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【中文标题】地震后藏人不信任中国的帮助
【原文标题】After Quake, Ethnic Tibetans Distrust China's Help
【登载媒体】纽约时报
【原文作者】ANDREW JACOBS
【来源地址】http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/1 ... ke.html?src=twt&;twt=nytimes
【原文库链接】http://bbs.m4.cn/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=238879
【译者】rlsrls08
【翻译方式】人工
【声明】本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不得转载。
Tibertan monks ferried bodies to a dusty rise near Jiegu before setting cremation pyres ablaze.
中国结古 -- 佛教僧侣们站在山顶一个职业学校的锯齿状的废墟上，奋力地用镐铲和双手挪开水泥板。突然有人惊呼：一条显然没有生命迹象的手臂，穿过瓦砾戳在那里。
但在僧侣完成他们的任务之前，一队在学校操场上休息了半天的中国军人开始行动了。他们带上军帽，挥手赶走僧侣，并且在摄像机开动的同时，迅速挖出了一个年轻女孩的尸体。
僧侣们压抑着自己的愤怒，站在下边，低声为死者祈祷。
一个僧侣，嘎桑说: "我们做事的时候你看不到摄像机"。他和来自四川省内喇嘛寺庙的其他200个僧侣一听说地震就开车赶过来了。
"我们想抢救生命。他们把灾难视为做宣传的机会。"
自从星期三一场致命的地震荡平了这个以藏人为主的城市，造成至少1400人死亡，中国的领导层就把地震当成双料的紧急状况---一场人道主义危机，在遥远的青海省，高于海平面3英里的地方；和一个新的测试，考验共产党是否有能力禁止躁动不安的藏人发出不同的声音。
胡锦涛主席缩短了正在进行的巴西的国事访问，飞回中国，指挥救灾工作。而总理温家宝推迟了访问印尼的计划，来到地震现场，允诺中国的汉族人将尽一切所能援助藏人。
官方媒体突出播放充满感激的藏人接受食品和帐篷，以及搜索和救援专家不顾高山反应，劳苦地挖掘幸存者的故事。
救灾工作确实令人印象深刻。星期六，数千名士兵和运送食物的卡车堵塞了结古的街道，推土设备从市中心开始清理倒塌的建筑物。超过600名严重受伤者已被送到500英里外的省城医院。最近几天，印有民政部标志的蓝色帐篷出现在整个城市中。
但是，在政府赏赐和民族团结的表象背后，地震暴露了北京和藏人之间顽固的紧张局势，许多藏人为在这个以汉人为主的国家争取自治权和保留文化特征进行了长期奋斗。反对汉人统治的，广泛的藏人骚乱严重扰乱了北京在2008年举办夏季奥运会的规划，从那时起，中国一直对西藏和藏人为主的地区采取严格的警察和军事控制。
而达赖喇嘛，这个自从1959年后再未能进入中国的藏人领袖，正式发出请求探访受灾地区。这个请求毫无疑问会被拒绝。
星期三早晨地震发生后，已经有数千名僧侣来到了这个城市。其中一部分开了两天的车从偏远地区过来。大藏人地区涵盖相邻的三个省份。
穿着红色袍子的僧侣们是第一批从瘫塌的建筑物底下挖掘幸存者的救援人员之一。在星期六救援专家退出后很久，僧侣们仍旧在瓦砾中工作。
"他们是我们的一切。"57岁的奥珠桑杰说。他打开自己汽车的后备箱，让几个年轻的僧侣们对着他旗子的尸体祷告。
上周六上午，僧侣们把1400具尸体从市内的主要寺院拉到一个尘土飞扬，俯瞰城市的高地。
在那里，他们把尸体放入填满木材的两个壕沟，点燃柴堆。
那一天的大部分时间火焰都在燃烧，数百名哀悼者默默地坐在山坡上，旁边僧侣们大声呼喊或静静地数摸红珊瑚和绿松石念珠。
警察和汉族官员都没来。
该寺院的领导人表示，当地政府没有把藏人的数字包括在官方统计的死亡人数中，虽然他们很小心地不抱怨。但很多年轻的僧人不愿沉默。
僧侣们表示，在第3小学，他们从倒塌的教室拉出了50个学生，但是当一个官员来问有多少人死亡时，警方只报告了这个数目的一半。 “我想他们害怕让世界了解这次地震有多严重。”嘎滋根巴，一个23岁的僧人说。
然而最持久的抱怨之一，是救援工作大多集中在城市的大型建筑，忽略了几百座倒塌的土坯房子。除少数外土坯房都倒塌了。其他人说藏人跟警察就尸体问题发生了小规模冲突，尽管此事无法核实。
在僧侣聚集的地方听到更愤怒的批评是，震后头几天，士兵们阻止僧侣加入救援工作。
次仁，一个僧侣，谈到第一天晚上在一个倒塌的酒店，他和其他僧侣如何跟士兵们扭打。 “我们问他们为什么不让我们帮忙，他们只是忽略了我们。”次仁跟一些藏人一样，只使用一个名称。
后来，他和100多名僧侣前往职业学校，在那里一幢倒塌的宿舍废墟中仍能听到一个被困女孩的声音。
他们说，士兵们不让他们靠近废墟，后来他们的寺院的领导人嘎仔和跟一个据说是县长的男人扭打起来。
