漢族傳統民族服裝---漢服

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【名称由来】 [编辑本段]


　　从三皇五帝到明朝这一段时期汉民族所穿的服装，被称为汉服。汉服是汉民族传承千年的传统民族服装，是最能体现汉族特色的服装，每个民族都有属于特色的民族服装，汉服体现了汉族的民族特色。从三皇五帝到明代的几千年时间里，汉民族凭借自己的智慧，创造了绚丽多彩的汉服文化，发展形成了具有汉民族自己独特特色的服装体系——汉服体系。博大精深、体系完备、悠久美丽的汉服，是中国不可多得的一大财富，是非常值得每一个炎黄子孙引以为自豪的。 客观上的汉族人某些历史阶段的民族服装例如汉化旗装/旗袍/马褂等绝对不可以被称作“汉服”，因为它们与真正的汉服没有正常的演变衔接过程。


【基本特点】 [编辑本段]


　　汉服的主要特点是交领、右衽，不用扣子，而用绳带系结，给人洒脱飘逸的印象。这些特点都明显有别于其他民族的服饰。汉服有礼服和常服之分。从形制上看，主要有“上衣下裳”制（裳在古代指下裙）、“深衣”制（把上衣下裳缝连起来）、“襦裙”制（襦，即短衣）等类型。其中，上衣下裳的冕服为帝王百官最隆重正式的礼服；袍服（深衣）为百官及士人常服，襦裙则为妇女喜爱的穿着。普通劳动人民一般上身着短衣，下穿长裤。配饰头饰是汉族服饰的重要部分之一。古代汉族男女成年之后都把头发绾成发髻盘在头上，以笄固定。男子常常戴冠、巾、帽等，形制多样。女子发髻也可梳成各种式样，并在发髻上佩带珠花、步摇等各种饰物。鬓发两侧饰博鬓，也有戴帷帽、盖头的。

　　男装的式样：

　　“黄帝垂衣裳而天下治”传下来的大襟右衽交领宽袍大袖博衣大带那种（秦汉服饰为代表），延续了夏、商、周（春秋战国）、秦、汉、三国两晋、南北朝、隋、唐、五代、宋、蒙元、明，并影响了日本，朝鲜等国。日本和服最常见的式样便是如此。

　　自隋唐开始盛行的圆领衫（唐太宗李世民所穿）延续了唐、五代、宋、蒙元、明，并影响了日本，朝鲜等国。宋太祖，明太祖所穿均是这个类型服饰。至今日本天皇出席某些场合穿的服饰就是这种汉服的变种。

　　女装式样相对稍多些，但基本式样大体也只有两种：

　　大襟右衽交领这种（同样以秦汉服饰为代表）。

　　隋唐兴起的大襟低胸这种，同秦汉深衣不同的是服饰分为上衣下裳，不再像深衣那样衣裳连在一起。这两种女服式样对宋明时期以及日本朝鲜的民族服饰（女服）影响非常大。隋唐时期汉族妇女也穿过窄袖紧身翻领的胡服，但那些胡服基本是作为流行服饰来穿的（或者说是出于猎奇心理），并不是汉族传统民族服饰。宋明时期汉族妇女也穿过一些别的式样，但影响并不广。

　　大家看到了秦汉唐宋明服饰某些地方有些不同，但主体部分相同。西汉的深衣和明朝的汉服基本式样是相同的，只是在细枝末节上不同。共性是大襟右衽交领宽袍大袖博衣裹带。其实象大襟右衽交领宽袍大袖博衣裹带那种汉服在唐朝时期汉人依然在穿，不过在以长安为中心的北方以圆领为主，而在吴越地区则两者兼顾，宋明类似。日本和服就是在飞鸟奈良时期（中国唐朝时期）引进汉人服饰发展成为今天的日本和服。

　　汉族服饰的风格是怎样的呢？如果我们把汉族同欧洲民族相比的话，我们会发觉二者在许多方面都呈现明显的不同。汉族服饰几千年来的总体风格是以清淡平易为主。汉族古代的袍服最能体现这一风格，这种袍服的主要特点是宽袍大袖，褒衣博带，形制虽然简单，但一穿到人身上便各人各一样，神采殊异，可塑性很强。我们现在虽然不能见到这种服装的千姿百态的原型，但我们还是可以从汉代的帛画和魏晋隋唐遗留下的一些人物画中窥其神貌之一二——形制简单的汉装大衣附着在不同体态的人物身上顿时具有了一种鲜活的生命力，线条柔美流畅，令人浮想联翩。朴素平易的装束反而给他们增添了一种天然的风韵。袍服充分体现了汉民族柔静安逸和娴雅超脱、泰然自若的民族性格，以及平淡自然、含蓄委婉、典雅清新的审美情趣。

