【CNN 20150302】改变世界的七位女性

满仓

【中文标题】改变世界的七位女性
【原文标题】7 women who changed the world
【登载媒体】CNN
【原文作者】Sheena McKenzie
【原文链接】http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/02/world/7-women-who-changed-the-world/index.html


让我们看看这个时代中最优秀的女性，她们在商业、艺术、体育、文化和科学领域站在了世界之巅。

这些女人为全世界所留下的遗产永远改变了人类的思维。她们创作的书籍改变了人们对社会的观点；她们的科学发现带来了我们所熟知的药物；她们倡导的法律撼动了整个体制。

为了庆祝3月8日世界妇女节，“领先女性”带领大家看看历史中众多女性中的七位，她们永远改变了世界。


哈丽叶特•比切•斯托，作家、反奴运动参与者


哈丽叶特•比切•斯托最为人所知的作品是小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》，在反奴运动期间流行甚广。

这位美国作家最畅销的作品是1852年的小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》，它普及了反对奴隶制的运动。据说亚伯拉罕•林肯在白宫对比切•斯托说：“你就是那个用一本书挑起这场战争的小女人。”他指的是南北战争。

她的小说讲述是是黑人奴隶汤姆叔叔的故事，是十九世纪继圣经之后第二畅销的书籍。


埃米琳•潘克赫斯特，妇女选举权倡导者


英国女性选举权活动家埃米琳•潘克赫斯特（中）和她的女儿克里斯特贝尔•潘克赫斯特（左三），1908年被释放后得到支持者的拥护。

英国女性选举权活动家埃米琳•潘克赫斯特创建了妇女社会和政治联盟，这个组织经常采取极端方式进行抗议，包括把自己绑在铁轨上和绝食。

1908年，她在法庭上说：“我们站在这里，并不是因为我们违反了法律，而是因为我们在努力制定法律。”

可惜的是，潘克赫斯特最终未能见到她的梦想成真。她去世三个星期之后，议会通过了一条法律，赋予女性与男人相等的选举权。


安妮•弗兰克，大屠杀日记撰写者


安妮•弗兰克的一副照片，摆在中欧第一座位于布达佩斯的大屠杀纪念馆前的纪念碑旁。

“历史不可改变，但我们可以防止它再次发生。”——安妮•弗兰克的《小女孩日记》。

13岁的犹太女孩安妮•弗兰克，在二战期间藏身于阿姆斯特丹，他的机智和智慧凝聚成的这本日记，是全世界最畅销的书之一，共售出了3000万册。

她所讲述的德国占领下人民的生活，是对历史真实的记录，曾经被翻译成67种语言，被改编成电影和戏剧。她的家乡也被改造成一个博物馆。

弗兰克于1945年死于贝尔森贝尔根集中营，仅仅几个星期之后，那里就被解放。


西蒙娜•德•波伏娃，哲学家、《第二性》作者


西蒙娜•德•波伏娃最畅销的作品《第二性》通常被视为女权主义哲学的核心著作。

法国存在主义哲学家西蒙娜•德•波伏娃1949年的作品《第二性》是女权主义标志性的文学作品。

书中分析了历史上对待女性的方式和态度，其内容颇具争议，梵蒂冈将其列为禁书。

波伏娃说：“压迫带来战争，无一例外。”她和让•保罗•萨特是二十世纪最具影响力的思想家之一。


罗莎琳德•富兰克林，DNA科学家


罗莎琳德•富兰克林在伦敦的实验室中工作。她对于人类了解DNA结构所做出的贡献已经被充分认可，但是在当时，她的工作没有得到足够的关注。

英国化学家和晶体学家罗莎琳德•富兰克林的研究，对于揭示DNA的结构有主要的意义。

她的双螺旋结构X光照片被弗朗西斯•克里克、詹姆斯•沃森和莫里斯•威尔金斯所使用，他们在1962年因为构建DNA模型而被授予诺贝尔生理学和医学奖。

富兰克林自己未能获得诺贝尔奖，1958年，年仅37岁死于卵巢癌。


比利•简•金，网球界的传奇，获得39次大满贯


美国网球界传奇比利•简•金在1967年温布尔登冠军赛中。

美国人比利•简•金是温布尔登见证过的最伟大球员之一，她获得了20个冠军奖杯。

但是她最为人称道的是在1973年与鲍比•里格斯的“性别大战”。

29岁的金戴着眼镜在全世界5000万名电视转播观众面前击败了55岁的里格斯。她后来成立了女子网球联合会，致力于为女性运动员争取公平的比赛奖金。


旺加里•马塔伊，绿带运动发起者


政治活动者旺加里•马塔伊博士在70年代发起了绿带运动。

2004年诺贝尔和平奖获得者、环境保护者旺加里•马塔伊说：“当我们种下一棵树，我们就播种了和平与希望。”

这位肯尼亚政治活动人士在1977年发起了绿带运动，让农村女性汇报当地的环境问题，包括干涸的河流、不安全的食物、去更远的地方收集柴禾。

这个运动逐渐遍及全球，其主旨是关注环境变化，并且与联合国环境项目展开合作。





原文：

Leading Women connects you to extraordinary women of our time, remarkable professionals who have made it to the top in all areas of business, the arts, sport, culture, science and more.

