【中文标题】美国与中国：第二章，全球民众对巴拉克•奥巴马的看法
【原文标题】Chapter 2. Global Opinion of Barack Obama
【登载媒体】皮尤调查
【原文链接】http://www.pewglobal.org/2013/07/18/united-states-and-china-the-image-of-the-globes-two-superpowers/
巴拉克•奥巴马总统受到了全世界普遍的欢迎，尤其是在欧洲、非洲和部分亚太地区。然而，对奥巴马总统的态度自2009年之后有所下滑。过去4年里，全球公众对美国总统和美国外交政策的支持率均有下降，某些地区下降的程度还不小。
对奥巴马的信心
全球很多公众都对奥巴马总统在国际事务上做出正确决定有信心，24个参与调查的国家都给美国人的领导力打出高分，但地区间的差异显著。
美国、加拿大和大部分欧洲国家都表示出对奥巴马处理国际问题的信心，这其中包括八成以上的德国人（88％）、法国人（83％）和加拿大人（81％）。波兰人、俄罗斯人和希腊人却不大相信奥巴马做事的方式。
非洲和亚太地区的民众也给奥巴马打出了高分。几乎所有参与调查的非洲国家大部分受访者都说，他们对美国总统有信心，这其中包括奥巴马父亲的出生地肯尼亚（81％）。在亚太地区，大部分国家的多数受访者都相信奥巴马会做正确的事情，中国人（31％）和巴基斯坦人（10％）不这样认为。
拉丁美洲国家之间的意见不大统一。巴西、智利、萨尔瓦多和墨西哥半数以上的受访者对奥巴马有信心，但其它国家持此意见的人少了很多。委内瑞拉尤其不喜欢美国领导人。
在所有参与调查的地区中，中东对奥巴马总统的信心最低，只有不到三成的受访者相信奥巴马会正确处理国际事务。唯一的例外是以色列，61％的受访者对美国领导人有信心。
尽管大部分受访者给出了高分，但是对美国总统的信心在奥巴马结束第一任期之后有所下降。与2009年的调查结果相比，22个国家的百分比出现了两位数的下降。信心下降最明显的是中国，2009年62％的人对奥巴马有信心，今天只有31％。
尽管如此，比较2007年和2013年的调查结果，奥巴马比乔治•W•布什总统在大部分国家的得分要高，两位美国领导人之间的差距在欧洲尤为明显。但即使在给两位领导人都打出低分的中东，土耳其人、埃及人和约旦人对奥巴马还是更有信心。
对奥巴马政策的认可度
全球大部分民众支持奥巴马的国际政策，但是在有些国家，他的外交政策相比于2009年有所降低。今天，大部分加拿大人和欧洲人认可奥巴马的国际政策，53％的美国人也持此观点。希腊人和俄罗斯人对奥巴马的表现不甚满意。
在亚洲和非洲的很多国家，大部分人支持奥巴马的国际政策。但是，与他们对美国领导人的总体支持率相比，奥巴马的政策获得的认可度稍低一些。例如，51％的马来西亚人相信奥巴马在国际事务上会做出正确决策，但只有28％的人认可他的外交政策。同样，62％的乌干达人说他们对奥巴马有信心，但只有46％的人赞同他的政策。
在拉丁美洲，巴西和萨尔瓦多是仅有的两个大多数民众认可奥巴马国际政策的国家。委内瑞拉对这个问题的支持率最低。
中东地区的民众给奥巴马的外交政策打出了低分。在大部分参与调查的国家中，不到两成的受访者支持他的国际政策。以色列是个例外，57％的人认可奥巴马的政策。
尽管如此，公众与奥巴马的蜜月期即将结束了。22个分别在2009年和2013年参与调查的国家中，对奥巴马的国际政策支持率下降了20个百分点的国家有中国（34％）、印度尼西亚（24％）、阿根廷（24％）、巴勒斯坦（22％）、埃及（21％）和肯尼亚（19％）。其它大部分国家在这两年之间，也至少下降了10个百分点。
奥巴马的二次当选和对美国的态度
尽管奥巴马的支持率在下降，但依然有很多人说他的二次当选有利于美国的形象。北美、欧洲、非洲、拉丁美洲和亚洲的22个国家中，大部分受访者说2012年大选提升了他们对美国的印象。
其它国家都认为奥巴马的再次当选没有改变他们对美国的印象。例如，62％的俄罗斯人、54％的希腊人、41％的阿根廷人、40％的黎巴嫩人和40％的约旦人都说，2012年的大选没有改变他们对美国的印象。
埃及是唯一一个在奥巴马二次当选之后有大部分人说他们对美国印象更差的国家，尽管如此，美国在埃及的受欢迎程度在过去几年相对稳定：从2010年开始，15％到20％的人说他们对美国有好印象。
至于对美国总统的信心，奥巴马二次当选造成的影响明显与布什的二次当选不同。在2005年和2013年参与调查的大部分国家中，人们普遍认为布什的二次当选比奥巴马的二次当选让他们对美国形成了更多的负面印象。
例如，德国、加拿大、法国、英国、土耳其、西班牙、黎巴嫩和印度尼西亚至少一半的受访者说布什的二次当选恶化了美国的形象，而每个国家只有不到三分之一的人说奥巴马的当选也造成了同样的印象。尤其是俄罗斯人和巴基斯坦人，认为美国在他们心中的形象在布什二次当选之后比奥巴马二次当选之后变得更糟糕。
原文：
President Barack Obama is popular with many people around the world, especially in Europe, Africa and parts of the Asia/Pacific region. Nonetheless, positive views of Obama’s presidency have slipped somewhat since 2009, with confidence in the American president and approval of his foreign policies dropping in most countries surveyed over the past four years, in some cases significantly.