　　（1）历史性

　　剃发易服的暴力强制已经消失，汉服趋向于复兴。
　　（2）传承性

　　传承性即汉服历史具有传承性。在这漫长的时间中，汉服历史的发展一直遵循着代代相传，世世相袭的特点，这体现了汉服历史发展的传承性。

　　（3）多样性与同一性

　　多样性与同一性是指汉服款式的多样性与汉服型制（或样式）的同一性。作为一个拥有千年历史的事物，汉服从来就不是一种款式，“上衣下裳”，“深衣”，“襦裙”等丰富多彩的款式体现了作为一种悠久的民族服饰应有的多样性。虽然汉服历来款式丰富，但汉服的基本形制（或样式）“交领右衽，不用扣子，而用绳带系结”的特点却是千古未便的，这就是汉服的同一性。同一性与多样性的统一是汉服的一大特色。

　　（4）完备性

　　完备性是指汉服自身内部体系的完备性。经过千年的发展，汉服已经是一种成熟的服饰了，它不但内部种类丰富，工艺考究，而且汉服的配饰也非常繁多而丰富。

　　（5）相融性

　　相融性是指汉服与传统文化的相融性，汉服在很大程度上就已经被视为正宗传统文化的象征了，而且汉服本身就处处体现着传统文化，汉服与传统文化是和谐的一家。
【历史发展】 [编辑本段]
　　汉服即汉族服饰的简称：主要是指清代以前，在文化发展和民族交融过程中形成的汉族服饰。

　　汉服作为一种独立服饰体系，在历史的传承与发展中，形成了独特的文化背景和民族风貌，即已形成了鲜明的风格特色，并且明显区别于我国其它民族，及世界任何一个民族的传统服装，更与现代服饰在制式风格上有着质的不同。

　　汉族服饰博大精深。因为其历史悠久，应用地域广泛，并在不断的创新与融合中发展演变，使得对中国服饰研究较少的人难以把握，而作为一个大的服饰体系，不能仅以表象和简单的制式来界定汉服，而应以其主导风格为界定标准。

　　所以汉服的界定标准可以用以下文字进行表述：“上溯炎黄，下至宋明，以汉族(先秦时则为华夏族)人民所穿着的服饰为基础，并在此基础上发展演变而成的一种明显具有独特风格的一系列服饰的集合。”

　　如此界定汉服—汉民族的传统服饰，主要基于以下三点性质的考虑：

　　第一：汉服的民族性，即汉服是汉民族的服饰。而中国古代胡人所穿的服装不能称为汉服。民族是个整体的概念，所以一个汉族人所穿的胡人的服装，也不能称其为汉族的传统服饰。

　　第二：汉服发展的传统性，而传统又必须分为两方面，即传承性与统一性。汉服的传承性表现在：汉服的源流可以追溯到中国上古黄帝时期，并一直保留风格传承而不断的发展演化。汉服的统一性表现在从黄帝时期到宋明，在中国广袤的土地上，在历时近五千年的时间跨度，和数百万平方公里的空间广度上，所有汉族人的服饰在其主流中拥有的共同特点。即以右衽、大袖、深衣为典型代表。

　　第三：汉服发展的自然性，即非外力强制下，汉人自觉自愿的情况下，通常不易被人们明显觉察到的自然的发展，这也是一般事物或文化发展的常规规律。而汉服发展的自然性，更是一个民族传统服装的传承性的基础，即某一事物或文化，在其自身正常的发展轨迹之下的正当发展演变的方向。其方向，可以通过一般的规律，向前追溯其源头，也可以向后预测其发展方向。

　　以此界定下，中国古代，除了清装外，只要是明末以前的汉人所穿的服装，不论样式、地域、融合、分化、发展，都可称为汉服，而现代古戏装，除清戏装以外，虽然与古代有所区别，但也是依照传统风格合理改制而来，所以也可以称为汉服。而汉服，用肉眼是很容易将其与其它民族的传统服装(包括满装、洋装、现代装)区分开的，现在这种汉服，又多被称为“古装(除清装外)”。

