s core interests and major concerns.”
胡主席在新闻发布会上说：“谈话期间，我向奥巴马总统强调，由于国情不同，双方之间在某些方面有不同看法是很正常的。重要的是，我们两国要相互尊重并适应彼此的核心利益与关注的重点。”
From the news conference and the joint statement, the first issued by leaders of the two countries since 1998, it appeared that the bulk of the meetings consisted of the sides affirming their positions on the wide-ranging issues. Chinese leaders, for instance, said the U.S. should avoid protectionism, a reference to the spate of tariffs that have recently been levied against Chinese-manufactured goods. President Hu notably did not make any nod toward changing the value of the Chinese currency, the renminbi, which American officials have been pushing for in order to help American exporters.PresidentObama said he respects Chinese sovereignty over Tibet and the one-Chinapolicy, a reference to sovereignty over Taiwan, but also urged China totalk to the Dalai Lama, whom Chinese leaders accuse of being a“splittist,” and said the United States would continue to abide by theTaiwan Relations Act, which mandates sales of arms of a defensivenature to Taiwan.Evenon climate change, an issue that the Obama administration hadprioritized earlier this year in hopes that it would provide a platformfor bilateral cooperation, the two countries did not seem close.
从这次新闻发布会及联合声明（自1998年以来两国首脑首次签署此类声明）来看，似乎双方在整个会议上所谈的是确认彼此在许多议题上的立场。比如，中国领导人认为美国应当避免贸易保护主义--他们指出，美国政府最近针对中国工业产品大量征税。令人注意的是，胡主席没有明确表示要升值人民币汇率，而美国政府为了帮助美国出口，正在积极推动人民币升值。奥巴马总统说，他尊重中国对西藏的主权以及一个中国政策，该政策指的是中国拥有对台湾的主权。但他也敦促中国与达赖喇嘛开启谈话，而后者被中国领导人成为“分裂分子”。奥巴马也宣称，美国将继续信守《台湾关系法案》，该法案授予政府出售台湾防卫武器的权利。即使是在环境变化方面（奥巴马政府今年早些时候将其列入重点，希望能在这一点上为两国合作搭建一个平台），双方观点似乎也并不相近。
Analysts say the fact that crucial legislation on climate change has stagnated in Congress has undermined the negotiating power of the United States. China, meanwhile, continues to assert that any environmental measures taken must be balanced with the need for economic growth.- o!
据分析，由于国会迟迟未通过相关气候变化的重要法案，美国在就这个问题进行谈判时的说服力明显降低。而与此同时，中国仍声称任何环境保护措施都要与经济增长相平衡。
“Since China and the U.S. have totally different national conditions, they should take actions respectively in light of such realities on the ground,” He Yafei, a vice minister of foreign affairs, told reporters at a news conference in the afternoon.
在星期二下午的新闻发布会上，中国副外长何亚非对记者说，“因为中国与美国的国情有着根本的不同，所以两国要根据各自实际情况，采取不同措施。”
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The Americans also held a news conference, at almost the same time, in which a senior White House official said it would have been unrealistic to expect huge breakthroughs during the morning sessions.# {: ?$ J. F0 G" e/ x
几乎与此同时，美国人也举行了一个新闻发布会。会上白宫官员说，如果期望在上午的会谈中取得巨大进展，这将是不现实的。
“I do not think that we expected the waters would part and everything would change over the course of our 2.5 days in China,” he said.- P9 Q% ^ r' d0 P# D" \$ Y
.这位官员称：“在两天半之行的中国之行中，我不认为奇迹会出现，事情也不会全部改变。”
The joint statement indicated that there would be many more rounds of talks ahead on all the major issues: more talks to discuss how to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, more talks on how China could help bring peace to South Asia and, of course, more talks on the trade gap. Currency valuation and trade issues are the top priorities in a series of continuing bilateral talks between the two countries called the Strategic and Economic Dialogue.
