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本帖最后由 下个月 于 2010-3-21 13:00 编辑
【中文标题】中国从美国吸引高科技公司
【原文标题】China Drawing High-Tech Research From U.S.
【登载媒体】New York Times
【来源地址】http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/18/business/global/18research.html
【译者】和解团结
【翻译方式】人工
【声明】本翻译供 Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不得转载。
【原文库链接】http://bbs.m4.cn/thread-231665-1-1.html
【译者说明】
这篇文章主要是讲随着中国高科技的发展，越来越多的美国高科技企业向中国转移的事的，其中主要写了应用材料公司的例子
对这个问题感兴趣的可以参考以下相关资料
Applied Materials--美国应用材料公司
公司网址：http://www.appliedmaterials.com/
维基百科：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Materials
天涯上的一个讨论
有在西安Applied materials公司的，这个公司的面试很严吗？
http://bbs.city.tianya.cn/tianyacity/Content/266/1/18841.shtml
新浪的一个报道
美国应用材料公司借太阳能发力中国
http://finance.sina.com.cn/chanjing/b/20080322/15144655575.shtml
报道中的主人公的介绍
Mark R. Pinto
http://www.appliedmaterials.com/about/bio_mark_pinto.html
另外，刚才发现没有办法调整颜色和字体或者插入图片，原文配有一个图片，可以在原文库里看到
【译文】
XIAN, China — For years, many of China’s best and brightest left for the United States, where high-tech industry was more cutting-edge. But Mark R. Pinto is moving in the opposite direction.3
中国•西安报道—多年来，许多中国最优秀和最聪明的人都去了美国，因为那里的高科技产业处于处于相对领先地位。但是马克•R•平托却在向相反的方向移动。
Mr. Pinto is the first chief technology officer of a major American tech company to move to China. The company, Applied Materials, is one of Silicon Valley’s most prominent firms. It supplied equipment used to perfect the first computer chips. Today, it is the world’s biggest supplier of the equipment used to make semiconductors, solar panels and flat-panel displays
平托是第一位移往中国的美国主要科技公司的首席技术管（CTO）。他所在的公司，美国应用材料公司，是硅谷最杰出的公司之一。该公司曾提供过用来完善第一批电脑芯片的设备。今天，它是世界上最大的半导体，太阳能板和纯平显示器的供应商。
In addition to moving Mr. Pinto and his family to Beijing in January, Applied Materials, whose headquarters are in Santa Clara, Calif., has just built its newest and largest research labs here. Last week, it even held its annual shareholders’ meeting in Xian
除了让平托先生和他的家庭在一月份移居北京外，总部位于加州Santa Clara的应用材料公司还在中国建起了它最新最大的实验室。上个星期，它甚至在西安举行了自己的年度股东大会。
It is hardly alone. Companies — and their engineers — are being drawn here more and more as China develops a high-tech economy that increasingly competes directly with the United States
（在这一流向中国的大潮中）应用公司并不是唯一的。随着逐步可以和美国直接竞争的中国高科技经济的发展，越来越多的各种公司和他们的工程师被吸引到了中国。
A few American companies are even making deals with Chinese companies to license Chinese technology
一些美国公司甚至从中国公司那里购买科技的使用授权。
The Chinese market is surging for electricity, cars and much more, and companies are concluding that their researchers need to be close to factories and consumers alike. Applied Materials set up its latest solar research labs here after estimating that China would be producing two-thirds of the world’s solar panels by the end of this year.