　　清朝的服饰，向前追溯，来源于满族的服饰，向后观察，也非汉服传统。所以虽然是汉人所穿，但不符合汉族传统服饰的“传统性”要素，所以不能划入汉服范畴；而今天汉人所穿的服装，其源流主要是来自西方，“唐装”马褂、旗袍等主要(要分清主次)源流来自满族的传统服装，所以不能称为：汉族的“传统服装”。即要分清，一个汉族人所穿的服装和汉民族整体的传统服装之间的区别。

　　汉服是世界上历史最悠久的民族服饰之一。

　　在未有考古实物支持的年代之前，汉服最早的出现应该是殷商时期。

　　约五千年前，中国在新石器时代的仰韶文化时期，就产生了原始的农业和纺织业，开始用织成的麻布来做衣服，后又发明了饲蚕和丝纺，人们的衣冠服饰日臻完备。殷商以后，冠服制度初步建立，西周时，服饰制度逐渐形成。周代后期，由于政治、经济、思想文化都发生了急剧的变化，特别是百家学说对服饰的完善有着一定的影响，诸侯国间的衣冠服饰及风俗习惯上都开始有着明显的不同。并创造深衣。冠服制被纳入了“礼治”的范围，成了礼仪的表现形式，从此中国的衣冠服制更加详备。

　　1644年清军入关后，以满族为核心建立了半殖民，半奴隶制国家。为打击、奴化广大汉族人民，尤其是上层人士（士人）的民族精神，以保持满族的统治地位。满清统治者下令全国剃发易服，引起全国性的愤怒、不满及武装抵抗，随后在满清统治者进行的武力血腥镇压与屠杀下，汉服逐渐消亡。

　　非实物时期

　　在有现有考古实物支持的年代之前，一些古籍的观点认为，汉族（及其先民）已有独特的服装体系了。

　　例如，《史记》认为“华夏衣裳为黄帝所制”。「黄帝之前，未有衣裳屋宇。及黄帝造屋宇，制衣服，营殡葬，万民故免存亡之难。」（《史记》卷一五帝本纪第一）

　　有人认为（注：无充分的考古资料支援）：约五千年前，中国在新石器时代的仰绍文化时期，就产生了原始的农业和纺织业，开始用织成的麻布来做衣服，后又发明了饲蚕和丝纺，人们的衣冠服饰日臻完备。黄帝时代冕冠出现，服饰制度逐渐形成。夏商以后，冠服制度初步建立，西周时，逐渐完备。周代后期，由于政治、经济、思想文化都发生了急剧的变化，特别是百家学说对服饰的完善有着一定的影响，诸侯国间的衣冠服饰及风俗习惯上都开始有着明显的不同。并创造深衣。冠服制被纳入了“礼治”的范围，成了礼仪的表现形式，从此中国的衣冠服制更加详备。

　　实物时期

　　汉族的这一服饰制度自周代至明代，三千年来汉人服装的基本特徵是没有大的该变。一直三百多年的清初，这一服饰制度才崩溃。1644年明朝灭亡后，清在与南明的战争中，清朝统治者为了达到削弱汉人的民族认同感，以达到统一中国的目的，而大力推行满族发型和满族服装，禁止人民穿戴汉族服饰，史称“剃发易服”（“剃发”也作“剃发”）。这使得汉服逐渐消亡。当时孔子的后裔衍圣公孔闻謤上书多尔衮，请求保存孔府家服饰，说：“先圣为典礼之宗……定礼之大要莫于冠服……惟臣家衣冠，三千年来未曾变易……”，遭到多尔衮拒绝。今天的旗袍、长衫、马褂都是以满族为主体的民族服饰的改良和发展而来。

　　辛亥革命推翻满洲贵族的统治之后，人们的思想趋于西化，改穿西式服装，没有恢复汉服。但在21世纪初，随着中国国力的发展，人们开始审视自己传统文化中的优秀部分。一些人又重新宣导恢复传统汉服并身着汉服进行推广。

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【汉服劫难】
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　　满清入关之后，正式颁布剃发令的时间为顺治二年农历六月十五日，换算为公历则为公历1645年7月8日，也就是1645年的7月8日，满清撕下了不强迫剃发的假面具，彻底强硬的执行起剃发令来，至此展开了江阴等其他各地人民反剃发的斗争，至惨至烈，难以笔尽。死亡人数无法统计。

