本帖最后由 青蛙小王子 于 2010-7-16 09:20 编辑
【中文标题】问与答：中国为什么成为中东最喜爱的客户？ 【原文标题】 Q&A: Why China has become the Middle East's favorite customer 【刊载媒体】基督教科学箴言报 【原文链接】http://bbs.m4.cn/thread-254767-1-1.html 【翻译方式】人工 【译者】青蛙小王子 【声明】本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不可转载。 【原文库链接】 【译文】
The Chinese government needs oil to fuel its modernization and markets to sell its "Made in China" brand. Regional stability is crucial to getting both. 中国政府需要石油来助推其现代化，并为“中国制造”产品开拓市场。中东地区的稳定对这两者来说至关重要。 In the past, China has largely relied on the United States to maintain security in the Middle East, but Beijing is losing faith in Washington. 过去，中国主要依赖美国来维持中东的稳定，但现在，北京正失去对华盛顿的信任。 "Particularly since the Iraq war, the Chinese are more and more willing to sort of question whether ... [US] policy itself isn't becoming, in some ways, a threat to stability in the region," says Flynt Leverett, senior fellow at the New America Foundation. “尤其是伊拉克战争以来，中国人越来越想问，从某种程度上来说，是否美国的政策本身就是对这一地区稳定的威胁”，新美国基金会的高级研究员弗林特•莱弗里特说。 As a result, China has become more involved in the region, particularly in Iran, from which China gets 11 percent of its oil imports. Mr. Leverett sees China becoming more concerned with "what they see as excessive US unilateralism in the region." A few questions regarding China's regional aims:What's China's economic role? 因此，中国越来越多地涉入这一地区，尤其是伊朗----中国从伊朗进口的石油占其石油进口总量的11%。莱弗里特注意到中国越来越关注“他们所谓的美国在这一地区过度的单边主义行为”。一系列有关中国的中东目标的问题是：中国在经济上扮演什么角色？ Chinese trade with the Middle East has roughly doubled in the past five years. This year, China replaced the US as the top exporter to the region. 中国与中东的贸易在过去五年中差不多翻了一番。今年，中国取代美国，成为向中东出口最多的国家。 Chinese exports to the Middle East, including Turkey, were worth $57 billion in 2009, up from $28 billion in 2005. Chinese imports from the region stood at $61 billion, up from $34 billion in 2005. China's global exports for the same period grew 58 percent – from $760 billion to $1.2 trillion. 2009年，中国向中东（包括土耳其）的出口额从2005年的280亿美元增长到570亿美元，从这一地区的进口额则从2005年的34亿美元上升到61亿美元。同一时期内，中国的总出口量增长了58%---从7600亿美元增至1.2万亿美元。 This rise in trade with the Middle East is not just oil-related. "It is small- time traders with their own shops or street stalls who are traveling between the two regions to either buy goods or sell goods," says Ben Simpfendorfer, of the Royal Bank of Scotland in Hong Kong and author of "The New Silk Road." 中国与中东贸易额的增长不全依赖石油。“很多小商人往来于中国和中东，开着自己的小商店或街边摊，有买有卖。”《新丝绸之路》的作者，香港苏格兰皇家银行的辛芬德费尔如是说。 In addition, he says he's seen a marked increase in Chinese construction companies winning contracts across the region. Chinese banks continue lending to finance projects, so Chinese companies are able to bring not only their own labor and materials, but their own credit. "They're providing construction services that are at cheap prices compared to their competitors. They bring often the Chinese banks along with them," says Mr. Simpfendorfer.How much Mideast energy does China consume? 另外，他还说他看到中国建筑公司在这一地区拿到的合同也显著增加，中国银行持续为这些项目提供贷款，因此中国公司不仅能够带着自己的劳工和原料过去，而且还可以带着自己的贷款过去。辛芬德费尔称，“这些公司常把中国银行也一同带来。他们提供的建筑服务价格比对手更便宜。” 中国消费了多少中东能源？ China is the largest importer of Middle Eastern oil, buying just over a tenth of the crude oil exported by Gulf states. It's also Iran's top customer, taking 23 percent of Tehran's oil.
