一年前的今天，当中国的警察在新疆省会乌鲁木齐对身为少数族裔的维吾尔人的和平抗议进行暴力镇压的时候，全世界几乎都对此视而不见。以上就是“谁能听到我们的呼唤”这一报告所要发出的信息。这一近期发布的关于那场令人不安的事件的报告是由维吾尔人权工程做出的。这一报告吸收了目击证人对事件的描述，纪录了因对抗议示威者开火而导致的上百人的死亡，以及大规模的殴打，任意对上千人的拘捕和一个持续10个月的将那一地区和外面的世界隔绝了的通讯中断。这个报告是在上个星期于华盛顿举行的一场会议上出版的，在那场会议上，一名目击证人作证表示，他看到警察向汉族的暴徒发放铁棍，这进一步证明了那些关于安全部队煽动反维吾尔人暴力活动的报告
Beijing has blamed"overseas hostile forces" for the violence, especially Uighur leaderRebiya Kadeer, who was exiled to the United States from a Chinese prison in2005. But the source of the unrest is entirely internal, the immediate causebeing an attack on Uighur workers at a Guangdong toy factory 10 days before theUrumqi protests.
北京指责“海外敌对势力”要对暴力负责，尤其是在2005年从中国的监狱流亡到美国的维吾尔领袖热比亚·卡迪尔。但是动荡的源头完全是内部的，最直接的原因是乌鲁木齐抗议之前10，在广东一玩具工厂发生的对维吾尔工人的攻击。
The presence ofUighur workers 3,000 miles east of Urumqi illustrates China's anti-Uighurpolicy, which encourages Han Chinese settlement and employment in the westernXinjiang region while jobless Uighurs, especially young women, are recruited towork in factories in eastern China. The focus on women is not accidental,Kadeer explained at the Washington conference: "We believe that it is partof the authorities' efforts to threaten our continuity as a people because theyare taking these women out of their communities at the time they would begetting married and starting families.
"维吾尔工人在乌鲁木齐以东3000英里外的身影，正是中国反维吾尔政策的体现。这一政策在失业的维吾尔人，尤其是女性，被招募到中国东部的工厂工作的同时，却鼓励汉族人到中国西部的新疆地区定居和工作。卡迪尔在华盛顿的会议上解释说，把重点放在女性身上并不是偶然的：“我们相信，这是当局为了恐吓我们作为一个民族的继续存在而做出的努力，因为他们把这些正要结婚成家的妇女从她们的社区里拿走了。”
In fact, the populationtransfer that is altering Xinjiang's ethniccomposition is one dimension of a systematic Chinese policy that threatens thesurvival of the Uighur people. The Uighur language has been virtuallyeliminated from school instruction, while hundreds of books on Uighur historyand culture have been banned and even ceremoniously burned. The Uighurs' Muslimfaith is under attack as religious personnel are forced to undergo"patriotic re-education" and the construction of mosques is strictlycontrolled. Not least, Chinese authorities are in the process of demolishing theOld City of Kashgar, forcibly removing 200,000 people in65,000 households and destroying what has been called "the cradle ofUyghur culture.
"事实上，正在改变新疆民族结构的人口转移正是对维吾尔人作为一个民族的存在构成威胁的，具有系统性的中国政策中的一部分。维吾尔语已经几乎从学校课堂里消失了，上百种关于维吾尔历史和文化的书籍也成了禁书，甚至被当众烧毁。维吾尔人的穆斯林信仰也遭受着攻击，宗教人士被强迫接受“爱国主义再教育”，而且清真寺的修建也受到严格的控制。不止如此，中国当局正在破坏喀什的老城，对65，000家庭的200，000人进行了强制性的搬迁，摧毁着那个被称做“维吾尔文化摇篮”的地方。
U.N. SecretaryGeneral Ban Ki-moon has called the plan to demolish 22 Palestinian homes inEast Jerusalem "provocative" and "contrary to internationallaw." But the wholesale destruction of Old Kashgar and the entire Uighurculture merits not a word. As George Orwell said with Stalin in mind, "themost enormous crimes . . . can actually escape notice altogether, so long asthey do not happen to fit in with the political mood of the moment."Clearly, the awful plight of the Uighurs does not fit with the political moodof this moment, even among their co-religionists in the Muslim world.
联合国秘书长潘基文将拆除东耶路撒冷22个巴勒斯坦家庭的计划称作“挑衅”和“违背国际法”。但是，对喀什老城和全部维吾尔文化的大规模毁灭，却一言不发。就像乔治·奥威尔以斯大林为例说的“最庞大的罪行……假如它们发生时和当下的政治气氛不符，那它们其实是可以逃脱所有人的注视的目光的。”很明显，维吾尔人艰难的诉求，和当下的政治气氛并不相符，即使在和他们信仰相同的穆斯林世界也是如此。
The reportreleased last week contains recommendations to the Chinese government and theinternational community. What is noteworthy about the recommendations to Beijing-- for media freedom and the rule of law, as well as for acknowledgement of theunderlying causes of the Urumqi protests -- is that they are consistent withthe principles and goals in the Charter 08declaration signed by more than 8,000 Chinesecitizens, including the call for a federated republic "within which allethnic and religious groups can flourish."
上周出版的报告包括了对中国政府和国际社会的建议。值得注意的是，那些针对北京的建议--如媒体自由，法治以及承认维吾尔人抗议的深层原因，和有着8000名中国（汉族）公民签字了的08宪章的原则和目标是一致的。这其中包括一个“所有民族和宗教团体都可以繁荣发展”的联邦制度下的共和国。
Chinese democratsand the Uighur minority are threatened by the extreme nationalism that theBeijing government incites to gain legitimacy in the absence of democraticauthority derived from popular consent. The dialogue they have begun in exileneeds to resonate in China through the extensive communication channels thatthe regime cannot altogether block, thereby countering nationalist hatred andreinforcing a common commitment to nonviolence and a different future forChina.
中国的民主人士和维吾尔少数族裔都处于极端民族主义的威胁之下。这一极端民族主义是由北京政府在来自民众认可的民主权威缺失的情况下，为了获得合法性而煽动的。这两个群体在流亡环境下展开的对话，要能在中国国内产生共鸣。要达到这个结果，则需要利用大量的那个政权无法完全封锁的通讯管道，进而反制那些民族主义仇恨，强化一个非暴力的，对中国未来不同道路的共同保证。
Much can also bedone by the international community. A resolution introduced by Rep. JamesMcGovern (D-Mass.) would have the United States raise the issue of Uighurrights in meetings with Chinese officials, request that embassy staff beallowed to observe trials and seek to establish a consulate in Urumqi. TheUnited States and the international community should also support the Uighurs'three-month-old call for an independent international investigation into theevents of last July and the opening of a meaningful dialogue with Chineseauthorities.
国际社会也可以做出许多贡献。一个由詹姆斯·麦克加尔文代表提出的决议将会要求美国在和中国官员进行会谈时，提出维吾尔人权问题，同时要求大使馆人员寻求在乌鲁木齐建立领事馆，以及可以被允许观摩审判过程。美国和国际社会也应该支持维吾尔人持续了3个月的对去年七月发生的事件的独立国际调查以及和中国当局进行有意义对话的诉求。
Uighur voices havebeen crying in the wilderness. It's time to listen.
维吾尔人在荒野中哭泣。现在是听听他们的时候了。
The writer ispresident of the National Endowment for Democracy.
作者是美国国家民主基金会的主席
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发表于 2010-7-7 01:45
发表于 2010-7-7 04:54
