【外交政策0227】史上十大黑客袭击事件

lilyma06

Shots FiredThe 10 worst cyberattacks.
   BY JOSHUA E. KEATING  |            FEBRUARY 27, 2012      
      
TITAN RAIN
Years: 2003-2007
Alleged source: China
Fallout: In 2004,U.S. federal investigators discoveredan ongoing series of attacks penetrating the networks of the departments ofDefense, State, Energy, and Homeland Security, as well as those of defense contractors, anddownloading terabytes of data. The investigators were able to trace thecyberspying ring -- which they code-named "Titan Rain" back to computers inGuangdong, China. While the Chinese military is widelybelieved to have been involved in the attacks, Beijing has consistentlydenied responsibility. It was reported in 2007 that attacks believed to beconnected to Titan Rain had also targeted the British Foreign Office.

SHADY RAT
Years: 2006-present
Target: Dozens
Alleged source: China
Fallout: In 2011,McAfee reportedthe existence of a five-year-old hacking campaign it calls Shady RAT. It works by sending anemail to an employee of a targeted organization, who then installs a"Trojan horse" on the computer after clicking an innocuous-lookingattachment. The 49 victims include the International Olympic Committee, theUnited Nations, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, companies in Japan,Switzerland, Britain, Indonesia, Denmark, Singapore, Hong Kong,Germany, and India, and the governments of United States, Taiwan, South Korea,Vietnam, and Canada. At least 13 U.S. defense contractors were also hit. Thelist of targets has led many analysts to suspect Chinese involvement. It hasbeen called the biggestcyberattack of all time.
THE ESTONIA ATTACKS
Year: 2007
Alleged source: Russia
Fallout: One ofthe most devastating attacks ever unleashedon a country, the Estonia attackfollowed the controversial decision to remove a Soviet war memorial incentral Tallinn, the capital. The operation was a distributed denial-of-service (DDOS) attack,which involves using remotely commandeered computers -- collectively known as a botnet -- tooverwhelm a targeted web server, taking it offline. The attacks took down thewebsites of Estonia's major banks, government websites, and news portals. Atthe peak of the crisis, bank cards and mobile phones were inoperable within thecountry. The Russian government has denied responsibility for the attack, but aState Duma deputy from the ruling United Russia party made an offhandremark to a journalist two years later saying that one of his staff members hadbeen involved in the attack.
THE AUGUST WAR
Year: 2008
Alleged source: Russia
Fallout: Duringthe August 2008 Russia-Georgia war, key Georgian websites, including the pagesof President Mikheil Saakashvili, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Ministryof Defense, as well as numerous corporate and media sites, were takendown by cyberattacks. At one point the Parliament's site was replaced withphotos comparing Saakashvili to Hitler. Georgian officials haveblamed a cybercriminal group known as the Russian Business Network for theattacks. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev denied government involvement.
GHOSTNET
Years: 2009-present
Alleged source: China
Fallout: In 2009,Canadian researchers discovered a massive electronicspying network that had infiltrated 1,295 computers in 103 countries. Theresearchers were acting on a request from the Dalai Lama's office to seewhether his personal network had been infiltrated -- it had. Ministries of foreignaffairs and embassies in Iran, Bangladesh, Indonesia, India, South Korea,Thailand, Germany, and Pakistan were also affected. The Chinese government deniedinvolvement.
STUXNET
Year: 2010
Alleged source: Israel
Fallout: Discoveredin June 2010, the Stuxnet worm exploitsa vulnerability in Windows to attack Siemens industrial systems, such asthose used in nuclear power plants. While systems in several countries, including the United States, wereaffected, Iran was the worsthit, with over 16,000 computers infected. The virus seemed to bespecifically targeting Iran's nuclear program, leading to suspicions that ithad been designed by Israel. The Israeli government has neither confirmed nordenied involvement, but a 2011 New York Times investigationconcluded that the worm had been developed and tested in Israel.
50 DAYS OF LULZ
Year: 2011
Alleged source: LulzSec
Fallout: In the spring and summer of 2011, a group of hackers calling itself LulzSec,associated with the online collective Anonymous, went on a tear, disabling anddefacing a series of prominent websites. Unlike previous large-scalecyberattacks, the group didn't seem motivated by profit or a particularlyideology, but were in fact, in it for the lulz. The group did occasionally take astand. For example, in response to a documentary about WikiLeaksthat it thought was negative, it posted a story on PBS's website alleging that Tupac Shakur is alive. The group also took down CIA.gov at one point. Inits biggest operation, Lulzsec hacked into Sony PlayStation's website, compromising thepersonal information of more than a million users. In June, the group announcedthrough its Twitter feed that it was suspending its campaign, releasing a troveof classified AT&T documents as a parting shot. In July 2011, police arrestedan 18-year-old man in the Shetland Islands said to be "Topiary," one of theLulzsec ringleaders.
THE SOUTH KOREAN DDOS
Year: 2011
Alleged source: NorthKorea
Fallout: DDOS attacks in March2004 targeted more than 40 South Korean websites, including those of the NationalAssembly, military headquarters, U.S. forces in South Korea, and several major banks.The attacks shut down the country's stock trading system for several minutes.An estimated 11,000 personal computers may have been infected by malware aspart of the attack. A month later, an attack broughtdown the network of a major South Korean bank. The South has accused NorthKorea of running an ongoing cyberwarfare campaign since similar smaller attacksin 2009, but no solid link to Pyongyang has been proven.
ANONYMOUS
Years: 2011-2012
Alleged source: Aloose coalition of online "hacktivists"
Fallout: Theonline group known as Anonymous was, until recently, bestknown for its attacks on the Church of Scientology and Fox News host BillO'Reilly. But lately it has taken on more of a political character. Anonymous targetedEgyptian government websites during the uprising against Hosni Mubarak, andwhen the regime took the unprecedented step of shutting the country's Internetdown, the group went old school, floodinggovernment offices with faxes. In response to the January arrest of Megauploadfounder Kim Dotcom, Anonymous shutdown the websites of the U.S. Justice Department and the Recording IndustryAssociation of America, as well as those of several record companies and congressionaloffices. In February, the group took credit for shutting down thewebsite of the CIA.
INDIA
Year: 2012
Alleged source: Indiaor China
Fallout: This January, U.S. authorities began investigatingallegations that Indian intelligence operatives had hacked into theemails of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, an Americanagency that monitors trade policy was China. The investigation came afterhackers posted a document online purporting to show Indian militaryintelligence plans to target the commission as well as extracts from theemails in question. Just a few weeks later, however, the document was foundto be fake -- though the emails were real -- and investigators are nowfocusing on Chinese hackers as the most likely source of the breach.



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