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【中文标题】苏丹恐惧的新年 【原文标题】Sudan's new year of fear 【登载媒体】BBC 【来源地址】http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/jan/05/sudan-fear-peace-deal-collapse 【译者】qljshsy 【翻译方式】人工 【声明】本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不得转载。 【译文】
On Saturday, there will be exactly a year left to prevent the return of a conflict that was once the longest-running in Africa – Sudan's north-south war, which claimed about 2 million lives.
在星期六，苏丹将剩下刚好一年时间来避免重燃战火，苏丹南北战争是非洲历时最长的战争，夺走了2百万人的生命。 With elections due this year and 365 days left until the crucial referendum on independence for the south, concern is growing among analysts, advocacy groups and NGOs working in Sudan that the spectre of widespread conflict is once again a reality.
今年苏丹举行选举，而365天后，苏丹南部将进行至关重要的决定独立与否的公民投票。苏丹的分析家、游说团体，以及非政府组织逐渐感到忧虑，广泛的战争可能又一次成为现实。 The comprehensive peace agreement that ended the 22-year civil war between north and south Sudan has its fifth anniversary on 9 January. Anyone who visited the south during those years, the camps of displaced people in the north, or the refugee camps that sprang up along the Ethiopian border, will know how important it is to prevent the re-ignition of that war.
苏丹全面和平协议曾结束了22年的国内战争，一月九日是该协议的5周年纪念日。任何人在这些年造访了苏丹南部后，看到了北部流离失所的帐篷，或埃塞俄比亚边境蔓延的难民营。都认为必须防止苏丹内战的重燃。 Of the millions killed, hundreds of thousands were burned to death in their southern tribal villages, with women and children captured and taken to the north of the country. Entire communities were eradicated from the map in a country whose remote vastness hid the atrocities from the eyes of the world.
在几百万被害者中，无数人在苏丹南部部落的村庄里被烧死。女人和孩子被掠去北方。整个整个的社区被从地图上抹去，而这个国家的偏远和辽阔使得暴行没有为世界所知。
This week sees the launch of Sudan365, a global campaign, as well as a major joint-agency report – Rescuing the Peace in Southern Sudan – which warns that a cocktail of rising violence, chronic poverty and political tensions has left the peace deal on the brink of collapse.
这个星期见证了苏丹365组织的成立，苏丹365是一个全球运动，也是一个主要的联合机构—拯救南部苏丹和平—报告，这个报告警告道:暴力增加、长期贫困以及政治紧张的交织在一起，让和平事业处于崩溃的边缘。 Next Monday Daniel Deng, the archbishop of the Episcopal church of Sudan, and Rowan Williams, the archbishop of Canterbury, will meet Gordon Brown to discuss the growing crisis. A new Chatham House report urges the international community to re-engage with Sudan; and Glenys Kinnock, the minister for Africa, is travelling out there this week.
下周一，苏丹天主教大主教Daniel Deng和坎特伯雷大主教Rowan Williams将会见Gordon Brown讨论了不断增长的危机。一个新的Chatham House report催促国际社会再度推动苏丹，而非洲秘书长Glenys Kinnock这个星期将访问苏丹南部。 By comparison with past casualties recent skirmishes seem minimal. But with the inter-agency report recording 2,500 lives lost in a single year – a serious spike – the ceasefire is in open crisis. Meanwhile, 350,000 people have been displaced from their homes.
相对于过去的伤亡来说，最近的冲突看似规模较小，但国内机构报道说，去年大约2500人丧生。停火处于危机之中。同时大约35万人被从家园赶走了。 Analysts note that both sides of the divide are now moving into a potentially explosive endgame. And even as trouble grows in the south, in the western region of Darfur and in neighbouring Chad millions continue to suffer daily in refugee camps – seven years after the Darfur conflict erupted. People there are unsure whether their fate is worse than death. Militias surround these supposed places of safety, and women are raped walking for firewood; rations are meagre; and the hope of returning home diminishes with every passing year.
政治分析家们宣布，现在双方都快进入爆炸性冲突的最后阶段。在达尔富尔冲突爆发七年之后，苏丹南部的困难在增加，甚至在达尔富尔西部区域和咋得边境，上百万人仍然在难民营忍受痛苦。人们甚至感觉他们的命运比死亡更坏。苏丹民兵包围了这些看似安全的地方，女人们在寻找木柴的途中被强奸；配给供应不足；重返家园的希望一年年慢慢破灭。 Further complicating the global picture, Sudan's president, Omar al-Bashir, is wanted by the international criminal court for war crimes including genocide. He has since taken his revenge by throwing several aid agencies out of Darfur – precisely where humanitarian needs remain critical.
更多的事情复杂了全球的情景。苏丹总统Omar由于其战争罪行，包括有计划地种族灭绝，被国际刑事法庭通缉。为反抗国际刑事法庭，他将好几个国际援助组织赶出了达尔富尔。而达尔富尔正非常需要人道主义者。 I visited Sudan many times during the war, and have since been to Chad to see those desperate people living in a raging heat surrounded by little more than sticks and earth. In southern Sudan every child had their own story of atrocity, whether the loss of a parent to the swipe of a machete, the burning of their home and their crops by horseback militias, or the long walks across barren nothingness with no food or water.
在战争期间，我曾多次访问苏丹，还去乍得察看了那些绝望的人们，他们住在仅有一些木棍和泥巴围起来的酷热地方。在苏丹南部，每个儿童都有他们残暴的故事，弯刀狠狠地夺取了他们父母的生命，家园被烧毁，谷子被骑马的民兵抢走，没有食物和水穿过荒凉的无人区。 The lines are blurred by many complex factors, one of which is oil. While the country remains intact, the preferred method of extraction by the northern government has been to burn the tribal peoples from their land. But should the country be partitioned in two, some 87% of oil revenue would be held by the south. Will Khartoum really let those oilfields go.
苏丹冲突有许多复杂的因素互相交织，其中一个重要因素是石油。尽管国家还是完整的，北方政府首选的开采方法是烧毁部落的家园将民众赶出土地。但是如果国家被分成两半，石油收入的87%将会归南方所有，喀土木政府会放弃这些油田吗？ The consequences of a return to war will be dire not just for Sudan. The northern government is backed and armed by China, which exploits many of the oilfields, while the south is backed largely by the US and other western countries. Meanwhile, the north was home to Osama bin Laden, who lived in Sudan from 1992 to 1996.
重燃战火的后果将是可怕的，不仅仅是对苏丹。开采了许多油田的中国支持并武装了北方政府。而南方则主要由美国和西方国家支持。同时，北方曾是是本拉丹的家，他1992-1996年曾在苏丹生活。
With a year left to act, a lasting peace for Africa's largest country may yet be a possibility, but campaigners will have to shout loud to be heard when there are conflicts where western soldiers are currently engaged. Many Sudanese now feel it is time for Barack Obama to earn his Nobel peace prize. After all, it is not peacekeepers or sanctions or soldiers that the civilian population are seeking. The Sudanese understand that only dialogue can now prevent a return to war.
有一年的时间去行动，非洲最大国家的持续和平仍然是可能的，但是在西方军队已经介入的地方，当冲突发生时，campaigners将不得不大声呼吁好让自己的声音被听到。许多苏丹人觉得现在是奥巴马赢得诺贝尔和平奖的时候了。毕竟，平民不想要维和部队、制裁和士兵。苏丹人知道，只有对话才能阻止战争的重启。 | 
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发表于 2010-1-7 15:02
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发表于 2010-1-7 15:54
