本帖最后由 下个月 于 2010-4-10 23:11 编辑
【中文标题】研究员：中国政府雇佣28万人提升其网络形象
【原文标题】Researcher: China pays 280K people to boost its Web image
【登载媒体】CNN
【来源地址】http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/03/26/china.astroturf/index.html?hpt=Sbin
【译者】下个月
【翻译方式】人工
【声明】本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不得转载
【原文库链接】http://bbs.m4.cn/thread-233825-1-1.html
【译文】
"Astroturfing" is the act of tyring to boost one's image online with fake comments and paid-for reviews
“假冒草根”是指在网络上用虚假意见和有偿评论提升其（个人，公司，政府）形象的行为
Editor's Note: Rebecca MacKinnon, who is quoted in this article, is a former CNN journalist.
编者按：这篇文章引自前CNN记者瑞贝卡，麦金农
(Ars Technica) -- If you thought corporate "astroturfing" (fake grassroots activity) was a problem at sites like Yelp and Amazon that feature user reviews of products, imagine how much worse it would be if the U.S. government employed a couple hundred thousand people to "shape the debate" among online political forums. Crazy, right? What government would ever attempt it?
(Ars Technica)如果你认为某公司在诸如Yelp和Amazon的网站用“假冒草根”（冒充民众意见）对用户报告和产品功能起重要作用是个问题，如果美国政府雇佣数十万人在网络政治论坛进行“意识形态辩论” 可想而知这是多么糟糕的事。疯了，对吗？什么政府总是不断尝试这样做？
According to noted China researcher Rebecca MacKinnon, the answer is China, which allegedly employs 280,000 people to troll the Internet and make the government look good.
根据著名的中国问题研究员瑞贝卡.麦金农所说的，答案是中国，中国涉嫌雇佣28万人在互联网上歌颂政府使其看上去很健康。
MacKinnon's discussion of Chinese astroturfing measures turns up in testimony that she prepared from a Congressional hearing this month. When that hearing was eventually rescheduled, MacKinnon was no longer on the witness list, so she released her prepared remarks (PDF) anyway.
在本月的国会听证会上，麦金农准备了一份证词，在证词中她详述了中国运用“假冒草根”的手段。但这个听证会最终重新排期，而麦金农也不在证人名单中，尽管如此她还是用（PDF）形式发布了“她准备的发言”
The government increasingly combines censorship and surveillance measures with proactive efforts to steer online conversations in the direction it prefers. 该政府更喜欢用逐渐增多的检查和监督的手段努力地控制着在线聊天的舆论方向
In 2008 the Hong Kong-based researcher David Bandurski determined that at least 280,000 people had been hired at various levels of government to work as "online commentators." Known derisively as the "fifty cent party," these people are paid to write postings that show their employers in a favorable light in online chat rooms, social networking services, blogs, and comments sections of news Web sites. 在2008年，总部设在香港的中国传媒研究计划的研究员戴维班志远确定至少有28万人已受雇于各级政府，担任“网评员”。“他们被嘲弄的称之为“五毛党”，这些人在网络聊天室，社区论坛，博客和新闻网站的论坛写一些有利于其雇主方面的付费帖子。
Many more people do similar work as volunteers -- recruited from among the ranks of retired officials as well as college students in the Communist Youth League who aspire to become Party members.
更多的人是作为志愿者在做类似的工作，这些志愿被招募的人有退休的官员，公务员以及共青团中渴望入党的大学生。
This approach is similar to a tactic known as "astroturfing" in American parlance, now commonly used by commercial advertising firms, public relations companies, and election campaigns around the world. In many provinces of China it is now also standard practice for government officials -- particularly at the city and county level -- to work to co-opt and influence independent online writers by throwing special conferences for local bloggers, or inviting them to special press events or news conferences about issues of local concern. 这种手段类似于美语中的“假冒草根”，现在的商用广告公司，公关公司和世界各地的竞选活动中的常用手段。目前在中国的许多省，这种手段已是政府官员的标准流程，特别是小城市和县级市——用一些特殊的聚会研讨会努力拉拢和影响在线写手为本地撰写博客，或者邀请他们参加为当地发生的事件和关心的问题所开的新闻发布会。
That last sentence about co-opting bloggers certainly isn't limited to China; U.S. companies have perfected the practice, and government public relations people dole out interviews and access to journalists in ways often designed to shape opinions or coverage. But still -- 280,000 people paid to permeate message boards and e-mail lists, all backing the government's line? The mind boggles. 无疑，对“网罗网络写手”的最后审判不仅限于中国，美国公司同样驾轻就熟，政府公共关系部门对于领取失业救济金人群的访谈采访，新闻报道和所持立场经常是设计好的。尽管如此——受雇的28万人渗透到网络留言板和电子邮件信箱，所有人都表示支持政府的路线方针政策？令人匪夷所思的顺从