“他抓住我的长袍把我拖到街上。”嘎仔说。
晚上士兵们离开现场之后，僧侣们开始工作，最终挖出了十多具尸体。
即使有夸大的成分，这样的故事只能给政府赢得藏人民心的努力带来相反的效果。
最近几天，政府承诺要不遗余力不计代价的重建结古，结古的中文名称是"玉树"。虽然许多西藏人对救灾工作和官方的关心表示感谢，但其他人并不感激。
星期六，当挖掘机和推土机穿梭于职业学校宿舍的废墟，龚靳把姬，一个16岁的学生，站在一旁观看。
她说，前一天机械不慎撕裂了一个同学的尸体。她还在等待他们找到她姐姐的尸体。
“我希望他们干活时更加仔细些，”她麻木地说。 “也许他们不在乎，因为我们只是藏人。”
原文
After Quake, Ethnic Tibetans Distrust China’s Help
By ANDREW JACOBS
Published: April 17, 2010
JIEGU, China — The Buddhist monks stood atop the jagged remains of a vocational school, struggling to move concrete slabs with pickax shovels and bare hands. Suddenly a cry went out: An arm, clearly lifeless, was poking through the debris.
But before the monks could finish their task, a group of Chinese soldiers who had been relaxing on the school grounds sprang to action. They put on their army caps, waved the monks away, and with a video camera for their unit rolling, quickly extricated the body of a young girl.
The monks stifled their rage and stood below, mumbling a Tibetan prayer for the dead.
“You won’t see the cameras while we are working,” said one of the monks, Ga Tsai, who with 200 others, had driven from their lamasery in Sichuan Province as soon as they heard about the quake.
“We want to save lives. They see this tragedy as an opportunity to make propaganda.”
Since a deadly earthquake nearly flattened this predominantly Tibetan city early Wednesday, killing at least 1,400 people, China’s leadership has treated the quake as a dual emergency — a humanitarian crisis almost three miles above sea level in remote Qinghai Province, and a fresh test of the Communist Party’s ability to keep a lid on dissent among restive Tibetans.
President Hu Jintao cut short a state visit to Brazil to fly home and supervise relief efforts, while Prime Minister Wen Jiabao postponed his own planned visit to Indonesia and came to the quake site promising that China’s Han majority would do whatever it could to aid the Tibetans.
The official state media prominently featured stories of grateful Tibetans receiving food and tents, and search and rescue specialists toiling to reach survivors even as they cope with altitude sickness.