(CNN)All of these women left a mark on the world that would change people's thinking for decades -- in some cases centuries -- to come.

They wrote books that revolutionized people's view of society; made scientific discoveries that transformed medicine as we know it; and brought about laws that shook up the establishment.

In celebration of International Women's Day on March 8, Leading Women takes a look at just seven of the many females throughout history who changed the world for the betterment of all.

Harriet Beecher Stowe, author and anti-slavery campaigner
Harriet Beecher Stowe's best-selling novel "Uncle Tom's Cabin" popularized the anti-slavery campaign.

The American author's best-selling 1852 novel "Uncle Tom's Cabin" helped popularize the anti-slavery movement.

Legend has it Abraham Lincoln greeted Beecher Stowe at the White House by saying: "So you're the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war," in reference to the civil war.

Her novel followed the life of black slave Uncle Tom, and was the second best-selling book of the 19th century after the Bible.

Emmeline Pankhurst, led women's right to vote movement

English suffragettes Emmeline Pankhurst (center) and her daughter Christabel Harriette (third from left) are cheered by supporters after their release from prison in 1908.

British suffragette Emmeline Pankhurst founded the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), a group known for extreme forms of protest such as chaining themselves to railings and going on hunger strikes.

"We are here, not because we are law-breakers; we are here in our efforts to become law-makers," she said during a court trail in 1908.

Sadly Pankhurst never lived to see her dream become reality, dying three weeks before a law was passed giving women equal voting rights with men.

Anne Frank, writer of Holocaust diary

A portrait of Anne Frank stands in front of the memorial of Central Europe's first Holocaust museum in Budapest.

"What is done cannot be undone, but one can prevent it happening again" -- Anne Frank's "Diary of a Young Girl."

The wisdom and wit of 13-year-old Jewish schoolgirl Anne Frank, written while hiding in Amsterdam during the Second World War, is one of the most widely-read books in the world with over 30 million copies sold.

Her story of life under German occupation is a powerful record that has been translated into 67 languages and adapted for both film and theater, with her home itself turned into a museum.

Frank died in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in 1945, just weeks before it was liberated.

Simone de Beauvoir, philosopher and writer of "The Second Sex"

Simone de Beauvoir's best-selling book "The Second Sex" is often seen as a pivotal text in feminist philosophy.

French existentialist philosopher Simone de Beauvoir's 1949 book "The Second Sex" became a landmark feminist work.

It analyzed the treatment and perception of women throughout history, and was deemed so controversial that the Vatican put in on the Index of Prohibited books.

"All oppression creates a state of war; this is no exception," said De Beauvoir, who along with partner Jean Paul Sartre was one of the most influential thinkers of the 20th century.

Rosalind Franklin, scientist helped understanding of DNA

Rosalind Franklin at work in a London laboratory. Her contribution to the understanding of the DNA structure has now been acknowledged, but at the time did not receive full recognition.

British chemist and x-ray crystallographer Rosalind Franklin's research was key in revealing the structure of DNA.

Her x-ray photographs of the double helix were used by scientists Francis Crick, James Watson, and Maurice Wilkins, who in 1962 were jointly awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on the DNA model.

However Franklin missed out on a Nobel Prize herself, dying from ovarian cancer in 1958 at 37.

Billie Jean King, tennis legend won 39 Grand Slam titles

American tennis legend Billie Jean King during the 1967 Wimbledon championships.

American Billie Jean King was one of the greatest competitors Wimbledon had ever seen, taking home a whopping 20 titles.

But she is perhaps best known for a one-off match dubbed "The Battle of Sexes" against Bobby Riggs in 1973.

The bespectacled 29-year-old King beat 55-year-old Riggs in front of a worldwide television audience of 50 million. She later went on to form the Women's Tennis Association and has campaigned for equal prize money for female players.

Wangari Maathai, founded the Green Belt Movement

Political activist Dr. Wangari Maathai founded the Green Belt Movement in the 1970s.

"When we plant trees, we plant the seeds of peace and hope," said 2004 Nobel Peace Prize winning environmentalist Wangari Maathai.

The Kenyan political activist founded the Green Belt Movement in 1977 in an effort to empower rural women who had started reporting their streams were drying up, their food supply was less secure, and they had to walk further than ever before for firewood.

The movement has since spread across the world, campaigning on climate change and teaming up with the United Nations Environment Programme.

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都是女中豪杰

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哦