该联合声明表示，在某些重大议题上，双方仍将进行多轮磋商：减少温室气体排放；中国如何为南亚带来和平；当然，还有贸易分歧。在一系列中美两国的双边战略经济对话中，汇率及贸易问题将成为重中之重。
“I think that disagreements are still there,” said Mr. Shi, the professor at People’s University. “Most of them have not substantially changed. This effort, by both leaders, shows they understand that they should do better in agreeing to disagree and in controlling the disputes, whether those are over Iran or trade or over Taiwan. Both leaders have increased their determination to control the disputes, to prevent disputes from spoiling the relations.”$ s1
人民大学施教授说：“我认为双方仍存在分歧，而且其中的大部分都没有根本的改变。双方领导人所做的努力显示出他们明白，双方应更好地允许分歧，控制分歧，无论这些分歧是有关伊朗，贸易，还是台湾。双方领导人控制分歧的决心更加强大，以防止这种分歧破坏双边关系。”
The leaders greeted each other at the door of the Great Hall of the People after Mr. Obama’s motorcade slithered its way past thousands of onlookers crowding around Tiananmen Square, in front of the giant portrait of Mao, to catch a glimpse of the American president.
数千名中国群众拥挤在天安门广场周围，毛泽东相前，希望能一睹美国总统。奥巴马总统的车队在人群中蜿蜒前进，最后双方领导人在人民大会堂门前互致问候。
The leaders shook hands and walked up the red carpet, Chinese military leaders facing them. At the conference table where the first bilateral meeting was held, Mr. Obama sat flanked by senior cabinet members, including Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton and Lawrence H. Summers, director of the National Economic Council.9 u
握手过后，两位领导人走过红地毯，来到中国军队领导人面前。在会议桌前，双方举行了首轮双边会议。奥巴马的两翼是资深顾问团成员，包括国务卿希拉里克林顿，以及国家经济委员会主席劳伦斯 H. 萨默。
The meeting between Mr. Obama and Mr. Hu came the day after Mr. Obama tried to hold a frank and public discussion with Chinese students in Shanghai. The event was called a town hall, but Mr. Obama’s meeting with about 500 students had little in common with the sometimes raucous exchanges that have become a fixture of American politics., e6 W: x9 F& ?- f. F; {
在奥巴马总统与胡主席的会晤的前一天，奥巴马在上海试图与中国学生进行一次坦诚公开的会谈。该次对话被称为“市政厅会谈”，但是同美国政治的常态—不时地积极交换意见相比，奥巴马与500名学生的会谈几乎没有相同之处。
[It was, instead, an example of Chinese stagecraft. Most of those who attended the event at the Museum of Science and Technology turned out to be members of the Communist Youth League, an official organization that grooms obedient students for future leadership posts.
这次对话是中国式做戏的一个典范。参加这次自然科技博物馆会谈的学生中，大部分却是共青团员。共青团是培训顺从学生的一个官方机构，而这些学生中将会出现未来的领导人。
`Some Chinese bloggers whom the White House had tried to invite were barred from attending. Even then, the Chinese government took no chances, declining to broadcast the event live to a national audience — or even mention it on the main evening newscast of state-run China Central Television.% d+ r$ T+ }* K/ T& ~6 a
白宫所邀请参加会谈的博客们，均被中国政府拒之门外。即使这样，中国政府仍然谨慎行事，婉然拒绝了向全国人民直播这次讲话—甚至在晚间的新闻联播中，国营的中央电视台也没有提及此事。
The scripted interaction underscored the obstacles Mr. Obama faces as he tries to manage the American relationship with an authoritarian China, whose wealth and clout have surged as its economy has weathered the global downturn far better than the United States’ or Europe’s.
这次排练好的交流凸显了与权威主义中国处理关系中奥巴马所面临的种种困难。相比美国与欧洲，中国在全球经济不景气中处境较好。由此，中国的财富大幅增加，影响力大幅上升。
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发表于 2009-11-18 21:17
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