　　满清使汉族人的服装面貌产生了一个重大的变化，将延续了三千年的汉民族冠冕衣裳送进了坟墓。顺治二年，清军攻下江南各省，清政府从此下令在全国推行剃头改服的制度。清政府命令，从公文所到之日起，在10天内要将全体男子统统剃去头发，改梳发辫，如果有“仍存明制，不随本朝之制度者杀无赦。”与此配合的是强行更改汉人衣裳式样。当时由于穿汉人衣裳而被捕杀的人不计其数。

　　汉族对清政府的命令极力抵制，反抗活动此起彼伏。长期的抵制斗争使清政府也考虑做些让步，以稳定局势。于是提出所谓“十从十不从”，即：服装上男从女不从，生从死不从，阳从阴不从，官从隶不从，老从少不从，儒从而僧道不从，倡从而优伶不从；以及：仕宦从而婚姻不从，国号从而官号不从，役税从而语言文字不从。这点有限的让步，终于保留了一些汉族衣装中的特点。

　　满清建立后为什么要强迫汉人剃发垂辫易服？按常理，穿什么服饰，留什么发型和统治并无多大关系，但满洲人入关并建立清后赋予了它们新的内涵。汉人不能接受异族统治是因汉人鄙视野蛮，接受野蛮的统治对汉人来讲是种侮辱。汉族有几千年的文明史，有灿烂的文化，相比异族，汉人有一种强烈的文化优越感，相比之下，满洲人文化实在肤浅，实在自愧不如。这种民族自卑感一方面促使满洲贵族拼命学习汉文化，另一方面又使满洲贵族深恐汉人看不起他们，因此要想统治汉人最好的办法就是使汉人习异族风俗，以人格侮辱的方式使汉族精神萎缩，使汉人丧失自尊、自信，打掉汉人骨子里的民族优越感。

　　清建立后全国因服饰，发式而被杀的汉人不下几百万，当时在中国的一位西方传教士看到这些情景写到：“全世界像汉族这样因服饰，发式而遭屠杀的民族绝无仅有。”

　　怎样看待“胡服骑射”与“剃发易服”？

　　我们应当接受外族先进的东西——但是在保留我们的基本典章的前提下。所谓“中道”是也！——拒绝，那是故步自封；但失掉自己，那是背弃祖先！胡服，包括唐的胡服，都是在保留汉家传统衣冠的前提下，进行的。

　　胡式服装，只是作为方便劳作的职业服装，和某个特定时期特定区域的流行风尚。而作为国家典礼的祭祀、朝见、礼宾——则一律是使用标准的传统汉服。汉服一直是庄重、礼仪制度的代表；胡服，只是时尚、实用主义的流行。

　　胡服骑射——是我们主动学习外来文化的典型；

　　剃发易服——是我们的奇耻大辱，被奴役的标志。

　　凤凰涅磐，浴火重生。


【现实意义】
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一、汉服作为华夏民族礼服的意义：
民族服饰与一般的服饰不同，它不仅仅是一件御寒裹体的衣服，不仅仅是追求美丽的装饰，华夏服饰是华夏文化的重要载体之一。华夏服饰的复兴，是华夏文化复兴的一个重要内容。从国际上来看，作为各国文化象征而存在的民族服饰，已不单单是一件能够蔽体保暖的外套，更加承担了传播本国本民族优秀文化的重任。因此，国服的确立有利于我们对华夏文化的认同，有利于在国际上展示华夏文化的风采，当然有利于华夏文化的复兴。

二、汉服的基本特征与基本款式：
汉服具备独特的形式，其基本特征是交领、右衽、系带、宽袖，又以盘领、直领等为其有益补充；汉服的基本款式大约有九类，在基本款式下又因其领口、袖型、束腰、裁剪方式等的不同变化演绎出几百种款式。他与西服大不相同，与那些即使受到汉服影响而产生的韩服、和服等服饰也不同，足以体现华夏民族的特色；因为是一个体系，可以演绎出多种款式，所以，足以满足大家的个人爱好。这是其他服饰所无法比拟的。

