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【中文标题】Hagel 辩解交换战俘的谈判是符合法律的
【原文标题】Hagel defends prisoner exchange as lawful
【登载媒体】The Washington Post
【原文作者】KAREN DEYOUNG
【原文链接】http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/hagel-defends-prisoner-exchange-as-lawful/2014/06/11/4fa8490a-f174-11e3-914c-1fbd0614e2d4_story.html
【正文】
Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel on Wednesday forcefully defended President Obama’s decision to secure the release of Army Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl in exchange for five Taliban detainees at Guantanamo Bay, telling lawmakers that officials acted within the law and “in the best interests of our country.”
星期三，（美国）国防部长Chuck Hagel 坚定地为奥巴以五位关塔那摩囚犯换回中士Bowe Bergdahl的决定辩解。他告诉国会议员们白宫官员的行为尊重法律并且“服务于我们国家的最高利益”。
“We made the right decision, and we did it for the right reasons,” Hagel said in an opening statement before a House Armed Services Committee hearing on the exchange.
“我们做了正确的决定，并且我们有正确的理由。”在众议院军事委员交换战俘的听证会之前，Hagel在一份公开声明中说。
In repeated exchanges with Republicans who charged the administration had broken the law by failing to inform them before the exchange, both Hagel and Pentagon legal counsel Stephen Preston repeated that the circumstances dictated their actions and that they sought and received legal counsel that they acted legally under the president’s constitutional powers to protect American citizens and service members.
共和党指控白宫在交换战俘之前并未通知（国会），因此交换战俘是违法行为。在与共和党的多次交锋当中，Hagel和国防部的法律顾问Stephen Preston 多次重申，是环境迫使他们有了这样的行为，并且他们曾经寻求和接受法律顾建议，他们的行为是在宪法赋予总统保护美国公民和政府雇员的权力之内的。
Rep. Jeff Miller (R-Fla.) asked why Bergdahl had not yet been transferred back to the United States but remained at a U.S. medical facility in Germany and suggested that the administration was holding him there for other reasons. “Are you trying to tell me he’s being held [in Germany] for medical reasons?” Miller asked.
Rep. Jeff Miller (R-Fla.)质问为什么Bergdahl到现在都没有回到美国，而是留在了美国在德国的医疗中心。他暗示这是因为白宫有其它原因。“难道你试图告诉我他（Bergdahl）还留在德国是为了接受医疗治疗吗？”Miller 质问道。
Hagel, raising his voice and talking over Miller’s efforts to interrupt him, said, “I don’t know how much medical training you’ve had, congressman. I haven’t had much.” Saying that Bergdahl remained in Germany because of the decisions of his doctors, Hagel said, “I hope you’re not implying anything other than that. I don’t like the implication.”
Hagel 提高了嗓门儿打断了Miller以试图改变Miller的看法，Hagel说，“我不知道你接受过多少医疗训练，国会议员。我本人倒是没有过很多。”Hagel说Bergdahl 现在还留在德国是他的医生的决定，Hagel说，“我希望你没有暗示其它什么，我不喜欢拐弯抹角。”
In his remarks, the administration’s first public testimony on the issue of the prisoner swap, Hagel provided additional details on negotiations with the Taliban.
Hagel在白宫的第一份关于交换战俘的证词中，另外提供了详尽的与塔利班谈判的细节。
After three days of “intensive talks” with Qatar acting as intermediary, Hagel said, the final decision to move forward on the exchange was made only 96 hours before Bergdahl’s release.
在与卡塔尔（谈判中间人）进行了三天“密集的对话”后，最终关于交换战犯的决定是在Bergdahl被释放前96个小时的时候做出了，Hagel说。
“We did not know the general area of the hand-off until 24 hours before,” Hagel said. “We did not know the precise location until one hour before. And we did not know until the moment that Sgt. Bergdahl was handed over safely . . . that the Taliban would hold up their end of the deal.”
“在交换前24个小时，我们不知道交换的大概地点。”Hagel说，“在交换的前1个小时，我们都不知道交换的确切地点。我们甚至不知道塔利班是不是会遵守承诺，直到看到Bergdahl中士被安全地送回来。 ”
Hagel said that “we were told by the Qataris that a leak, any kind of leak, would end the negotiations for Bergdahl’s release” and that U.S. Special Forces operators would be in danger of attack. The five detainees were not released into the hands of Qatari officials at Guantanamo until confirmation that Bergdahl was in U.S. hands, Hagel said.
Hagel 说：“卡塔尔告诉我们如果消息走漏，哪怕是走漏一丝，关于释放Bergdahl的谈判讲终止。”此外，美国特别武装部队人员将会陷入被袭击的危险。五名关押在关塔那摩的囚犯直到Bergdahl 被送回美方才移交给卡塔尔，Hagel说。
In a statement opening the hearing, Committee Chairman Howard P. “Buck” McKeon (R-Calif.) said Obama “has broken the law” by not notifying Congress in advance of the exchange and put U.S. troops at greater risk in the future by negotiating with Bergdahl’s captors.
