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本帖最后由 满仓 于 2011-8-26 15:23 编辑
【中文标题】斯蒂夫乔布斯漫长而又非凡的职业生涯
【原文标题】The Long, Extraordinary Career of Steve Jobs
【登载媒体】时代周刊
【原文链接】http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1976921,00.html
随着苹果CEO走下神坛，《时代周刊》回顾了斯蒂夫乔布斯远见卓识、传说般的职业生涯。
电脑天才
斯蒂夫乔布斯通过他在1976年联合创建的苹果公司，永久性地重新定义了个人电子计算的方法、外观和感受。他是第一个认识到图形用户界面庞大商业潜力的人；第一个发掘鼠标驱动点击操作系统的人，后者在实质上引领了今天所有桌面电脑的设计原理。在他跨越四十年的职业生涯中，他推出了若干个成为业界典范的设备，彻底改变了整个行业。
早期合作伙伴
乔布斯在电脑行业巨人惠普公司的一次暑期兼职工作中（他当时高中还没有毕业），遇到了合作创建苹果公司的伙伴斯蒂夫沃兹尼亚克（前排就座者）。他后来考入里德大学，但一个学期之后便即退学，在1974年回到矽谷。在那里，他和沃兹尼亚克频繁参加Homebrew电脑俱乐部举办的会议。
盒子里的革命
苹果I电脑在Bay Area电脑商店中首次面世，售价666.66美元。这套需要自己动手组装的设备包括一个空白的印制电路板、一套辅助零件和一本16页的组装说明书。用户需要额外准备电源、键盘和显示器才能做出一个可以使用的设备。
年轻企业家的形象
只有乔布斯高超的销售和宣传技巧才能配得上他自身卓越的技术才能。他绝不放弃自己的理念和产品，这让他与同事和评论人士的冲突不断，同时也给自己冠以傲慢、粗暴的管理者的名声。
权力争夺
1983年，乔布斯邀请百事首席执行官John Sculley（中）加入苹果，沃兹尼亚克依旧掌权。双方的关系迅速恶化，同时整个行业的销售状况一落千丈，不得不采取裁员、重新回顾营销和技术策略等手段。1985年，乔布斯被自己创建的公司辞退。
NeXT是什么？
乔布斯离开苹果，似乎更加激发了他重塑个人电脑行业的欲望。他的下一段征程——NeXT电脑——把苹果的理念更加深化一步。这项产品具有光滑的镁制外壳、大幅提升的图形界面、内置的以太网端口和其它很多项技术提升。尽管由于价格太高而无法打入主流市场，但它对下一代电子计算产品产生了极大的影响。
重返苹果
缺少了乔布斯的苹果飘摇不定，在90年代中期甚至面临破产。1996年，公司宣布以4.29亿美元收购NeXT电脑，以此让乔布斯回到了他创建的公司。1998年，焦躁不安的董事会授予他临时CEO的头衔。
工作中的乔布斯
NeXT电脑背后所蕴含的大部分技术都在新一代苹果产品中得到了延续。与此同时，乔布斯通过对产品的高超设计——比如iMac——重新恢复了苹果公司的声誉。他开设了一系列精美的零售店，专门销售并推广苹果产品。苹果的品牌重新焕发出青春。
动画
在他离开苹果的日子里，乔布斯还购买并运作了一个电脑动画工作室——皮克斯。这家工作室的第一部电影《玩具总动员》在1995年上映，票房收入3.6亿美元，立即在好莱坞中确立了不可动摇的地位。从那时开始，皮克斯几乎开创了一系列神话般的成功：《海底总动员》、《赛车总动员》、《机器人总动员》和《飞屋环游记》（译者注：悲催的中文译名）。2006年，迪斯尼以74亿美元收购了皮克斯100％的股权，让乔布斯成为有史以来的最大股东。
摇滚
2001年，乔布斯通过iPod的面世再一次开创了业界的典范。尽管这款产品与传统的便携式音乐播放器相比并没有多少技术进步，但它卓越的使用感受和时尚的设计元素在行业中显得出类拔萃。而且，与iPod同时面世的是iTunes，这个网络音乐商店永久性地改变了音乐产业的模式。上图，U2乐队成员Bono和The Edge与乔布斯在2004年的产品发布会上。
iPhone
2007年，乔布斯在彻底改变了个人电脑和音乐产业之后，又把目光投向了移动通讯领域。在那一年的Macworld大会上，他公布了iPhone。6月份开始销售之后，这款产品的销量迅速达到600万台，与雄霸该产业多年的产品——如黑莓——并驾齐驱。除了通话功能之外，iPhone具有网络连接功能、多点触控技术和庞大的应用程序库，都是由苹果产品的粉丝和开发人员设计的。
iPad的成功
2010年1月，乔布斯宣布苹果将推出一款新型平板电脑——iPad。尽管其在功能上类似iPhone，但iPad有更大的触摸屏，让阅读、游戏和欣赏视频更加方便。首款iPad大获成功，不到一个月就售出100万部，仅用了iPhone达到这个销量的一半时间。2011年3月，第二代iPad上市，立即成为苹果迄今为止最成功的产品。仅在产品发布的周末，就售出将近100万台。到了2011年8月，全世界共售出2500万部iPad。
一个时代的终结
8月24日，苹果的一代大师向公司的董事会和全世界宣布，他不再担任首席执行官的职务。（上图，乔布斯在2011年6月6日。）他要求担任董事会主席，并推荐苹果首席运营官Tim Cook继任CEO。他说，苹果的未来必将更加辉煌。他同时向苹果的员工们表示感谢。
原文：
As the Apple CEO steps down, TIME takes a look at Steve Jobs' storied, visionary career
Computer Genius
Through Apple Inc., the company he co-founded in 1976, Steve Jobs has permanently redefined the method, look and feel of personal computing. He was amongst the first to recognize the vast commerical potential of the graphical user interface, the mouse-drive point and click system that pilots virtually every desktop computer today. During the course of a career spanning almost four decades, he has introduced several paradigm-shifting devices, reshaping entire industries in the process.
