【中文标题】研究：西藏人用了不到3000年来适应高海拔
【原文标题】Tibetans adapted to altitude in under 3,000 years:study
【登载媒体】越南青年报
【来源地址】http://www.thanhniennews.com/2010/Pages/20100702153302.aspx
【译者】jixiliying
【声明】本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不得转载。
【原文库链接】http://bbs.m4.cn/thread-257618-1-1.html
File photo of Tibetan nomads watching theirhorses outside their tent on the shores of Nam-tsoLake at over 4,700 metres abovesea-level on the high plateau of Northern U province,Tibet.
图片：在西藏藏北高原海拔4700米以上的纳木错湖湖边，游牧藏民在帐篷外看着她们的马。
Tibetans took less than 3,000years to adapt to living at high altitude, said a new study that could lead toinsights on diseases linked to pre-birth oxygen deprivation such as epilepsy."This is the fastestgenetic change ever observed in humans," said Rasmus Nielsen, a University of California Berkeley biology professor who led
the statistical analysis and genome-widecomparison between the Tibetans and the Han Chinese.
西藏人用了不到3000年来适应高海拔地区的生活，一项新研究认为这个发现有助于研究某些由于产前缺氧而造成的疾病，如癫痫。“这是迄今为止在人类身上发现的最快的基因进化，”Rasmus Nielsen 说。他是美国加州大学伯克利分校的生物学教授，主持西藏人与汉人的全基因比较和统计分析的项目。
According to the study,published in the July 2 issue of Science magazine, the Tibetans and the HanChinese split into two separate populations some 2,750 years ago, with thelarger group moving to the Tibetan plateau where it dwindled while thelow-elevation Han expanded dramatically.
根据7月2号发表在科学杂志上的研究，在大约2750年前西藏人和汉人分成了两支，大的一支进入了西藏高原，而导致人口缩小；而在低海拔地区生活的汉人则迅速繁衍。
The Tibetans, however,quickly evolved a unique ability to live above 4,000 meters (13,000 feet),where oxygen levels are 40 percent lower than those at sea level.
但是西藏人却快速进化出了一种在海拔4000米（13000英尺）地区生活的独特能力。这里的氧浓度比海平面的低40％。
"For such a very strongchange, a lot of people would have had to die simply due to the fact that theyhad the wrong version of a gene," said Nielsen.
“面对如此剧烈的变化，很多人都会死，仅仅由于他们携带了错误的基因。”
Comparing the genes of bothethnic groups, researchers found more than 30 genes with DNA mutations thathave become more prevalent in Tibetans than Han Chinese, nearly half of whichare related to how the body uses oxygen.
根据在两个民族中进行的基因比较，研究人员发现，有30多种DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）变化的基因在藏人体内比汉人体内更普遍，其中一半的基因与身体如何使用氧有关。
One mutation in particularspread from fewer than 10 percent of the Han Chinese to nearly 90 percent of allTibetans. It is near a gene called EPAS1, a so-called "super athletegene" identified several years ago that is associated with improvedathletic performance, Nielsen said.
一种基因变化甚至只有少于10％的汉人具有，而在藏人几乎90％的人中分布。这是一种叫做EPAS1的基因，被称为“超级运动员基因”，它在几年前被确认与改善的运动能力有关，Nielsen说。
The gene codes for a proteininvolved in sensing oxygen levels and perhaps balancing aerobic and anaerobicmetabolism.
这种基因编码出一种能够检测氧含量，并可能平衡有氧代谢和无氧代谢的蛋白质。
The new findings could steerscientists to still unknown genes that play a role in how the body deals withdecreased oxygen, and perhaps explain some diseases, including schizophreniaand epilepsy, associated with oxygen deprivation in the womb, Nielsen said.
这项新发现能够引导科学家研究一些目前未知的基因，这些基因对人体如何适应低氧环境起了重要作用，或者可能用来解释一些由于在子宫中缺氧而造成的疾病，包括精神分裂症和癫痫，Nielsen 说。
"The new finding is really the first time evolutionary information alonehas helped us pinpoint an important function of a gene in humans,"he added.
这项新发现确实是首次，进化信息本身就能够帮助我们探明人体内一个基因的重要功能，他说。 （这句话翻译不确定）
Adaptation to low oxygenlevels has allowed many peoples, from Andeans to Tibetans, to live at highaltitude.
由于适应了低氧环境，使很多人，如安第斯人和西藏人，能够在高海拔地区生活。
When people from lowerelevations move above 4,000 meters they typically tire easily, developheadaches, produce babies with lower birth weights and have a higher infantmortality rate.
当人从低海拔地区来到4000米海拔的高地，人们一般容易感到疲劳，头疼，生出的婴儿体重低，死亡率高。
Tibetans have none of theseproblems, despite lower oxygen saturation in the blood and lower levels ofhemoglobin levels, which gives blood its red color, and binds and transportsoxygen to the body's tissues.
而西藏人没有这些问题，尽管他们血液里的氧饱和度低，血色素低。血色素使血液呈现红色，并携带和运输氧到身体的各个组织。
The study used genome dataand a large team of researchers from the Beijing Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, China'sflagship genome center.
这项研究采用了中国基因研究中心的旗舰部门——北京基因研究所深圳华大基因的基因数据以及他们的强大研究队伍。
The research was funded byvarious Chinese, American and Danish organizations.
研究由中国，美国和丹麦的机构资助。
译者点评： 文章大部分内容来源于以下报导：Science NewsTibetan Adaptation to High Altitude Occurred in Less Than3,000 Years Links:http: http://esciencenews.com/articles ... red.less.3000.years
Journal Reference: Sequencing of 50 Human Exomes Reveals Adaptation to HighAltitude. Science, 2 July 2010:Vol. 329. no. 5987, pp. 75 - 78 DOI: 10.1126/science.1190371
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发表于 2010-8-1 19:02