三、汉服作为汉族代表性服饰的意义：
华夏民族由 56个民族共同构成，各民族之间应该是平等的、互相尊重的关系，华夏民族的服饰是由各民族的服饰共同构成的大体系。但是，毋庸质疑， 在56个民族之中，汉族的人数占绝大多数，据2005年全国人口普查结果的数字来看，汉族在大陆占92%，在台湾占98%，在香港占95%，在澳门占97%；即使是在世界上，汉族也是人口最多的民族，而且遍布世界各地。因此，在56民族中，汉族不能没有自己的代表性服饰。

四、民族代表性服饰与个人服饰的关系：
复兴汉服不是复古而是回归华夏服饰的正道，这是华夏民族的集体性选择问题，是汉族的集体性选择问题。所以，当一个人代表的是华夏民族的时候，应该身穿华夏礼服；代表56民族之一的某个民族的时候，应该身穿本民族的代表性服饰。但是，任何人在平时都可以自己选择所喜欢的服饰类型。

五、汉服不能称为“古装”。
当我们把华夏文化称为古代文化的时候，是因为我们心中已经宣告了华夏文化的终结，宣告他已经退出生活舞台；当我们把汉服称为古装的时候，是因为我们心中已经给汉服画了一个句号，甚至已经将汉服当成了僵尸。华夏民族因为有华夏文化和华夏服饰礼仪而独具个性风采，华夏民族是一个生生不息的民族，所以，汉服在华夏民族的过去、现在和未来之中是一条重要纽带。

六、汉服与唐装、旗袍、马褂应该是什么关系？
今天人们看到的“唐装”，并不是真正唐朝的服装，而是借唐朝的名义而结合清朝服饰而“创新”出来的仿古服饰。女性的旗袍、男性的长衫和马褂，都是满族的民族服饰及其延续，而非汉族的民族服饰，也不是华夏民族悠久历史上一直传承的服饰。旗袍、长衫、马褂作为满族的服饰，当然有其合理性，但是，就像满族同胞不会穿藏族、蒙古族或者其他民族的服饰一样，作为汉族也没有理由去穿满族的服饰。

七、深衣、汉服是否对我们今天的生活不适应？
深衣是我们民族的礼服，而不是工作服装，不能从实用的角度来看待。汉服有几百种款式，但是，有些人在赞叹汉服之美的同时，又在慨叹汉服不适合我们今天快节奏的生活条件，因此而对复兴汉服持怀疑或否定态度。其实，这里存在着三个认识误区：首先是把汉服与礼服等同起来了，似乎汉服就必须是宽袖长裙；其次是把汉服的样式简单化了，却不知汉服可以有多种样式；其三是低估了我们今天复兴汉服的变通与创造。我们的祖先的智商不比我们低，我们今天制作汉服也不是墨守成规。

八、汉服与韩服、和服是什么关系？
和服主要模仿汉服中的深衣，至今日本仍将和服称“吴服”，意思就是指从中国吴地传来的衣服。但经过漫长的历史时期，已经发展出自己的民族特色，比如：女式和服背后的大腰带比汉服更宽大；和服的线条都是直线形的，袖子也是方方直直的，汉服不仅袖子是圆形，整个线条，尤其是衣服的摆，还有袄，裳都是上窄下宽线条；总之确切地说，是和服起源于汉服，但后期的发展，已经明显不是汉服了。韩服与日本和服有所不同，它所模仿的是汉服中的襦裙，但也有变化，即朝鲜服装的裙子束得特别高，而且下摆十分宽大、蓬松。

九、汉服与天气炎热的问题。
2008北京奥运会期间正值8月，天气炎热，如果要推广“交领右衽，宽衣大袖”的汉服，如何适应气候？当时，如果能穿西服，就没有理由不能穿汉服；除非当时连西服也不穿。华夏民族数千年都可以穿汉服过夏天，我们当然也可以。短袖衫与汉服的理念不同：短袖衫以裸露避暑，汉服以宽大而遮蔽避暑，且走动起来汉服习习生风。汉服中衣以纯棉面料做成，吸汗；汉服可以选择面料透气性强的。宽大的深衣、汉服遮蔽日光直接照射，所以，比裸露着还应该更凉爽，且不伤害皮肤；衣服并非那么紧得贴在身上，中衣与汉服外衣之间空隙较大，就像暖壶胆中的中空一样起降温作用。以阿拉伯长袍为例，盛夏，沙特阿拉伯浩瀚的沙漠地带温度高达40至50摄氏度，可当地居民穿着宽大的阿拉伯长袍在热浪灼人的沙漠上行走却显得气定神闲，若无其事。沙特阿拉伯的服装设计研究专家认为，阿拉伯长袍的设计对创造长袍内舒适的微小气候起着很好的调节作用。

　

centerland

zhujc58

哇噻,,这样的衣服,,好穿么??