Early Partners
Jobs met his Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, seated, above, while working as a summer employee (he had yet to graduate high school) at computer giant Hewlett-Packard. He enrolled at Reed College, then dropped out after one semester, returning in 1974 to Silicon Valley, where he and Wozniak began attending meetings of the Homebrew Computer Club.
Revolution in a Box
Marketed initially through Bay Area computer shops, the Apple 1 computer sold for $666.66. The do-it-yourself kit contained a blank printed circuit board, a collection of parts and 16 pages of insructions. To make a functional machine, the user needed to provide a power supply, keyboard and display.
Portrait of the Entrepreneur as a Young Man
Jobs' technical brilliance was equalled only by his consumate skill as a salesman and pitchman. His unswerving commitment to his ideas and product led him to clash frequently with his colleagues and critics, giving him a reputation as a brash and tempestuous manager.
Power Struggle
In 1983, Jobs invited PepsiCo President John Sculley, center above, to join him and Wozniak at the helm of Apple, Inc. The partnership soon soured, though, as an industry-wide sales slump forced lay-offs and a re-examination of marketing and technical strategies. By 1985, Jobs was removed from the company he helped found.
What's NeXT
Jobs' departure from Apple only seemed to inflame his desire to remold the world of personal computing. His next venture, NeXT Computer, took the Apple ideal one step further, and featured a sleek magnesium cube with a greatly enhanced graphical interface, built-in Ethernet port and many other technical advancements. Though the machine was priced too high to break into the mainstream market, it had a tremendous influence over the next generation of computing.
Return to Apple
In Jobs' absence, Apple drifted, and, at one point in the mid-1990s, flirted with bankruptcy. In 1996, the company announced that it would buy NeXT Computer for $429 million, thereby bringing Jobs back to the company he founded. By 1998, a restless board gave him the title of interim CEO.
Jobs on the Job
Much of the technology behind the NeXT machine found its way into the subsequent generation of Apple products. At the same time, Jobs restored the company's reputation for excellence in design with products like the iMac, and reinvigorated the Apple brand by opening a series of slick, retail outlets devoted exclusively to the sale and nurturing of Apple devices.
Animated
During the years he was away from Apple, Jobs also bought and developed a computer animation lab called Pixar. The unit's first feature film, Toy Story, released in 1995, grossed $360 million and instantly established the studio as a major Hollywood player. Pixar has enjoyed a virtually unbroken string of successes since then, with films such as Finding Nemo, Cars, Wall-E and Up. In 2006, Disney negotiated a $7.4 billion all-stock deal to acquire the unit, a deal that made jobs the legendary studio's largest stockholder.
Rock and Roll
In 2001, Jobs initiated another paradigm shift with the introduction of the iPod. Though it did little to advance the functionality of earlier portable music players, it featured superior usability and a sleek design. What's more, its roll-out was accompanied by the debut of iTunes, a web-based music store that permanently reshaped the parameters of the music industry. U2 band members Bono and The Edge, above, joined Jobs at an iPod promo event in 2004.
The iPhone
By 2007, having already transformed the personal computing and music industries, Jobs set his sights on cellular telecommunications. At that year's Macworld convention, he unveiled the iPhone, which, after it went on sale in June, quickly sold over 6 million units, putting on the same footing with products, like the Blackberry, that had been on the market for years. In addition to the phone, the device features internet connectivity, a user interface built around multi-touch technology and a vast library of apps, created by a virtual army of Apple devotees and developers.
The Success of the iPad
In January 2010, Jobs announced that Apple would introduce a new tablet computer, the iPad. Though similar in functionality to the iPhone, the iPad features a much larger screen, increasing the visibility for reading, gaming and watching video. The first iPad was an overwhelming success, with more than 1 million sold in less than a month — about half of the time it took for the iPhone to achieve the same milestone. In March 2011, the second generation iPad was released, and it quickly became Apple's biggest success to date. Close to 1 million units of the tablet were sold just during its debut weekend. As of August 2011, more than 25 million iPads have been sold around the world.
End of an Era
On August 24, Apple's maestro told the company's board and the world that he was unable to continue as chief executive. Jobs, seen above on June 6, 2011, asked to serve as chairman, and recommended that Apple COO Tim Cook succeed him as CEO. And he said that Apple's best days were ahead of it and expressed gratitude to his coworkers.
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发表于 2011-8-26 20:41
