【2011.3.29 纽约时报】核电还是煤电？

逆卷炎灵

【中文标题】煤电还是核电？
【原文标题】Nuclear or Coal?
【登载媒体】纽约时报
【来源地址】http://bbs.m4.cn/thread-3086916-1-1.html
【译        者】逆卷炎灵（三流翻译，请多指教）
【作        者】 PHILIP BOWRING
【翻译方式】人工
【声        明】本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不得转载。
【译        文】

HONG KONG — Twenty five years ago a million people here signed a petition opposing a plan to build a nuclear power station with two reactors a few miles across the China border to provide power for Hong Kong and Guangdong Province. Some eminent citizens promised to emigrate if the plant was built.
香港——25年前，有一百万人在这里联合在一份请愿书上签名，反对一项建设核电站的计划，这座核电站建在中国边界几英里附近，有两个反应堆，为香港和广东省提供电力。一些名人说如果核电站建成，他们会选择移民。

But built it was and they had to eat their words. Operating since 1993, it has since attracted little attention from the Hong Kong people even though it sits by the sea, close to a fault line.
但最终核电站还是建起来了，哪些人不得不食言。自1993年开始运作起来，它只引起了香港人小小的关注，即使它建在海边，靠近断层带。

In fact, many people today wish that much more of the territory’s power would come from nuclear sources, which currently account for only about 15 percent of local consumption, rather than from the coal-fired stations, which contribute a great deal to Hong Kong’s serious air-pollution problem.
实际上，如今的人们更多地希望电力来自于核能发电而不是燃煤发电，核电已经在当地用电总量中占15%，而燃煤发电则导致了香港严重的空气污染。

Premature deaths in Hong Kong caused by air pollution are now estimated at around 2,800 a year, and the air causes 90,000 hospitalizations a year. Air pollution has also driven away businesses to cleaner cities like Singapore, Sydney and, indeed, Tokyo.
在香港，每年因空气污染造成的死亡人数约为2800人，而90000人因此住院。投资者们更愿意选择清洁的城市，诸如新加坡、悉尼甚至东京。

But Hong Kong air is clean compared with most Chinese cities, so the public-health arguments in favor of more nuclear power are all the stronger on the mainland. The World Health Organization estimated in 2007 that every year more than 600,000 Chinese die prematurely from the effects of air pollution. Things are unlikely to be better now.
与中国其他城市相比，香港要好的多，因此对于建设更多核电的呼声在大陆一直很高。世界卫生组织在2007年估计，中国每年因空气污染造成的死亡人数达600000，现在或许会更糟。

Some of those deaths could be attributed to household burning of coal and charcoal for warmth and cooking. A large and rising part could be attributed to road vehicles. But that still leaves a huge number of deaths directly attributable to the coal-fired power stations that generate most of China’s electricity.
一些死亡可能是日常取暖做饭燃烧的煤炭所导致，更大的一部分，则来自于尾气排放，并且这部分在持续增长。但仍然有巨额的死亡是燃煤发电直接导致，燃煤发电供给着中国大部分电力。

Nor is that the only cost of coal. There is also the huge number of deaths from coal-mining accidents.
除了煤炭的消耗之外，还有大量的矿难事故导致了死亡。

Big cuts in coal-related deaths are of course possible without going nuclear. Cleaner power stations with the latest antipollution technology are replacing old ones. Poorly run coal mines are being forced to close, reducing the mining death toll. But with China having to import growing amounts of oil and natural gas, the country’s reliance on coal will continue for years to come.
要减少煤炭污染造成的死亡，必须要发展核能源。拥有最新的排污技术的发电站很快地取代了旧的发电站。经营不善的煤矿被强制关闭，这减少了大部分矿难事故造成的死亡。但因为中国进口石油天然气的数量不断增长，这个国家对煤的依赖在未来几年仍会持续。

