【中文标题】《辐射》的世界观
【登载媒体】维基百科
【原文作者】Dr. Xen
【原文链接】http://zh.fallout.wikia.com/index.php?title=%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%B8%8E%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C%E7%82%B9&variant=zh-cn
从科学观角度来说，《辐射》的世界与我们生存的这个世界有很多根本性的区别，它是在历史某一个时间与真实世界分开，向另一个方向发展而形成的世界。其基础的理念是基于50年代“明日世界”的未来观，也就是原子和喷气时代的人们所展望的未来。《辐射》中2277年的世界，或多或少与50年代人们所设想的核战毁灭世界后的景象类似。
明日世界
《辐射》的世界中有悬浮在空中、负责打扫卫生的机器人，到处都是激光枪和其它单向能源武器。汽车就像是50年代汽车展览中的概念车：巨大的尾鳍和镀铬的庞然大物，但却是用核子引擎驱动。电脑依然是巨型机器，并且用磁带（尽管其记录了全息数据）来储存数据。服饰、建筑物内饰和家具都与美国人50年代的文化极为相似，海报和标牌也带有这个时代的烙印。收音机依然是最常见的媒体工具，而不是电视；食物是冷冻快餐年代中最常见的类型（盒装通心粉和奶酪、罐装肉类、速食牛肉饼等等）。
分岔的时间点
有关时间分岔的历史细节和具体的发生时间已无从考证，我们只知道这大约发生在1945年二战结束后的某个时间。难以确定具体日期的原因在于，即使时间发生了分岔，两个世界的发展也并非完全不同。例如，《辐射3》中兆吨镇的居民偶尔会说出“别让他们用嬉皮瞎话糊弄你”这样的话。“嬉皮士”这个词最早出现在1945年，在我们的现实世界中，直到60年代它才进入美国人的主流词汇中。显然，类似于我们现实世界中的反战嬉皮文化，也在《辐射》的世界中出现了。
《辐射》世界中经历过二战的人类并未努力发展超级计算机技术，也没有努力设法将电子设备小型化，而是把技术力量更多地投入到原子能的利用方面。与我们的世界相比，他们发明了小型核动力发电机、小型核子分裂设备、更多、更先进的机器人、人机交互功能和遗传工程学。核动力的发明和利用让《辐射》世界里的人可以使用一种清洁、可再生、丰富和便于携带的能源。这意味着人们可以造出动力装甲和单向能源武器等设备，当然还有很多美国人在核战前使用的数不清的管家机器人。有些设备在出厂后过了数百年依然正常运行。
在50年代盛行的对共产主义的仇视与丑化，也渗透到《辐射》世界中美国人的日常生活中。例如。“Take it Back!”任务里巨型机器人Liberty Prime曾经说：“与其选择共产主义，不如选择死亡！”、“宁愿死亡，不愿赤化！”
华盛顿特区
《辐射》世界中的城市布局与我们的真实世界有所不同。以华盛顿特区举例，就地标级建筑物的位置和整体城市设计来看，与我们的世界中的美国首都城市基本相似，但也有一些显著的区别。很多核战前建筑物都是40年代到60年代的艺术风格和现代派作品。国家广场显得小一些，也窄一些；国会大厦前没有池塘，设计也稍有不同（一个楼梯直通上层，而不是两个分开的楼梯）；杰佛逊纪念馆离国家广场更远了；我们现实世界中弗吉尼亚阿灵顿国家公墓标志性的摩天大厦不见了；国家档案馆离国家广场更远；史密森国家航空航天博物馆被其它建筑物取代了（在《辐射》中是科技博物馆）；《辐射》世界中很多建筑物上明显的半身人像在我们的世界中并不存在。在我们的时间概念中，很多建于50和60年代的建筑物和纪念碑（比如越南战争纪念碑、二战纪念碑、国家公园、肯尼迪中心和新闻博物馆）要么根本不存在，要么被完全摧毁或彻底遗忘。以美国40年代到60年代的工业经济水平来看，工厂还算正常。尽管其中存在高度自动化的机器人，但按目前标准来衡量，依然是非常原始的。
一个房间大小的电脑！
《辐射》世界与我们真实世界的一个重大差异是，计算机和电子设备迅速小型化的趋势根本没有出现。出现在我们世界中1947年的晶体管，在《辐射》的世界中，直到2077年核战前十年才被发明出来。而其前身，半导体晶片，似乎根本未曾出现。因此，《辐射》中的计算机都是带有卷盘的老式设备，占据了一个房间的大部分空间。桌面上的真空管和晶体管个人电脑既大又笨重，显示器是单色的阴极射线管，而不是在我们的世界中广泛使用的液晶平板显示器。数据以3D影像的形式储存在全息磁带或全息磁盘中。这些电脑在处理能力方面相当先进，说明计算机科学在《辐射》的世界中颇有进步（尽管比我们的世界落后很多），但是似乎并为出现使其小型化的技术。同样没有出现的是更加友好的用户图形交互操作系统，在我们的世界中，80年代就已经出现这种技术，并商业化。
