【中文标题】新闻界猛烈抨击中国的审查制度
【原文标题】Press group slams Chinese censorship
【登载媒体】CNN
【原文链接】http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/01/31/china.censorship/index.html?iref=allsearch
一篇国际新闻工作者联合会（IFJ）的报道称，网络监察力度在增强，一些网站被“全部或部分关闭”。
“媒体必须停止报道东莞精神病院发现尸体的事件。”
“媒体不可以报道与胡锦涛主席长子有关的腐败指控事件。”
“媒体不可以报道2004年东方航空公司发生的造成52名乘客死亡的坠机事故所引发的受害者对航空公司的起诉事件。”
据IFJ提供的信息，这些仅仅是中国政府在2009年任意施加在媒体身上的60多条规章中的一小部分，这些限制条款通常是秘密发布的。
新闻自由组织说它曾经收到过书面的媒体命令，并将其发表在“中国坚持管控：2009年的新闻自由”这份报告中。
在星期天发布的这份报告中，IFJ说，7月份的时候，对国家西部种族暴乱的报道遭到了严密的控制。官方甚至发布明确的命令告知媒体如何报道巴拉克奥巴马在11月份对中国的访问。
IFJ的报告中说，当奥巴马举办类似市政厅仪式的会议时，媒体被告知不要组织听众向他提出任何问题，并且不允许报道“奥巴马访问期间的抗议和自发式新闻”。
该组织声称，2008年北京奥运会期间，新闻的自由度相对宽松了一些，但是随后中国加倍实施了严格的监察制度。
CNN向中国外交部和华盛顿中国使馆致电，但都没有得到立即的回复。
IFJ的报告还说，中国的媒体得到指示，不要显著报道伊朗在6月份有争议的总统选举之后发生的抗议事件。
他们不可以报道有关澳门行政长官选举的任何事情，不能报道难民进入中国的事件，涉及到公共卫生、政治抗议和腐败的信息也不可以见诸媒体。
IFJ的报告得到了“中国人权卫士”这个组织的帮助，其中提到，他们可以用英文报道一些事情，但是不可以用中文报道；有些内容可以出现在报纸上，但是不能出现在网络上。
更不用提去年两个纪念日时期的媒体自我监察行动了：T-A-M事件纪念日和1959年西藏起义纪念日。
报告说：“媒体已经不需要被告知如何来报道这些事情，他们都非常清楚这类话题不可以有独立的报道。大部分记者和媒体从业人员都学会了自律，而不需要命令和制度……自我审查已经变成了自我保护。”
来自政府的命令有时会带有明确的威胁“中央宣传部会进行处罚”，这仅仅是北京对抗媒体的手段之一。
IFJ说，中国很明显越来越关心网络问题。
“网络监控手段进行了升级，一些网站被部分或全部关闭。社交网站被关闭，在线新闻的入口被监控，一些网络记者和博主被拘留甚至逮捕。”
媒体的“准入制度在2009年被收紧，网络记者越来越难得到批准”。
报告中提到，外国记者曾经遭遇过“粗暴对待、破坏工作设备……监察和惩罚”。
IFJ说：“尽管遇到了这些困难，很多记者还是寻找各种方法把新闻传播出去。”
中国在10月份举办了一届世界媒体峰会，吸引了世界级新闻机构的领导人参加，包括美联社、路透社、新闻集团、俄塔社、日本的共同社和中国的新华社。
据新华社的报道，胡主席在会议上的讲话谈到：“媒体承担社会责任的意义从来没有像现在这样重要。”
胡承诺，中国政府会维护外国媒体的合法权益，并且在法律范围内，继续支持外国媒体在中国报道的覆盖范围。他是否对中国媒体做出过类似承诺不得而知。
11月份奥巴马访问中国，在回应中国公众有关互联网限制的问题时，他批评了中国的监控制度。
他说：“因为在美国信息是完全自由的，所以我在美国遭到了很多批评，人们在谈论我各方面的问题。我认为这实际上让我们的民主更加强大了，并且促使我成为一个更好的领导者，因为我不得不去听那些我不喜欢的意见。”
这个月早些时候，国务卿希拉里克林顿访问中国，调查所谓的谷歌在中国遭信息入侵事件。该事件导致这个互联网搜索巨人威胁退出中国。
克林顿说：“我们期望中国政府彻底调查导致谷歌发表退出声明的计算机信息入侵事件，我们还希望调查的过程和结果保持透明。”
5年前，谷歌同意接受中国的部分审查，以换取在这个国家大规模兴起的技术市场中开展生意的权利。谷歌现在说，监察制度和入侵中国持不同政见者的谷歌电子邮箱的行为让他们必须重新考虑这个决定。
IFJ是这样描述自身的：“一个非政府、不盈利的组织，旨在通过发展强大、自由、独立的记者协会来促进协调的的国际行动，以期保护媒体自由和社会公正。”
原文：
An IFJ report says online surveillance increased, and Web sites were "entirely or partially closed."