Confidence in Obama
Many publics around the world have confidence in President Obama to do the right thing in world affairs. At least half in 24 of the 39 countries surveyed give the American leader high marks, though there is large regional variation.
Majorities throughout much of Europe as well as in the U.S. and Canada express confidence in Obama’s handling of global issues. This includes at least eight-in-ten in Germany (88%), France (83%) and Canada (81%). Poles, Russians and Greeks, meanwhile, are much less likely to say they trust Obama to do the right thing.
Publics in Africa and the Asia/Pacific region also give Obama high marks. In Africa, clear majorities in nearly every country surveyed say they have confidence in the U.S. president, including 81% in Kenya, the land of his father’s birth. In the Asia/Pacific region, at least half in most countries trust Obama to do the right thing in world affairs. The Chinese (31%) and Pakistanis (10%) are much less likely to agree.
Opinion is more divided in Latin America. While roughly half or more express confidence in Obama in Brazil, Chile, El Salvador and Mexico, many fewer say the same in the other countries surveyed. Venezuelans are particularly unlikely to give the U.S. leader good marks.
Among the regions surveyed, people in the Middle East express the lowest levels of confidence in President Obama. About three-in-ten or fewer in most countries say they trust Obama to do the right thing in global affairs. The one exception is Israel, where 61% have confidence in the American leader.
Despite high marks from most publics, confidence in the U.S. president has decreased over Obama’s first term in office. There have been double-digit declines since 2009 in 10 of the 22 countries surveyed in both years. The drop in trust has been particularly large in China, where 62% of the public expressed confidence in Obama in 2009, but just 31% do so today.
Nonetheless, Obama is still rated more highly than President George W. Bush was in most countries surveyed in 2007 and 2013. The gap in confidence in the two American leaders is especially large in Europe. But even in the Middle East, where both presidents received low ratings, the Turks, Egyptians and Jordanians are much more likely to have confidence in Obama than they did in Bush.
Approval of Obama’s Policies
Many around the world approve of Obama’s international policies, though in most countries his foreign policy agenda is less popular now than in 2009. Today, broad majorities in Canada and much of Europe endorse Obama’s international policies, and 53% in the U.S. agree. Greeks and Russians offer much less positive evaluations of Obama’s performance.
In many Asian and African countries, majorities support Obama’s international policies. However, compared with general confidence in the U.S. leader, approval of Obama’s policies tends to be lower in these two regions. For example, while 51% of Malaysians trust Obama to do the right thing in world affairs, just 28% endorse his foreign policies. Similarly, 62% in Uganda say they have confidence in Obama, but only 46% offer a positive evaluation of his policies.
In Latin America, Brazil and El Salvador are the only countries surveyed where majorities approve of Obama’s international policies. Venezuelans are the least likely to express support.
Publics in the Middle East give Obama’s foreign policy agenda very low marks. In most of the countries surveyed, roughly two-in-ten or fewer support his international policies. Israelis again stand out – 57% endorse Obama’s policies.
Nonetheless, the honeymoon with Obama may be over for many publics. Among the 22 countries surveyed in 2009 and 2013, approval of Obama’s international policies has dropped by roughly 20 percentage points or more over the past four years in China (-34), Indonesia (-24), Argentina (-24), the Palestinian territories (-22), Egypt (-21) and Kenya (-19). In most of the other countries surveyed in both years, approval has declined by at least ten percentage points.
Obama’s Re-Election and Views of the U.S.
Despite a decline in positive evaluations of Obama, many around the world say that his re-election led them to have a more favorable opinion of the U.S. In 22 of 38 countries across North America, Europe, Africa, Latin America and Asia, pluralities or majorities say the 2012 election improved their image of America.
In many of the remaining countries surveyed, the consensus is that Obama’s re-election did not change people’s opinions of the U.S. For example, 62% in Russia, 54% in Greece, 41% in Argentina, 40% in Lebanon and 40% in Jordan volunteer that the 2012 election made no difference in how they feel about the U.S.
Egypt is the only country surveyed where a plurality of people say they now have a more negative image of the U.S. because of Obama’s re-election. Nevertheless, U.S. favorability has remained stable in Egypt over the past few years: between 15% and 20% each year since 2010 say they have a positive opinion of the U.S.
As with confidence in the U.S. president, reactions to Obama’s re-election are very different than reactions to Bush’s re-election. In most countries surveyed in both 2005 and 2013, people were much more likely to say that Bush’s re-election led them to have a less favorable opinion of the U.S. than to say the same about Obama’s re-election.
For example, at least half of the publics in Germany, Canada, France, Britain, Turkey, Spain, Lebanon and Indonesia said Bush’s re-election tarnished their image of the U.S. By comparison, roughly a third or fewer in each country say the same about Obama’s re-election. Russians and Pakistanis were also significantly more likely to say their opinion of the U.S. soured after Bush’s re-election than to say the same about Obama.
|
狗仔卡
发表于 2014-3-19 20:50
提升卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
发表于 2014-3-19 21:06
我对巴拉克·奥巴马没甚看法。
发表于 2014-3-20 18:08
答案是某油！