电视和收音机也未能在60年代的水平上有所进化，《辐射》世界中的电视机依然是像电脑显示器一样的单色。或许我们可以相信，在核战之后，微型处理器和高度发达的数码科技已经出现，因为废土上的机器人毫无疑问需要依靠这些微型电子设备来运行。究竟这些技术是否仅仅掌握在位于废土北方的联邦、被称为Institute的组织的科学家手中，就不得而知了。
《辐射》的世界多次涉及上传、下载数据、电子邮件和网络沟通等情节，说明《辐射》虽然没有掌握微型处理器的技术，但是其它计算机技术的发展并为受到阻碍，比如机器人技术、互联网的发展和轨道通信卫星。
武器和设备
《辐射》系列所有的游戏都既使用了虚构的武器又使用了与真实世界类似或完全相同的武器。设计者在决定选择何种武器和修改其现实世界中具有的特点时，既忠于这些武器的原型，又按符合逻辑的思路有所发展。
《辐射》世界中核武器的发展也与我们的世界有所不同，其大部分核武器依然呈现出机载炸弹的形态，只有极少部分被小型化为带有核弹头的弹道导弹。游戏中只展现出一个核导弹的实例：康斯坦丁要塞的民兵洲际导弹。对导弹核武器的研究显然是美国和其它国家太空计划的一部分，到2077年核战爆发的时候，核俱乐部成员，例如美国和中国，已经开始把大部分核储备转化为弹道导弹武器形式。机载核武器依然是40年代和50年代的老样子，类似二战期间在长崎投下的胖子。尽管《辐射》世界已经在电子设备小型化方面取得了一些成就，但是21世纪末期的核弹依然是胖子的外观。华盛顿特区被多个核弹袭击，但很多废墟依然矗立、只有白宫变成一个大坑的事实说明，袭击所使用的核弹属于相当低的当量级，大约只有15到20千吨，甚至更小。
飞机在《辐射》的世界中并不常见，但显然飞机的设计与二战后的40年代和50年代初没有什么显著的变化。安克雷奇行动中一闪而过的中国轰炸机更加是时代错乱的产物。这些飞机看起来像是1933年苏联加里宁K-7，但是其实这个型号的飞机在当时只进行过几次试飞就被放弃了，原因是不实用。可是在《辐射》的世界里，它似乎从苏联转移到共产主义邻居中国，而中国在2077年将其进一步改良成实用的喷气式战略轰炸机。在我们的现实世界中早已退役的一些机型，比如50年代 P-80流星战斗机，以及明显带有时代特征的喷气式战斗机，被做了一些改进，依然在美国空军中服役，直到核战。有趣的是，P-80似乎做了一些“海军化”的改进，让他们可以停靠在航母上。在铆钉城的飞行甲板上，可以看到折叠机翼的P-80。在铆钉城的历史资料维护房里，有一个明显是P-51野马的飞机，它是否来自像科技博物馆这种收藏场所尚不可知。《辐射》世界的喷气推进技术有长足的进步，中国轰炸机几乎都是喷气动力的。在特区废墟中的弗侬广场，有一个金属物体，看起来像是坠毁的喷气式飞机，我们不知道它是人类驾驶的飞行器，还是飞航式巡航导弹，但它与德国在二战期间根据V2弹道导弹研制出的A4b中程滑翔导弹极为相似。
《辐射》世界与我们的世界相比，另外一个重要的科技区别在于塑料化合物的使用范围。在《辐射》的世界中，塑料远没有我们现实世界中这样流行，玻璃和金属合金是首选材料。注射器是玻璃的，可以重复使用；治疗针装在金属箱子的玻璃小瓶中，等等。尽管水的容器似乎是聚酯瓶，但瓶子的尺寸和形状暗示它们主要是实验室设备。然而，美国军方在广泛使用塑料高分子技术——军用战斗盔甲由先进的防御高分子材料制成，就像T-51b动力盔甲和在线模式中其它的动力盔甲一样。由于在与中国的战争中缺乏资源，美国国防产业不得不想出替代方案，这些盔甲是由钢材提炼出的材料制成，而不是使用先进的高分子材料。
小型、可携带的单向能量武器，比如激光枪和等离子枪，在《辐射》的世界中无处不在。它们可以把目标烧成一堆灰烬或者烧成一堆液态的泡沫——完全是50年代低级科幻小说和B级电影中的“死亡射线”的效果。
两个世界中的物理效果
《辐射》世界中的物理原理与现实世界存在根本上的不同，它更加倾向于反映50年代低级科幻小说中阐述的科学理论，而不是21世纪真正科技的发展。“明日世界”这一主题并不仅仅决定世界的历史如何以不同的方式展现20世纪和21世纪，而且还继承了当时的物理原理，也就是用空想的“科学”取代真实的物理科学，并在《辐射》中大行其道。在现实世界中，我们知道，暴露在高度的电离辐射中会导致辐射病、癌症和其它致命症状。然而在《辐射》的世界中，暴露在辐射中并不一定是致命的，这有时会引发变异，比如格外庞大的躯体。僵尸的状况则是极长的生命周期、高度的肉体耐久性和外部腐烂的躯体。50年代经典的恐怖电影，比如《Them!》或者《The Fifty Foot Woman》中讲述的异常核事故造成巨大的蚂蚁和人类的情节，是对《辐射》世界中异想天开的基本科学原理的最好诠释。
