【2010.3.15 时代周刊】中国在货币冲突中瞄准美国

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【中文标题】中国在货币冲突中瞄准美国
【原文标题】China Takes Aim at the U.S. on Currency Conflict
【登载媒体】时代周刊
【来源地址】http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1971959,00.html
【译者】HgHg
【翻译方式】人工
【声明】本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不得转载。
【原文库链接】http://bbs.m4.cn/thread-231102-1-1.html
【译文】



Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, during a news conference following the closing session of the National People's Congress in Beijing on March 14, 2010
Jason Lee / Reuters

2010年3月14日，中国总理温家宝在北京全国人大会议闭幕后的新闻发布会上
Jason Lee/路透


At one moment during Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao's press conference on Sunday, it was easy to confuse whom he was criticizing when he denounced efforts by some countries to lower the value of their currency to boost trade.

在周日中国国务院总理温家宝的新闻发布会上，当他抨击某些国家贬值货币以刺激贸易的努力时，使人很容易误解他批评的是谁。

"What I do not understand is the practice of depreciating one's own currency and attempting to pressure other countries to appreciate theirs for the purpose of increasing exports," he told reporters during a nationally televised event that wrapped up the annual session of China's parliament. "In my view, that is a kind of trade protectionism." (See pictures of the making of modern China.)

“我所不解的是，为了提高本国的出口而贬低本国的币值，反过来又企图用施压的办法来强迫别国的货币升值，”他在人大闭幕后全国电视直播的记者会上，对记者说，“我以为这种做法是一种贸易保护主义的做法。”（#译者注：温家宝的原话摘自这里：http://news.163.com/10/0314/11/61NUD1O50001124J.html。另外原文最后的括号与内容无关，无视，下同）

Wen was presumably referring to the U.S.: President Obama declared in a speech last week that he wanted to double U.S. exports over the next five years and challenged China to adopt a "market-oriented exchange rate" for its currency, the renminbi. But the policies that Wen was criticizing are in many respects what China has pursued for years. The renminbi has been pegged against the dollar since mid-2008, and overseas economists say the currency may be undervalued by as much as 40%. Trade is a key component of economic growth for China, the world's largest exporter, and the government is wary of any sort of collapse that could contribute to unemployment. Efforts to boost exports, including the currency peg, helped Chinese manufacturers weather the worst of the global downturn last year and grab more market share from some competitors. Last month, Chinese exports grew 45.7% over February 2009, up from a 21% increase for January.

温总理大概是在指上周美国总统奥巴马发表的一个演说，在演说里奥巴马总统表明要在接下来五年内将美国出口翻番，并要求中国对人民币采取一个"市场化的汇率"。可是，温总理批评的政策在很多方面正是中国追求了很多年的政策。从2008年中期开始，人民币对美元的汇率固定下来（#译者注：pegged against可能是经济学专业名词有专用译法，求专业人士验证），而海外的经济学家们认为人民币的价值可能被低估了40%之多。作为世界上最大的出口国，贸易是中国经济发展的一个重要因素，因此中国政府谨慎提防任何可能导致失业的贸易崩溃。政府包括固定汇率在内的一系列促进出口的努力，使中国的生产厂商们经受住了去年最严重的全球经济衰退，并且从一些竞争对手那抢到了更多的市场份额。上个月，中国出口比去年同期增长45.7%，高于一月份21%的同比增长率。

Wen's comments follow a period of deteriorating Sino-U.S. relations that began late last year, when he was accused of snubbing Obama during the Copenhagen climate talks. On Sunday, Wen said he had been slighted first when he wasn't invited to a meeting of national leaders during the conference in Denmark. He responded by sending a deputy official, which prompted criticism from some delegations.

在温总理发表这些评论前，从去年底开始中美关系就开始恶化。当时他被指责在哥本哈根气候峰会上傲慢对待奥巴马总统。在周日的新闻发布会上，温总理表示当时他被轻视在先，原因是他没有被邀请参加丹麦会议中的一个国家领导人会议。他对此的回应是派出一个代理官员参加，因此激起了一些代表团的批评。

Relations between the two powers came under strain again in January after Obama approved a $6.4 billion arms package to Taiwan, the self-ruled island that China considers part of its territory. A month later, Obama met the Dalai Lama at the White House, further angering the Chinese, who consider the exiled Tibetan spiritual leader to be a "splittist" who advocates independence for Tibet. Wen blamed the U.S. for the recent difficulties, specifically citing the Taiwan arms sale and the Dalai Lama meeting. "The responsibility for the serious disruption in U.S.-China ties does not lie with the Chinese side but with the U.S.," he said. (See pictures of China's infrastructure boom.)

两个大国之间的关系在今年一月又开始紧张，起因是奥巴马总统批准了一个64亿美元的对台军售案，而台湾是一个中国认为是自己领土的一个自治岛屿。一个月之后，奥巴马总统在白宫会见了达赖喇嘛，而进一步激怒了中国人，因为中国人认为这个被流放的西藏精神领袖是一个支持西藏独立的“分裂分子”。温总理指责美国造成最近中美关系紧张，还特别提到了对台军售和会见达赖喇嘛。他说：“中美关系受到严重的干扰，这个责任不在中国，而在美方。”。（#译者注：温家宝原话摘自http://news.sohu.com/20100314/n270807720.shtml）

Taiwan and Tibet have long been points of dispute between the U.S. and China. During 2009 they were largely avoided, as Obama delayed final approval of the arms sale, which was initially greenlighted by his predecessor, George W. Bush, and postponed the Dalai Lama meeting to avoid offending Beijing ahead of his first state visit to China. Following this year's arms-sale announcement, however, China cut off high-level military exchanges with the U.S., which had been recently restored following China's protest over a previous weapons package that was approved by Bush in 2008.

