【中文标题】中国调查注射猪流感疫苗后的死亡事件
【原文标题】China Investigates Deaths After Swine Flu Shot
【登载媒体】时代周刊
【原文链接】http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1939575,00.html
【译者】满仓
High school students receive the H1N1 vaccine in Shenyang, northeast China, on Nov. 12, 2009
Chinese health officials reported on Nov. 13 the first deaths in people who received the H1N1 vaccine. The Ministry of Health announced that the two people, including a teacher from Hunan province, died hours after receiving their inoculations. Since September, when the ministry began its H1N1 immunization program, 12 million Chinese have received the pandemic flu shot.
A preliminary autopsy revealed that the teacher died of an apparent heart attack while playing basketball, and a ministry spokesperson told the China Daily newspaper that the death was a "coincidental medical incident" and not related to the vaccine. No details on the second victim have been released thus far.
As they conduct an autopsy investigation into the second death, Chinese health officials have pulled all vaccines that were manufactured in the same batch used to inoculate the teacher. Although the H1N1 vaccine has been rigorously tested and vetted for safety, no inoculation can be considered 100% safe, and some may cause adverse events, including death, in some people.
Taking an aggressive approach to the pandemic flu, the Chinese government in June asked 11 biotech companies to develop a pandemic H1N1 vaccine. Beijing-based Sinovac succeeded in developing the world's first approved swine flu shot. The company raced to conduct clinical trials and was the first to report that a single dose of vaccine, instead of the two doses that most flu experts believed would be necessary, was sufficient to protect against 2009 H1N1. In early September, China became the first country to begin swine flu inoculations.
But by the end of October, 54% of Chinese residents reported in a China Daily survey that they would not get the H1N1 vaccine because of concerns about the shot's safety. That prompted the director of the World Health Organization's Beijing office, Dr. Michael O'Leary, to tell the newspaper, "The H1N1 vaccine is one of the safest vaccines being used. When it's available to me, I would not hesitate to get the vaccine developed and produced by China."
Three vaccine manufacturers in China, including Sinovac, have received orders from the government for more than 34 million doses. Among the 12 million people inoculated so far, 1,235 have complained of side effects, ranging from sore arms, rashes and headaches to anaphylactic shock and sudden drops in blood pressure.
While the Chinese government has been criticized for its draconian public-health response to swine flu — using quarantines, canceling school and detaining entire planeloads of people when a single passenger appears to have flulike symptoms — the country's officials say the strict measures helped stem the spread of flu. So far, China reports about 36 deaths and 62,800 H1N1 cases — compared with U.S. government estimates of 4,000 American deaths and 22 million infections. China plans to immunize 65 million citizens, or 5% of the country's population, by the end of the year. As in the U.S., health officials are targeting high-priority groups first, including the military, police, health care workers, teachers, students and those with chronic diseases.
2009年11月12日，中国东北部城市沈阳的高校学生在接受H1N1疫苗注射。
中国卫生部官员通报，11月13日出现了第一例接种H1N1后的死亡事件。截止到目前，卫生部已经宣布了两起死亡事件。其中包括一名河南省的教师，在接受注射后几个小时死亡。从9月份开始，卫生部开始了H1N1免疫接种工作，已经有1200万中国人接种了这种流感疫苗。
初步验尸结果明确显示该教师在打篮球时死于心脏病。卫生部发言人在接受中国日报采访时说，该死亡病例是“偶然性的医疗事件”，与疫苗无关。目前还没有第二名死亡者的详细信息。
在着手调查第二名受害者死因的同时，中国卫生部的官员收回了与该教师接受注射的同一批生产的疫苗。尽管H1N1疫苗已经经过了严格的测试和检查，但也不能保证100％安全，在某些人身上会产生负面效果，包括死亡。
中国政府采取了一项激进的措施来防治流感，6月份，有11家生物科技公司被要求研发H1N1流感疫苗。最终，北京科兴生物制品有限公司成功研制出世界上首个猪流感疫苗。该公司最先进行了临床试验，并且宣布只需要一针就可以代替大部分流感专家所认为必须的两针，达到预防2009H1N1流感的目的。9月初，中国在世界上首先开始猪流感疫苗的接种。
但是到了10月底，中国日报的一项调查显示，有54％的中国人不愿意接种猪流感疫苗，原因是担心其安全问题。这引发了世界卫生组织北京办公室的主任Michael O'Leary博士对新闻媒体的以下言论：“H1N1疫苗是曾经使用过的最安全的疫苗之一。如果我可以做决定，我会毫不犹豫地让中国来开发、生产这种疫苗。”
包括科兴在内的中国三家疫苗生产企业接到政府的要求，生产3400万支疫苗。在目前已经接种的1200万人中，有1235人曾经反应过副作用的现象，从胳膊疼痛、发疹子、头痛到过敏性休克和突然性的血压下降。
尽管中国政府为其严厉的公共健康反应措施而遭受批评，包括隔离、学校停课以及因为一名乘客表现出疑似流感症状而拘留整个航班的人，但是中国的官员表示，严格的措施有效地抑制了流感的扩散。到目前为止，中国报告了36人死亡，62800人感染H1N1。与此相比，美国政府估计的死亡人数为4000人，感染病例为2200万。中国计划到今年年底为6500万人接种疫苗，占其人口总数的5％。而在美国，卫生官员当前的目标首先是高优先级人群，包括军队、警察、医疗从业人员、教师、学生和慢性病患者。 |
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发表于 2009-11-23 14:38
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发表于 2009-11-23 14:53