原文：
The Fallout world is an anachronistic setting historically divergent from our own and fundamentally different from our universe in how the laws of science work. The base concept for the setting is a 1950's World of Tomorrow, a future as envisioned through the lens of the Atomic and Jet Ages. In 2277, the Fallout world is more or less what the people of the 1950's thought things would be like in a future decimated by nuclear war.
World of tomorrow
The Fallout world is home to hovering, housecleaning robots, and the use of laser guns and other directed energy weapons is the norm. Automobiles look like Motorama concept vehicles from the 1950's: massive tail-finned and chromed behemoths, yet powered by nuclear fusion engines. Computers are still giant banks of machines and use tape (albeit holographically-encoded) for storage. Clothing styles and building interiors and furnishings remain very much stuck in the culture of the American 1950's. Posters and signage also largely hearken to this decade. Radio, rather than televison, remains the most common mass media, and food products are based on those popularized in the TV dinner era (boxed macaroni and cheese, canned meat, Salisbury steak TV dinners, etc.).
Divergence of the timelines
The historical details of the Divergence and the exact moment when it occurred are unknown. What is known is that it happened at some point after the end of World War II in 1945. The date is hard to pin down, because, even after the Divergence, the two timelines are not entirely different. For example, certain residents of Megaton in Fallout 3 occasionally utter the phrase, "Don't let them fool you with their hippie crap." While the term 'hippie' existed as early as 1945, it didn't enter the popular American lexicon until the 1960's in our reality[1]. Clearly, in the Fallout universe, something similar to the rise of anti-war hippie culture in our world also occurred.