The relief effort has indeed been impressive. With thousands of soldiers and truckloads of food clogging Jiegu’s streets on Saturday, earth-moving equipment started clearing away toppled buildings from the downtown. More than 600 of the seriously injured have been taken to hospitals in the provincial capital 500 miles away. In recent days, blue tents bearing the Civil Affairs Ministry logo have popped up across the city.
But despite outward signs of government largess and ethnic unity, the earthquake has exposed stubborn tensions between Beijing and Tibetans, many of whom have long struggled to maintain their autonomy and cultural identity amid a Han-dominated country. Widespread Tibetan rioting against Han rule severely disrupted Beijing’s planning to host the Summer Olympics in 2008, and China has kept Tibet and predominantly ethnically Tibetan regions of China under tight police and military control since then.
The Dalai Lama, the Tibetan leader who has not set foot in China since 1959, has issued a formal request to visit the disaster zone. It will most surely be denied.
Since the quake hit early Wednesday morning, thousands of monks have come to the city, some making a two-day drive from distant corners of a largely Tibetan region that spreads across three adjoining provinces.
It was the burgundy-robed monks who were among the first to pull people from collapsed buildings. On Saturday at dusk, long after the rescue experts had called it quits, they could be still be seen working the rubble.
“They are everything to us,” said Oh Zhu Tsai Jia, 57, opening the trunk of his car so a group of young monks could pray over the body of his wife.
On Saturday morning, the monks ferried 1,400 bodies from the city’s main monastery to a dusty rise overlooking the city.
There, in two long trenches filled with salvaged wood, they dumped the dead and set cremation pyres ablaze.
As the fires burned for much of the day, hundreds of mourners sat mutely on a hillside next to the monks, who chanted aloud or quietly counted prayer beads of red coral and turquoise.
The police and Han officials were conspicuously absent.
The monastery’s leaders said no one from the local government had included their dead in the official tally although they were careful not to voice any criticism. Many of the younger monks, however, were not as reticent.
At the No. 3 Primary School, the monks said they had pulled 50 students from collapsed classrooms but when an official came by to ask how many had died, the police offered half that number. “I think they’re afraid to let the world know how bad this earthquake is,” said Gen Ga Ja Ba, a 23-year-old monk.
One of the most persistent complaints, however, was that many of the official rescue efforts have focused on the city’s larger structures and ignored the mud-brick homes that, with few exceptions, collapsed by the hundreds. Others spoke of skirmishes with the police over bodies, although such accounts could not be verified.
The other more incendiary criticism heard wherever monks gathered was that soldiers had prevented them from helping in rescue efforts during the first few days after the earthquake.
Tsairen, a monk, spoke about how he and scores of other monks tussled with soldiers at a collapsed hotel that first night. “We asked why they wouldn’t let us help, and they just ignored us,” said Tsairen, who like some Tibetans, uses only one name.
Later, he and more than 100 others headed to the vocational school, where the voices of trapped girls could still be heard in the rubble of a collapsed dormitory.
They said the soldiers blocked them from the pile and later, the chief of their monastery, Ga Tsai, scuffled with a man they described as the county chief.
“He grabbed me by my robe and dragged me out to the street,” Ga Tsai said.
In the evening after the soldiers had left the scene, they went to work, eventually pulling out more than a dozen bodies.
Even if exaggerated, such stories can only work against the government’s efforts to win over Tibetans.
In recent days, the government has vowed to rebuild Jiegu, which is also known by its Chinese name Yushu, promising to spare no expense. But while many Tibetans expressed gratitude for the relief efforts and the official outpouring of concern, others were less appreciative.
As an excavator and a bulldozer sifted through the remains of the vocational school dormitory on Saturday, Gong Jin Ba Ji, a 16-year-old student, stood watching.
A day earlier, she said, the machinery inadvertently tore apart the body of a classmate. She was still waiting for them to recover the body of her older sister.
“I wish they would work more carefully,” she said numbly. “Maybe they don’t care so much because we are only Tibetans.”
Ziang Jiang contributed research. |
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