Already, China has surpassed US oil purchases in the Middle East – importing 1.94 million barrels per day (b.p.d.), or 14 percent more than the US. At current rates, China will overtake the US in oil imports by 2030. Annual Chinese oil imports are predicted to increase by 0.5 million b.p.d. for the next five years.What does this mean for the US? 中国是中东石油的最大进口国，海湾国家出口原油的十分之一都由它购买。同时中国也是伊朗石油的最大买家，他购买了德黑兰23%的产油。目前，它在中东的购油量已经超过了美国14%，每日达194万桶。以目前的速度，中国的石油进口量将于2030年超过美国。在未来五年，中国年石油进口量预计将以每天50万桶的速度增长，这对美国意味着什么？ Middle Eastern governments generally prefer working with China because it doesn't tell them what to do. While the US pushes reforms, China does business. 中东各国政府普遍乐意与中国合作，因为中国不会教它们干什么。当美国在这一地区推行改革时，中国则做生意。 "When we do business with you, unlike the United States, we aren't going to tell you about how you're supposed to democratize or how you're supposed to treat women," says Leverett, paraphrasing China's pitch. “我们和你做生意时，可不像美国，我们不会告诉你要如何民主化或如何对待妇女。”莱弗里特这样描述中国的口气。
But the Chinese cannot compete with America militarily. "The US is consequential in terms of security; there's nothing the Chinese will do to secure these countries," says Jon Alterman, director of the Middle East program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS).Why did China vote for UN sanctions on Iran?
但中国无法在军事上与美国竞争。“从安全上来说，美国仍作用重大；中国对保护这些国家无能为力”，战略与国际研究中心（CSIS）的中东项目主任乔恩•奥特曼说。为什么中国在联合国制裁伊朗的问题上投赞成票呢？ Beijing is genuinely worried that a nuclear-armed Iran will spark an arms race in the Middle East, encouraging other nations such as Turkey to follow suit. That could endanger the flow of oil from two of China's top sources of crude: Saudi Arabia and Iran, which account for 20 percent and 11 percent of its oil imports, respectively. 中国真正担忧的是伊朗拥有核武器之后会刺激诸如土耳其等其他国家也跟着效仿，从而引起中东地区的军备竞赛。而这可能会危及中国两大原油供应国------沙特阿拉伯和伊朗的石油流通。中国从这两个国家进口的石油分别占其石油进口总量的20%和11%。
Neither did Beijing want to irritate Washington, given that its ties with the US are by far the most important element in its foreign policy. Voting against the sanctions would have damaged the image China wants to project as a responsible player on the global stage. 考虑到中美关系到目前为止依然是其外交政策中最重要的部分，中国既不想激怒美国也不想得罪伊朗。但在制裁伊朗的问题上投反对票又会损害其想在国际舞台上作为一个负责任的大国的形象。 China is now Iran's largest trading partner, and bilateral trade has almost doubled in the past five years (from around $10 billion in 2005 to more than $20 billion in 2009). 中国是伊朗目前最大的贸易伙伴，过去五年中，双方的贸易几乎增长了一倍（从2005年的100亿美元增到2009年200亿美元）。 Still, that's less than 10 percent of China's trade with the US. In 2009, China's exports to the US totaled $221 billion, while imports stood at $77 billion. "The Chinese would be crazy to trade the US relationship for an Iranian relationship. What they want is to have a relationship with both," says Mr. Alterman. "[China] can get 95 percent of what they want at 5 percent of the cost if they can ... have the US do all the heavy lifting on security issues in the Middle East ... and let China reap the benefits and integrate itself." 但这仍然比中美贸易量的10%还少。2009年，中国向美国的出口额为2210亿美元，进口额为770亿美元。“如果中国拿中美关系来换中伊关系，那它可能就是疯了。中国想的是两全其美”，奥特曼先生说，“如果中国能让美国承担起在中东安全的重担，那它就可以用5%的成本，获得95%的利益。这既让其获利又能使其进入该地区。” | 
狗仔卡
发表于 2010-7-15 19:55
提升卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
发表于 2010-7-15 20:18
楼主