中国的电力，汽车等市场需求正在急速增长，各种公司也认为他们的研发人员应该靠近工厂和顾客。在估计到中国在今年年底将会生产世界上三分之二的太阳能板后，应用材料公司在这里建立起了它最新的实验室。
“We’re obviously not giving up on the U.S.,” Mr. Pinto said. “China needs more electricity. It’s as simple as that.”: M; R& M+ U5 ?2 L3 O6 ]
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China has become the world’s largest auto market, and General Motors has a large and growing auto research center in Shanghai
“很显然，我们并不会放弃美国”，平托先生说。“只是中国需要更多的电，仅此而已”中国如今已经成为了是世界上最大的汽车市场，并且通用汽车在上海也有一个庞大并且成长着的汽车研发中心。
The country is also the biggest market for desktop computers and has the most Internet users. Intel has opened research labs in Beijing for semiconductors and server networks.(
这个国家还有着世界上最大的电脑市场和最多的网民。英特尔在北京也开了半导体和服务器网络的实验室。
Not just drawn by China’s markets, Western companies are also attracted to China’s huge reservoirs of cheap, highly skilled engineers — and the subsidies offered by many Chinese cities and regions, particularly for green energy companies., p8 {' u: ^) P- S! \% G/ ?) Z
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Now, Mr. Pinto said, researchers from the United States and Europe have to be ready to move to China if they want to do cutting-edge work on solar manufacturing because the new Applied Materials complex here is the only research center that can fit an entire solar panel assembly line
吸引西方公司的并不仅仅是中国的市场，还有中国大量的廉价而熟练的工程师，以及众多中国城市和地区给出的补贴，尤其是对清洁能源公司的。如今，平托先生说，如果来自美国和欧洲的研究人员想做关于太阳能生产领域的前沿性研究，他们就必须做好移居中国的准备，因为应用材料的新研究中心是这里唯一可以容纳一整条太阳能板生产线的地方。
“If you really want to have an impact on this field, this is just such a tremendous laboratory,” he said.
“如果你真想在这个领域产生影响，这个巨大的实验室就是你所需要的，”他说
Xian — a city about 600 miles southwest of Beijing known for the discovery nearby of 2,200-year-old terra cotta warriors — has 47 universities and other institutions of higher learning, churning out engineers with master’s degrees who can be hired for $730 a month.
西安—一个离北京西南600英里，以有2000年历史的兵马俑而著名的城市，拥有47座大学和其他高等教育机构，大量的产出着拥有硕士学位，一个月挣 730美元工资的工程师。
On the other side of Xian from Applied Materials sits Thermal Power Research Institute, China’s world-leading laboratory on cleaner coal. The company has just licensed its latest design to Future Fuels in the United States.The American company plans to pay about $100 million to import from China a 130-foot-high maze of equipment that turns coal into a gas before burning it. This method reduces toxic pollution and makes it easier to capture and sequester gases like carbon dioxide under ground.
在西安应用材料公司的另一面，坐落着国电热工研究院，中国在清洁煤方面具有世界领先水平的实验室。这个公司刚把自己最新的设计授权卖给了美国的未来能源公司。美国的这个公司打算付出一亿美元从中国进口一个130英尺高的，可以在燃烧前将煤变成气体的复杂设备。这个方法可以减少污染气体的排放，并且使像二氧化碳这样的气体在地表下得到隔离。
Future Fuels will ship the equipment to Pennsylvania and have Chinese engineers teach American workers how to assemble and operate it.! eSmall clean-energy companies are headed to China, too.
未来内源公司将把这个设备运到宾夕法尼亚州，并且让中国的工程师教美国的工人如何组装和运行它。小一点的清洁能源公司也在前往中国。
NatCore Technology of Red Bank, N.J., recently discovered a way to make solar panels much thinner, reducing the energy and toxic materials required to manufacture them. American companies did not even come look at the technology, so NatCore reached a deal with a consortium of Chinese companies to finish developing its invention and mass-produce it in Changsha, China.% Q6 @5 z, ?6 x3 w
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“These other countries — China, Taiwan, Brazil — were all over us,” said Chuck Provini, the company’s chief executive.- v4 [/ p;
位于新泽西州班克市的NatCore Technology最近新发现了一种可以将太阳能板做的更薄，以便减少制作他们时消耗的能量和有毒材料的方法。美国的公司甚至没有去那里看一下这个技术，于是NatCore和一个中国的一群企业达成了协议，以便完善他们的发明，并且在中国长沙进行大规模的生产“其他的这些国家—中国，台湾，巴西—早就超过我们了”，公司的总裁Chuck Provini说道。
President Obama has often spoken about creating clean-energy jobs in the United States. But China has shown the political will to do so, said Mr. Pinto, 49, who is also Applied Materials’ executive vice president for solar systems and flat-panel displays.- I
奥巴马总统经常提到要在美国创造与清洁能源相关的工作。但是中国却显示出了这么干的政治决心，应用材料公司49岁的太阳能和平板显示器部门的副总裁平托说道
Locally, the Xian city government sold a 75-year land lease to Applied Materials at a deep discount and is reimbursing the company for roughly a quarter of the lab complex’s operating costs for five years, said Gang Zou, the site’s general manager./ ?, v/ O! P7 J# v) {( x+ b$ }
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The two labs, the first of their kind anywhere in the world, are each bigger than two American football fields. Applied Materials continues to develop the electronic guts of its complex machines at laboratories in the United States and Europe. But putting all the machines together and figuring out processes to make them work in unison will be done in Xian. The two labs, one on top of the other, will become operational once they are fully outfitted late this year.