         洗的怎么样.

末末的快乐

节日的时候穿，很有味道哦。可以增加节日氛围

centerland

少民可以穿自己民族服裝﹐為什么漢人不可以穿自己的民族服裝?

94tony

恩，很好看，一个人穿可能别人会侧目，当穿着的人越来越多的时候，或许就是汉服真正名副其实的时候

瑜伽美人

一个字:漂亮..
哪天拍照的时候穿身试试!!

centerland

Han Chinese clothing or Hanfu (traditional Chinese: 漢服; simplified Chinese: 汉服; pinyin: hànfú; Wade-Giles: hanfu), also known as Hanzhuang (漢裝), Huafu (華服), or guzhuang (古裝, meaning "ancient clothing"), and sometimes referred in English sources simply as Silk Robe[1] (especially those worn by the gentry) or Chinese Silk Robe refers to the historical dress of the Han Chinese people, which was worn for millennia before the conquest by the Manchus and the establishment of the Qing Dynasty in 1644. The term Hanfu derives from the Book of Han, which says, "then many came to the Court to pay homage and were delighted at the clothing style of the Han [Chinese]."[2]

Han Chinese clothing is presently worn only as a part of historical reenactment, hobby, coming of age/rite of passage ceremonies, ceremonial clothing worn by religious priests, or cultural exercise and can be frequently seen on Chinese television series, films and other forms of media entertainment. However, there is currently a movement in China and overseas Chinese communities to revive Han Chinese clothing in everyday life and incorporate in Chinese festivals or celebration.

Some costumes commonly thought of as typically Chinese, such as the qipao, are the result of influence by brutal laws (Queue Order) imposed by Manchurian rulers of the Qing Dynasty, and are regarded by some advocates as not being "traditionally" Han. Technically, the Qing dynasty and afterwards would be considered modern China, so the qipao would be modern clothing and not traditional. Today, most Han Chinese wear western-style clothing in everyday life. Some urbanites wear modified or modernized traditional clothes, while many in the countryside still use distinctive peasant dress.

Many East Asian and Southeast Asian national costumes, such as the Japanese kimono, the Korean hanbok and the Vietnamese áo tứ thân, all show influences from Hanfu, as historically these countries were part of the Sinosphere.

History

A Tang Dynasty portrait of Confucius showing him in Hanfu of the Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
12th century Chinese painting of The Night Revels of Han Xizai (韩熙载夜宴图) showing musicians dressed in HanfuHanfu has a history of more than three millennia, and is said to have been worn by the legendary Yellow Emperor. From the beginning of its history, Hanfu (especially in elite circles) was inseparable from silk, supposedly discovered by the Yellow Emperor’s consort, Leizu. The first solidly historical dynasty known of in China, the Shang Dynasty (c.1600 BC-1000 BC), developed the rudiments of Hanfu; it consisted of a yi, a narrow-cuffed, knee-length tunic tied with a sash, and a narrow, ankle-length skirt, called shang, worn with a bixi, a length of fabric that reached the knees. Vivid primary colors and green were used, due to the degree of technology at the time.

The dynasty to follow the Shang, the Western Zhou Dynasty, established a strict hierarchical society that used clothing as a status meridian, and inevitably, the height of one’s rank influenced the ornateness of a costume. Such markers included the length of a skirt, the wideness of a sleeve and the degree of ornamentation. In addition to these class-oriented developments, the Hanfu became looser, with the introduction of wide sleeves and jade decorations hung from the sash which served to keep the yi closed. The yi was essentially wrapped over, in a style known as jiaoling youren, or wrapping the right side over before the left, because of the initially greater challenge to the right-handed wearer (the Chinese discouraged left-handedness like many other historical cultures, considering it unnatural and unfortunate).

In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the "deep robe" (shenyi) appeared a combination of tunic and skirt. The upper and lower halves were cut separately but sewn as a single unit. An additional change was the shaping of the left side of the costume into a corner, fastened on the chest. Perhaps because of Confucian influence, disapproving of a hierarchical society in favour of social mobility based on personal merit, the shenyi was swiftly adopted. There still existed an elite however, and they monopolised the more ornate fabrics and grandiose details.


