【中文标题】中国的受教育者担忧未来 之三 回到毛的时代？
【原文标题】Educated and Fearing The Future in China - Going Back to Mao?
【登载媒体】纽约时报
【原文作者】Daniel A. Bell
【原文链接】http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/03/07/educated-and-fearing-the-future-in-china/
Daniel A. Bell是清华大学政治哲学系教授，著有《中国的新孔学：一个不断改变社会中的政治和日常生活》。
孔子说：“在教育方面，没有社会阶级。”（译者注：即“有教无类”）平等的教育机会这一价值观深植于中国人的文化中，这也可以解释为什么中国的父母，无论社会背景如何，都给他们的孩子施加很大压力，期望学业有成。
这也可以解释大学统一考试制度存在的原因。应该说，这是中国腐败现象最少的领域之一。它至少部分地为所有学生提供了一个平等的机会，通过考试者进入大学，无论其社会关系如何。
为了迎合社会对更多教育机会的需求，政府在过去十年里平均每年扩招30％的大学生，即使是在经济蓬勃发展的环境中也是如此。可以预见到的结果就是大批的大学毕业生无法找到工作。我自己的学生们，名牌清华大学的毕业生，也感觉到了压力，尽管他们的压力仅仅是降低期望值或者调整自己的计划，而不是对抗失业。
在过去，人文科学专业的大学毕业生，在北京、上海的外国公司或中国金融机构找到高薪工作并不难。但是现在，很多毕业生在考虑到小型城市或欠发达地区去工作。其它人加入了攻读研究生的队伍，推迟找工作。还有一些人在考虑一些与自己的专业不相干的工作。
我的一个学生毕业后在一家重点初中找到了一份语文教师的工作，她说：“在这里想挣到大钱是不可能的，但是我肯定的一点是，我在这里工作很愉快。”
越来越多的毕业生选择参加公务员考试。尽管他们对政府都有各自的疑虑，但是在经济状况不明朗的环境下，一份政府的工作越来越被看好。
面对目前就业困难的局面，政府把大学招生人数年增长比率削减为5％。但是社会对大学毕业生的需求依然没有停止增长，政府发现越来越难维持一个“和谐社会”了。
以我个人的观点来看，长远的解决方法是改变父母们的期望值。不是所有人都注定是一个成功的专家或者政府官员，学生们需要在早期被分流，接受职业培训，类似于德国的教育体系。
但是父母们必须接受体力工作和脑力工作具有同样的社会价值这一理念。从这个角度来看，部分毛泽东思想或许可以被重新引入中国社会。
原文：
Daniel A. Bell is professor of political philosophy at Tsinghua University and author of “China’s New Confucianism: Politics and Everyday Life in a Changing Society.”
“In education, there are no social classes,” Confucius said. The value of equal opportunity for education has deep roots in Chinese culture and may help to explain why most Chinese parents, regardless of social background, put so much pressure on their kids to do well in school.
It also helps to why explain the university entrance examination system — one of the least corrupt institutions in China — is designed at least partly to provide an equal opportunity for all students. Those who make the cut go on to university, regardless of social connections.
In response to societal demands for more educational opportunities, the government has boosted university enrollment by 30 percent annually over the past decade. Even in the context of a booming economy, the predictable consequence is that there are large numbers of unemployed college students. My own students — graduates of the elite Tsinghua University — are also feeling the pinch, though it usually means lowering their aspirations or changing their plans rather than coping with unemployment.
In the past, it wasn’t too difficult for graduates in the humanities to find highly paid jobs with foreign companies or Chinese financial institutions in Beijing or Shanghai. Many graduates are now considering working in smaller and less developed cities. Others are enrolling in graduate programs that delay the job search. Still others are considering jobs outside of their majors.
One of my graduate students has found a job as a Chinese teacher at a highly regarded secondary school and she says “with this job it will be impossible for me to make a great fortune but I’m quite sure I will be very happy.”
Increasing numbers of graduates are competing to take the civil service exams. Whatever their private misgivings about the government, a government job is increasingly seen as the best option in economically uncertain times.
In response to the job crunch, the government is cutting back on university enrollment growth to 5 percent annually. But the demand for university spots won’t stop growing and the government will find it increasingly difficult to maintain a “harmonious society.”’
The only long-term solution, in my view, is to change parental expectations. Not everyone is destined to be a successful professional or government official, and students will need to be filtered at an earlier age to vocational training, similar to the educational system in Germany.
But parents need to accept that working with hands can be just as socially valuable as working with the mind. A bit of Maoism, in that sense, might need to be reintroduced to China. |
狗仔卡
发表于 2010-3-22 10:23
提升卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
发表于 2010-3-22 21:39
教育是一国之本。。。