(CNN) -- "Media must cease reporting on the discovery of a body at a psychiatric hospital in Dongguan."
"Media must not report on corruption allegations relating to the eldest son of President Hu Jintao."
"Media must not report on a lawsuit against China Eastern Airlines by victims of a plane crash in 2004 in which 52 passengers were killed."
Those are just a few of more than 60 restrictions the Chinese government slapped on the media in 2009, often secretly, according to the International Federation of Journalists.
The press freedom group said it obtained written media-related orders which are published in its report, "China Clings to Control: Press Freedoms in 2009."
Tight controls were put on reporting of ethnic riots in the west of the country in July, and clear orders were issued for how to report President Barack Obama's visit to the country in November, the IFJ said in the report released Sunday.
The press was instructed not to organize questions for the public to ask Obama at a town-hall style event he did in the country and was banned from reporting on "protests or spontaneous news during Obama's visit," the IFJ report said.
It all added up to a year of increased censorship in China, on the heels of a period of relative openness around the Beijing Olympics in 2008, the group charged.
CNN's calls to the Chinese Foreign Ministry and the Chinese Embassy in Washington were not immediately returned.
The IFJ report said that Chinese media were ordered not to report prominently on protests in Iran following the country's controversial presidential election in June.
They were barred from reporting at all on elections for the chief executive of Macau, a region of China, and were waved off stories about refugees entering China, threats to public health, political protests and corruption, the report said.
They were allowed to report about some stories in English but not Mandarin, and others in newspapers but not online, said the report, which was compiled with the help of a group called Chinese Human Rights Defenders.
That's not to mention self-censorship in the press around two key anniversaries last year: the Tiananmen Square pro-democracy protests and the Tibetan uprising of 1959, the IFJ said.
"Media did not need to be ordered how to report these matters -- they were very aware there was to be no independent reporting on these topics," the report said. "Most journalists and media outlets would self-censor and there would be no need for regulations or orders... self-censorship remains a matter of self-preservation."
Direct orders from the government -- sometimes containing the explicit threat of "punishment from the Central Propaganda Department" -- was only one element in Beijing's arsenal against the press, the report said.
China is clearly concerned about the Internet, the IFJ suggested.
"Online surveillance was stepped up, Web sites were entirely or partially closed, online social networks were shut down, online news portals were censored, online journalists and bloggers were detained and arrested."
Press "accreditation rules tightened further in 2009... making it difficult for online journalists to gain accreditation," the report said.
And foreign journalists encountered "acts of violence, destruction of work materials and equipment... surveillance and reprimands," the report said.
But "despite the difficulties, many journalists try to go out of the way to get the news," the IFJ said.
China hosted a World Media Summit in October, drawing the heads of some of the world's largest news organizations, including the Associated Press, Reuters, News Corporation, Russia's Itar-Tass, Kyodo of Japan and China's own Xinhua.
President Hu addressed the conference, saying "it is more important than ever before that the media should establish and uphold social responsibilities," according to Xinhua.
Hu pledged the Chinese government would safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of foreign news media and continue to facilitate foreign media coverage of China in accordance with the law, Xinhua reported. It is not clear that he made a similar promise regarding Chinese media.
Obama criticized censorship in his November visit to China, responding to questions from the Chinese public about restrictions on the Internet.
"Because in the United States information is free, and I have a lot of critics in the United States who can say all kinds of things about me, I actually think that that makes our democracy stronger and it makes me a better leader because it forces me to hear opinions that I don't want to hear," he said.
Earlier this month, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton called on China to investigate alleged hacking of Google in the country -- prompting the Internet search giant to threaten to pull out of China.
"We look to the Chinese authorities to conduct a thorough review of the cyber intrusions that led Google to make its announcement. And we also look for that investigation and its results to be transparent," Clinton said.
Five years ago, Google agreed to allow some censorship by China, in exchange for the right to operate in that country's massive emerging technology market. The company now says censorship and the hacking of Chinese dissidents' Google e-mail accounts have prompted it to reconsider.
The IFJ calls itself "a non-governmental, non-profit organization that promotes coordinated international action to defend press freedom and social justice through the development of strong, free and independent trade unions of journalists."
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狗仔卡
发表于 2010-2-3 12:38
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显身卡
发表于 2010-2-3 12:43
西梅最喜欢据某人士说，也许是某人士说的吧~