在地方上，西安市政府以相当的折扣卖给应用材料公司了一块有75年时间的土地租赁协定，并且大约报销了公司实验室五年内运营成本的四分之一，在场的总经理 Gang zhou说道。这两座世界上最新型的实验室，其中的任何一座都比橄榄球场要大。应用材料公司依然在其美国和欧洲的实验室里研发他们复杂机器的内部电路。但是，将所有的机器组装起来，并且让各个部分正常运转的工作则将在西安完成。这两个各有所长的实验室，将在今年年后他们的设备齐全后立即开始工作。
Applied Materials has built a 360-employee operation here in Xian after announcing an 18-month program last year to reduce employment by 10 to 12 percent, or 1,300 to 1,500 jobs, including layoffs in the United States and Europe. Mr. Pinto said that the company was readjusting its work force as manufacturing shifted to Asia, but that the Xian facility involved a new approach to researching the design of an entire assembly line and was not replacing laboratories elsewhere
在去年宣布要在美国和欧洲裁员10-12%，约1300到1500个工作岗位后，应用材料公司在西安建立了这个有360名员工的项目。平托先生说，随着制造业向亚洲的转移，公司正在调整自己的劳动力组成，但是西安的设施是用来研发一种新型装配线的设计的，并不会取代别处的实验室。
Mr. Pinto is a well-known figure in Silicon Valley in his own right. While still a doctoral student at Stanford in the early 1980s, he wrote the first widely used two-dimensional computer simulation of how semiconductors work. This allowed engineers to test each one on a computer before building prototypes, shortening the semiconductor development proces
平托先生在硅谷本身就是个著名的人物。在八十年代他还在斯坦福读博士的时候，他就编写了第一个被广泛应用了的用来计算半导体如何工作的二维电脑模拟程序。这个程序可以让工程师们在建立原型机之前就对每个半导体在电脑上进行测试，以便减少半导体的研发过程。
Later, he became a celebrated researcher at Bell Labs.
之后，他成为了贝尔实验室的一个声誉卓著的研究员。
With China’s economy gaining strength, Mr. Pinto and his wife, then living in Santa Clara, began insisting in 2005 that their sons study Chinese once a week.
随着中国经济实力的增强，住在圣克拉拉的平托先生和他的妻子，从2005年开始坚持让他们的儿子们每周都要上一次中文课。
Now 10 and 11, the boys are improving their Chinese and mastering the art of eating with chopsticks.; q- B0 ~! Applied Materials has greater challenges, including fighting technological theft, a chronic problem in China.
现在，他们的两个10岁和11岁的儿子正在提高着自己的中文水平，学习着如何用筷子吃饭。应用材料公司也面临着巨大的挑战，包括和科技盗窃做斗争，和其他长期性的问题。
The company has taken measures, including sealing its computers’ ports here, to prevent the easy use of flash drives to record data. Employees are not allowed to take computers from the building without special permission, and an elaborate system of computer passwords and electronic door keys limits access to certain technological secrets.
为此，公司采取了多种措施，包括封闭他们在中国的计算机的各种端口，以便阻止使用闪存来记录数据。员工们在未经允许的情况下不许把电脑拿出建筑物，除此以外还有一套精心设计的电脑密码，电子门锁的系统，以限制对重要技术机密的进入。
But none of that changes the sense that tectonic shifts are under way.When Xei Lina, a 26-year-old Applied Materials engineer here, was asked recently whether China would play a big role in clean energy in the future, she was surprised by the question./ {0 z' t# z2 d0 U" D' ]+ I“Most of the graduate students in China are chasing this area,” she said. “Of course, China will lead everything.”7 q( P2 r0 i& ^7 P, A4 a
但是这一切都没有改变那巨大的变革是不可逆转的认识。当26岁的工程师Xei Lina最近被问到中国是否会在未来的清洁能源领域扮演一个重要角色时，她对这个问题感到不可思议。“很多中国的毕业生都在这个领域努力着，”她说道，“当然，中国会引领一切。” |
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发表于 2010-3-20 23:25
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