台湾和西藏长期以来都是中美之间争论的焦点。在2009年期间，它们很大程度上被回避了，如奥巴马延迟了军售案的最终认可，而这个军售案最初是由他的前任乔治 W 布什总统批准的。奥巴马还推迟了和达赖喇嘛的会面，以免在他第一次对中国国家访问之前激怒北京政府。可是，在今年军售案公布后，中国中止了与美国的高层军事交流，而此交流在2008年中国抗议布什总统批准的另一个军售案之后才刚刚恢复。

Broaching two sensitive issues in such a short time period would inevitably weaken ties, but other issues have contributed. After U.S. Internet giant Google threatened to pull out of China in January, citing Chinese censorship and sophisticated hacking attacks on its infrastructure, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton cited China in a speech in support of online freedom. China and Google have held talks recently, and the Financial Times reported on Saturday that the company was "99.9 %" certain to close its google.cn site, which is aimed at Chinese users and censors search returns according to Chinese regulations.

在这么短的时间内触及两个敏感问题当然会影响两国关系，然而此外还存在别的因素。在今年1月，美国网络巨头谷歌以中国的网络审查以及对其系统实施了精明的黑客攻击为由，威胁退出中国，在此之后美国国务卿希拉里 克林顿在一个支持网络自由的演说里提到了中国。中国和谷歌最近进行了谈判，据周六的金融时报报道，谷歌"99.9%"确定将要关闭google.cn网站，这个网站是面向中国用户的，并遵守中国规定过滤搜索结果。

But trade looms even larger as a source of tension between the two sides. Last year, China's economy expanded at a robust 8.7% despite the global downturn. As the U.S. and other nations struggle to resume growth and reduce high unemployment, they are eyeing China's performance with both envy and agitation. In April, the U.S. Treasury Department will be required by law to declare whether China manipulates its currency — an announcement that could fuel calls in Congress for retaliatory measures against the nation.

贸易是两国关系的一个更大的潜在压力因素。去年，在全球经济衰退下中国经济仍然稳健地增长8.7%。美国和其他国家仍然在努力继续发展并降低高失业率，他们看到中国的表现感到既羡慕又不安。在今年4月，依照法律美国财政部将声明中国是否操纵了他们的货币——一个可能促进国会对中国报复行动的消息。

In his speech on Sunday, Wen shot down expectations that China would allow the value of the renminbi to appreciate significantly, saying it was correctly valued and would remain "basically stable at a reasonable level" this year. "We oppose nations finger-pointing or even using forceful methods to compel a country to raise the value of its currency," he said. He also worried openly about the value of China's dollar-denominated assets, including $895 billion in U.S. Treasury debt. He warned the U.S. not to depreciate its currency to boost trade, as it would hurt the value of Chinese-held assets. The U.S. depends on China's Treasury purchases to fund its budget deficit, which is forecast to exceed $1.5 trillion this year. Still, U.S. lawmakers are unlikely to give much credence to Wen's statement that he doesn't understand how a country could devalue its currency to boost trade. It is, after all, China's own policy.

在他周日的演讲中，温家宝否定了认为中国将使人民币显著升值的期望，他表示人民币现在的价值是正确的并且将保持"在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定"（#译者注：温家宝原话摘自http://2010lianghui.people.com.cn/GB/11136132.html）。他说：“我们反对各国之间相互指责，甚至用强制的办法来迫使一国的汇率升值”（#译者注：温家宝原话摘自http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2010-03-14/102719861234.shtml）。另外，他公开对中国的美元资产表示担心，包括8950亿美元的美国国债。他警告美国不要贬值美元以促进贸易，因为那会伤害到中国美元资产的价值。美国依赖中国财政采购来弥补经费赤字，而今年的赤字预计将达到15000亿。但是，美国的决策者们很可能不会重视温家宝关于不理解贬值货币以促进贸易的声明。因为那正是中国自己的政策。

medien

好像颠倒过来了吧？

是美国瞄准了中国吧？

HgHg

摊手，原文标题写的就是中国瞄准美国，应该是指温家宝批评美国政策的事。这篇文章的偏向性还是很严重的。

青蛙小王子

pegged against在此应该翻译成“钉住”
如：
with hopes high for a China-led recovery, they now imply that the peg against the dollar will stay in force for another year.
由于市场对中国引领全球经济复苏寄予厚望，目前外汇远期市场的走势显示，人民币钉住美元的汇率政策还将维持一年的时间。

The authorities' decision to institute a de facto peg against the dollar was explicitly billed as a commitment not to devalue the yuan.
在这种情况下，人民币钉住美元的决定显然相当于人民币不贬值的承诺。

何艳

认真拜读了，谢谢！

小鱼在乎

如果人民币升值话，别说大学生，就连农民工也可以批量回家种田了。

无可就要

本着“出了问题赖别人”的优良传统，美国一次又一次地把中国当成替罪羊，即能为自己的失败寻找借口，又能转移国内矛盾，博取同情

hhjnet

应该是美国先瞄准了中国。。。