在质询开始的声明中，委员会主席Howard P.支持了 McKeon (R-Calif.) 的观点，奥巴马没有在交换战俘前通知国会，这种行为已经违反了法律。此外，与塔利班进行谈判会将美国军队置于危险。
Hagel disagreed. In deciding not to inform Congress, under a law requiring 30 days notification of all transfers from Guantanamo, he said, the administration received Justice Department assurance that the action was legal.
Hagel不同意这种观点。由于法律规定任何有关关塔那摩犯人的变动都要在30天内通知国会，在决定不通知国会的时候，白宫获得了司法部门关于这种行为合法的保证。
“The president and I would not have moved forward unless we had complete confidence that we were acting lawfully, in the national interest and in the best traditions of our military,” Hagel said. “Our operation to save Sgt. Bergdahl’s life was fully consistent with U.S. laws in at least five ways.”
“总统和我在确定我们的行为符合法律、符合国家利益、符合军队惯例之前都没有做出任何决定。”Hagel说，“我们解救Bergdahl中士的行动至少在五个方面是与美国法律相一致的。”
First, he said, risk associated with the transfer of the Taliban detainees was “substantially mitigated,” as required by U.S. law, under conditions agreed to by Qatar, including “travel restrictions, monitoring, information sharing and limitation on activities,” as well as other measures Hagel said he would detail in a classified hearing following the open session.
第一，Hagel说，在卡塔尔给出的限制条件下，移交塔利班囚犯的风险在最大限度内被降低了，这是美国法律的要求，其中包括，“旅行限制，监控，信息共享和活动的限制”，还包括其他手段，Hagel说他将在听证会后的公开会议中给予详细的解释。
“Second, we fulfilled our commitment to recover all military personnel held captive,” Hagel said. The exchange also followed “the precedent of past wartime prisoner exchanges.”
第二，我们履行了解救所有被扣押的美国军队人员的承诺，Hagel说。这次战俘的交换将“开启交换扣押战俘的先例。”
Hagel drew a distinction between negotiating with hostage-takers and negotiation over a “detained combatant being held by an enemy force . . . fully consistent with our long-standing policy not to offer concessions to hostage takers. The Taliban is our enemy, and we are engaged in an armed conflict with them.”
Hagel对与劫持人质者的谈判和关押战士的敌方的谈判进行了区分，这与我们不与人质劫持者进行谈判的长期政策相一致。塔利班是我们的敌人，我们与塔利班正在进行一场武装冲突。
Finally, Hagel said that the exchange was consistent with briefings Congress was given in late 2011 and early 2012 during early negotiations over Bergdahl’s release.
最后，Hagel说，这次的战犯交换与2011年底和2012年初国会与塔利班就Bergdahl的释放进行的谈判是相一致的。
“Under these exceptional circumstances — a fleeting opportunity to protect the life of an American service member held captive and in danger — the national security team and the president agreed that we needed to act swiftly.”
“在这些特殊的情况下，解救一个被扣押并处于危险中的美国战士的机会稍纵即逝，国家安全工作组和总统都同意我们必须立即行动。”
Recalling his own service as a senator from Nebraska serving on the Intelligence and Foreign Relations committees, Hagel said he understood lawmakers’ unease.
Hagel回忆起他在内布拉斯加州担任议员并且在情报和对外关系委员会工作时候的经历，说道，他能理解国会议员的不安。
“I know that trust has been broken. I know you have questions. . . . I’ll tell you something else, I have always been straightforward, completely transparent with this committee. I will continue to do that. . . . That’s what I always demanded of any administration when I was a member of the U.S. Senate. I’ve been on your side.”
“我理解信任已经被损害了。我理解你们有很多问题 ... 让我告诉你们些别的事情，我从来都是个直来直去的人，对委员会人员从来知无不言，我会继续这样做 ... 这是为什么当我是美国国会议员的时候我总是质问白宫。我与你们是同一阵营的人”
“The circumstances were imperfect,” Hagel said. “But you have to make a choice, you have to make a decision.”
“环境是不完美的，”Hagel说，“但是我们必须做出选择，我们必须做出决定。”
补充内容 (2014-6-13 22:02):
【更正】The exchange also followed “the precedent of past wartime prisoner exchanges."这次交换战俘遵照了过去交换战俘的先例。
补充内容 (2014-6-13 22:12):
【更正】”Hagel, raising his voice and talking over Miller’s efforts to interrupt him,“黑格提高了嗓门儿，不顾MILLER试图插话继续说道， |
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