The one renewable source that many want to be tapped — hydroelectricity — arguably has as many drawbacks as coal. The most potential area for hydro power is in the remote southwest of China, from the upper reaches on rivers that flow into neighboring countries — India, Vietnam, Myanmar. But the full exploitation of hydro potential would damage immensely the livelihoods of tens of millions of people living downstream in the plains of the Mekong, Salween and Brahmaputra rivers.
极具开发潜力的一种可再生能源技术——水力发电，与燃煤发电一样，有着诸多缺点。在最具水力发电潜力的中国西南地区，河流从高处流往中国的邻国，诸如印度、越南和缅甸。全力开发水电将会严重损害邻国的利益，包括那些居住在湄公河、萨尔温江及怒江下游平原的几千万居民。

Many people in China may not care about that, but Beijing, anxious to appear as a good friend, now takes its neighbors’ worries seriously. While nuclear concerns should give a renewed boost to solar and wind energy, their potential is still small relative to China’s future needs.
许多中国人或许不关心这些，但北京却很关注他的邻居们，毕竟中国一直担忧自己是否能以好朋友的身份面对他们。核问题能促使人们重视太阳能、风能，但这些能源的开发潜力对于中国未来的需求远远不足。

Of course, views are different in developed countries with cleaner air, little energy-demand growth and high government sensitivity to the public’s nuclear fears. For sure, there will be enhanced attention everywhere to safety devices and the location of plants.
当然，空气清洁的发达国家有不同的看法，它们的能源需求增长极小，政府对公众关于核能的担忧尤其敏感。当然，无论在哪，大家都将更加重视设备和厂房的安全问题。

But even advanced countries like France and South Korea seem likely to continue to prefer to look at nuclear power as less of a danger than increasing carbon emissions or dependence on imported oil. And those people now expressing grave reservations need reminding that until recently they were lecturing the world about carbon emissions and global warming.
但是像德国、韩国这样的发达国家，却认为，相对于碳排放、石油进口量增加这些问题，核能的危险性不足挂齿。我们需要提醒下那些对核能持保留态度的人，直到最近，他们还在因碳排放及全球变暖问题批评世界。

As for China, the push for nuclear power could even be enhanced as Fukushima provides an opportunity to weigh nuclear dangers against the reality of today’s death toll from coal.
谈及中国，因煤炭污染造成的死亡人数不断增长，面对这一现实，福岛事故会让中国更加重视核能发展。

译者说：我现在不难理解，为什么奥运期间，那些可怜的外国人戴口罩了……文中数据真假，请自己百度，或者去中国环保部官网看看……实在不行，拿常识推断一下……唉唉唉

andrew305

煤电太污染环境了，我是山西人，知道山西被誉为什么吗，北京的锅炉房，有来过山西的朋友应该对这里的环境深有体会。

tbobye

数据有些夸张吧 是够恐怖的

无可就要

现在的煤电好象已经实现了零排放

清馨小雨

在香港，每年因空气污染造成的死亡人数约为2800人，而90000人因此住院。投资者们更愿意选择清洁的城市，诸如新加坡、悉尼甚至东京。

哪里错了吧~

GordonLam

煤电零排放？！不要开玩笑了吧。中国确实需要核能，而且是大量的核能。

隔路山贼

煤电零排放？！不要开玩笑了吧。中国确实需要核能，而且是大量的核能。
GordonLam 发表于 2011-4-2 10:03

中国需要大量的能源没错。
但是中国要是大量修建核电站的话，岂不是台一些小国都成为了手握核武器的国家，他们只要常规攻击一座核电站，那么周围几十公里半径内就没法住人了。
你还没法核报复对方。

crystof

站在岸上指责是最省力的事情了

qinxiu89121

中国需要大量的能源没错。
但是中国要是大量修建核电站的话，岂不是台一些小国都成为了手握核武器的国家， ...
隔路山贼 发表于 2011-4-2 13:59

    这种情况还不核反击，你当中国政府吃干饭的，中国不首先使用核武器，但是不表示不会以核武器反击敌人，反击的条件就包括敌人首先对中国使用核武器、攻击中国核设施，还有攻击三峡大坝造成严重后果的话也会招致中国的核报复。