Instead of working to develop supercomputers and miniaturized electronics, post-World War II humanity in the Fallout universe invested its technological efforts in further harnessing the atom, inventing compact nuclear fusion power generators and an enhanced and miniaturized form of nuclear fission, as well as more advanced robotics, cybernetics and genetic engineering than we currently possess in our universe. The invention of fusion power allowed the people of the Fallout world a clean, renewable, plentiful and portable source of power. This meant that things like Power Armor and directed energy weapons could be built, as well as the large number of housekeeping robots used by many Americans before the Great War. Many such power sources continue to function hundreds of years after their construction.
A demonization of Communism, common to both worlds during the 1950's, remains a part of everyday American life in the Fallout universe. For example Liberty Prime in Take it Back! proclaims, "Death is a preferable alternative to Communism!", and "Better dead than Red!"
Washington, D.C
City design in the Fallout universe differs from that in ours. Washington, DC, for example, looks similar to the American capital city of our world in terms of the placement of signature buildings and overall urban design, but has some noticeable changes. Much of the pre-Great War contemporary architecture is 1940's/'50's art deco & 1950's/'60's modernist. The National Mall is smaller and narrower; the Capitol Building doesn't have a pond in front of it, and its design is slightly different (stairs leading directly up the building, instead of two separate sets of stairs); the Jefferson Memorial is farther away from the Mall; the skyscrapers that define Arlington, VA in our reality do not exist; the National Archives building is located farther from the National Mall; buildings such as the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum are replaced with others (in this case the Museum of Technology); and busts of persons apparently famous in the Fallout world while unknown in ours are located on many buildings. Many buildings and memorials built since the 1950's and 1960's in our timeline (such as the Vietnam War Memorial, the World War II Memorial, Nationals' Park, the Kennedy Center and the Newseum) either were never built or were completely destroyed and totally forgotten. Factories remain fairly common, as was the case during the American industrial economy of the 1940's-1960's, and, while heavily automated with robotics, are still quite primitive by our present-day standards.
Computers that fit in a single room!
One of the major divergences from our own history is that, in the Fallout world, the rapid miniaturization of digital computers and electronics never occurred. The transistor, invented in our world in 1947, was not developed in the Fallout universe until the decade just before the Great War in 2077, while its successor, the semiconducting microprocessor chip, may have never been developed at all. As a result, the digital computers in Fallout are all of the old reel-to-reel tape type that take up large amounts of room. The mixed vacuum tube/transistor personal computers used on desktops are very large and bulky, while displays are small monochromatic cathode ray tubes rather than the liquid crystal flat panel displays now common in our own universe. Data is stored on holotapes or holodisks which electromagentically store information as three-dimensional digital images. These computers are very advanced in their processing power, indicating that progress continued in computer science (albeit at a slower rate than in our universe), but the technology to make them smaller never emerged. Nor did user-friendly icon-based graphical user interface operating systems, which first appeared commercially in our world in the 1980's.
Television sets and radios also failed to evolve past the early 1960's level, and television in the Fallout universe remained in the same monochromatic hues as its computer screens. Post-Great War, it could be conceived that the microprocessor and other highly advanced digital technologies were indeed invented, as androids like those found in the Capital Wasteland would undoubtedly require miniaturized electronics in order to function. Whether this technology was limited to the possession of the scientists working at the organization known only as the Institute and its location in the Commonwealth that lies to the north of the Capital Wasteland, is unknown.
Various references to uploading and downloading, as well as to e-mail and networked communications, also demonstrate that though the Fallout universe lacks our mastery of microprocessor technology, other aspects of computer science proceeded unhindered, such as robotics, the development of the Internet, and orbital communications satellites.
Arms and equipment
All of the Fallout games use a combination of fictional weapons and weapons similar or identical to real-world examples. The games vary in their faithfulness to canon and logic in their choices of which weapons are included as well as in how the weapons' characteristics have been modified from their real-world counterparts.