MacKinnon's testimony, well worth reading in full, notes that Chinese citizens aren't helpless creatures of astroturf, filtering, censorship, and intimidation
麦金农的证词，全部的意义在于，中国公民面对“假冒草根”的过滤，审查，恐吓是多么的无助
People have developed countermeasures, she says, including: 她说，人们已经研究出了对策，这些对策包括
-- "Informal anti-censorship support networks: I have attended gatherings of bloggers and journalists in China -- with varying degrees of organization or spontaneousness -- where participants devoted significant amounts of time to teaching one another how to use circumvention tools to access blocked Web sites." 秘密访问反审查网站：在中国我会参加一些博主和记者所举办的聚会，这种聚会具有程度不同的组织性和自发性。参加聚会的人在用大量的时间教会彼此如何使用规避工具访问政府封锁的网站。
"Distributed web-hosting assistance networks: I am aware of people who have strong English language and technical skills, as well as overseas credit cards, who are helping friends and acquaintances in China to purchase inexpensive space on overseas web hosting services, then set up independent blogs using free open-source software." 网站的分布式虚拟主机服务：据我所知，英语强人，网络技术强人以及海外资产雄厚的每个人都在帮助中国的朋友或者熟人购买廉价的网络托管空间，以使他们能够使用免费的源代码软件创建公正的毫无偏见的私人博客
-- "Crowdsourced 'opposition research': With the Chinese government's Green Dam censorware edict last year, we have seen the emergence of loosely organized "opposition research" networks. Last June a group of Chinese computer programmers and bloggers collectively wrote a report exposing Green Dam's political and religious censorship, along with many of its security flaws." 民众的“反对派报告”：去年中国政府颁布了“绿坝”软件过滤法令。我们发现管理松散的网站突然涌出许多“反对派报告”，随着安全漏洞的日益增多，去年6月一批中文电脑程序员和博主共同写了一份关于“绿坝”怎样对政治和宗教的审查的曝光报告。“Crowdsourced”特指网络技术强人
-- "Preservation and relay of censored content: I have noticed a number of people around the Chinese blogosphere and in chatrooms who make a regular habit of immediately downloading interesting articles, pictures, and videos which they think have a chance of being blocked or removed. They then repost these materials in a variety of places, and relay them to friends through social networks and e-mail lists."
保存和转发被审查（被删除）内容：我留意到在中国的博客圈子和聊天室，很多人一看到有趣的文章，图片，视频就习惯性的下载，因为他们相信这些有可能被拦截或删除。然后他们将这些资料重新发布在各种载体或者转发给社区网站和邮箱列表中的好友。
Then comes our favorite: Dirty jokes as a form of protest 接下来是我们最喜欢的：用于抗议的黄色笑话
In 2009, Internet censorship tightened considerably. Many lively blogging platforms and social networks where heated political discussions were known to take place were shut down under the guise of an anti-porn crackdown. In response, an anonymous Shanghai-based jokester created an online music video called "Ode to the Grass Mud Horse," whose technically innocent lyrics, sung by a children's chorus over video of alpaca sheep, contained a string of highly obscene homonyms 在2009年，互联网的审查愈加严格。政府打着打击反色情网站的幌子关闭了许多活跃在互联网上激辩政治话题的博客圈子和社区网站。作为对此事的回应，一个匿名的上海恶搞强人创建了一个叫做“草泥马颂歌”的在线音乐视频。严格的说，歌词是天真单纯的。视频是童声合唱的关于羊驼护羊羔的歌，但歌中包含了一小节非常淫秽的同音词。
The video spawned an entire genre of anti-censorship jokes and videos involving mythical animals whose names sound similar to official slogans and obscenities of various kinds. This viral pranksterism created an outlet for people to vent about censorship, poke fun at the government, and raise awareness among many people who are not comfortable discussing such matters in a direct way. 这个视频引发了一个在互联网上制作发表关于“反审查”的，名称听起来类似于官方口号的，涉及神话动物的各类下流笑话和淫秽视频的潮流。这次的恶作剧病毒的是人们对审查制度的的发泄途径，用嘲弄政府来唤起不习惯以直接的方式讨论问题的人们觉醒。
Now, in true capitalist style, one can buy shirts, hats and stickers that feature the Grass Mud Horse. 现在，真正的资本主义式的，一个能买衬衫，帽子和各种滞销货的中国，“草泥马”起着重要的作用 翻译交流见42# Now, in true capitalist style, one can buy shirts, hats and stickers that feature the Grass Mud Horse. 现在，真正的资本主义式的，一个能买衬衫，帽子和各种滞销货的中国，“草泥马”起着重要的作用 这句话我觉得应该是这个意思:
P6 U6 {9 ^7 g- t
现在的中国是真正的资本主义，人们可以买到印制着"草泥马"图案的衣服，帽子和标签。 rlsrls08 发表于 2010-4-10 23:00 
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