The development of nuclear weapons in the Fallout world also differed from our universe in that the majority of nuclear weapons remained in aircraft-delivered bomb form, while only a minority were miniaturized into warheads and placed atop ballistic missiles. There is only one example of a nuclear missile in-game: the Minuteman ICBM in Fort Constantine. Research into missile-borne nuclear weapons was certainly conducted as part of the United States' and other nations' space programs, and it is suggested that nuclear-capable countries, such as the U.S. and China, had begun converting their nuclear stockpiles to ballistic missile form by the time of the Great War in 2077. Aircraft-delivered nuclear weapons took the form of the old-style bombs used in the 1940's and 1950's, similar to the Fat Man dropped on Nagasaki in World War II. Although electronic miniaturization was accomplished in the Fallout universe, nuclear bombs of the late twenty-first century still retained the Fat Man-esque shape. The fact that Washington, DC--known to have been bombarded by multiple nuclear bombs--still has standing ruins, and that only the White House has been reduced to a crater, indicates that the bombs dropped on the city had a very low yield, in the 15-20 kiloton range, if not even smaller.
Aircraft are not frequently found in the Fallout universe but there is evidence their designs have not changed remarkably since the immediate post-World War II era of the late 1940's and early 1950's. The Chinese bombers glimpsed in Operation: Anchorage appear even more anachronistic. They appear to be a development of the 1933 Soviet Kalinin K-7. This aircraft flew only as a prototype and then was discarded as impractical at the time. However, in the Fallout universe it seems the design was passed from the Soviets to their Communist neighbors in China, who developed it further into an effective jet-powered strategic bomber by 2077. Combat aircraft from the 1950's such as the P-80 Shooting Star, or at least jet fighter aircraft with that distinctive shape, long retired in our own timeline, continued to serve in the U.S. Air Force, with some modifications, until the time of the Great War. Interestingly the P-80 seems to have been "navalised" for use on American aircraft carriers, as folding-wing versions are seen on the flight deck of Rivet City. A plane, which is clearly a P-51 Mustang, can be found in the Capitol Preservation Society in Rivet City, though whether this was recovered from a museum like the Museum of Technology is unclear. Jet propulsion has been fully developed in the Fallout universe, as the Chinese bombers seen are all jet powered. In Vernon Square in the DC ruins there is what appears to be a crashed rocket plane, but whether this was a manned vehicle or a winged cruise missile is unclear. It closely resembles the German A4b Intermediate range boost-glide missile developed during World War II from the V2 ballistic missile.
Another technological difference between the Fallout universe and our own is the approach taken to plastic polymer use. In the Fallout universe, plastic is far less prevalent than in our own, with glass and metal alloys being the materials of choice. Syringes are glass and reusable, stimpaks come in a glass vial inside a metal casing, etc. Although water seems to come in plastic PET bottles, the shape and size of the bottles themselves suggest they are mainly part of laboratory equipment. However, the American military has widely employed plastic polymers - military combat armor is made of advanced defensive polymers, as is the T-51b Power Armor and later Power Armor models in the line. Shortages in material due to the war with China, however, forced the American defense industry to cut corners, and certain series of armors were produced out of steel rather than the advanced polymers.
Compact and portable directed energy weapons, such as lasers and plasma guns, exist in the Fallout world and are capable of burning targets to a pile of ash or into a liqueified puddle--the famed "death ray" of 1950's pulp fiction and B-films.
Physics in a different universe
The laws of physics in the Fallout universe are fundamentally different from our own, bent to reflect the science of 1950's pulp science fiction rather than actual twenty-first century science. The "World of Tomorrow" theme is not limited to what technologies exist and how the history of the world unfolded differently in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries; it also applies to the laws of physics, where fantasy "Science!", rather than mathematical physical science, is dominant. In our world, we know that exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation leads to radiation sickness, cancer, and other deadly conditions. In the Fallout world, however, severe radiation exposure is not always fatal, and it occasionally produces mutations including increased size and, in the case of ghouls, extremely long life span and increased physical durability coupled with an externally decaying body. Classic 1950's horror movies like Them! or The Fifty Foot Woman, in which freak nuclear accidents caused giant ants or people to appear, are good examples of the Fallout universe's whimsical take on basic scientific principles.
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发表于 2011-2-22 12:03
只玩了辐射3，之后的DLC和新维加斯都没玩啊！