[edit] Garments
The style of Han Chinese clothing can be summarized as containing garment elements that are arranged in distinctive and sometime specific ways. This maybe different from the traditional garment of other ethnic groups in China, most notably the Manchurian influenced Chinese clothes, the qipao, which is popularily assumed to be the solely recognizeable style of "traditional" Chinese garb. A comparison of the two styles can be seen as follows:

Component Han Manchu
Upper Garment Consist of "yi" (衣), which have loose lapels and are open Consist of "pao" (袍), which have secured lapels around the neck and no side openings
Lower Garment Consist of skirts called "chang/shang" (裳) Consist of pants or trousers called "ku" (褲)
Collars Generally, diagonally crossing each other, with the left crossing over the right Parallel verticle collars with parallel diagonal lapels, which overlap
Sleeves Long and loose Narrow and tight
Buttons Sparingly used and concealed inside the garment Numerous and prominently displayed
Fittings Belts and sashes are used to close, secure, and fit the garments around the waist Flat ornate buttoning systems are typically used to secure the collar and fit the garment around the neck and upper torso

Shenyi (深衣) a type of Han Chinese clothing commonly worn from the pre-Shang periods to the Han Dynasty. This form is known as the quju (曲裾) and worn primarily by women.A complete Hanfu garment is assembled from several pieces of clothing into an attire:

Yi (衣): Any open cross-collar garment, and worn by both sexes
Pao (袍): Any closed full-body garment, worn only by men in Hanfu
Ru (襦): Open cross-collar shirt
Shan (衫): Open cross-collar shirt or jacket that is worn over the yi
Qun (裙) or shang (裳): Skirt for women and men, respectively
Ku (褲): Trousers or pants
People are also able to accessorize with tassels and jade pendants or various ornaments hung from the belt or sash, known as pei (珮).


[edit] Hats and headwear
On top of the garments, hats (for men) or hairpieces (for women) maybe worn. One can often tell the profession or social rank of someone by what they wear on their heads. The typical male hat or cap is called a jin (巾) for commoners and guan (冠) for the privileged. Officials and academics have a separate set of hats for them, typically the putou (幞頭), the wushamao (烏紗帽), the si-fang pingding jin (四方平定巾; or simply, fangjin: 方巾) and the Zhuangzi jin (莊子巾). A typical hairpiece for women is a ji (笄) but there are more elaborate hairpieces.

Traditionally, the Chinese wear their hats indoors as well as outdoors unlike their Western counterparts. This is mainly because most hats are too impractical to take off and carry around.


[edit] Style

Another type of Han Chinese Shenyi (深衣) commonly worn from the pre-Shang periods to the Han Dynasty. This form is known as the zhiju (直裾) and worn primarily by menHan-Chinese clothing had changed and evolved with the fashion of the days since its commonly assumed beginnings in the Shang dynasty. Many of the earlier designs are more gender-neutral and simple in cuttings. Later garments incorporate multiple pieces with men commonly wearing pants and women commonly wearing skirts. Clothing for women usually accentuates the body's natural curves through wrapping of upper garment lapels or binding with sashes at the waist.

Each dynasty has their own styles of Hanfu as they evolved and only few styles are 'fossilized'.


[edit] Informal wear
Types include tops (yi) and bottoms (divided further into pants and skirts for both genders, with different terminologies qun for females and shang for males), and one-piece robes that wrap around the body once or several times (shenyi).

Shenyi (深衣): a long full body garment
Quju (曲裾): diagonal body wrapping
Zhiju (直裾): straight lapels
Zhongyi (中衣) or zhongdan (中單): inner garments, mostly white cotton or silk
Shanqun (衫裙): a short coat with a long skirt
Ruqun (襦裙): a top garment with a separate lower garment or skirt
Kuzhe (褲褶): a short coat with trousers
Zhiduo/zhishen (直裰/直身): a Ming Dynasty style robe, similar to a zhiju shenyi but with vents at the side and 'stitched sleeves' (i.e. the sleeve cuff is closed save a small opening for the hand to go through)

Two traditional forms of ruqun (襦裙), a type of Han Chinese clothing worn by women. Cuffs and sleeves on the upper garment may be tighter or looser depending on style. A short skirt or a weighted braid (with weight provided by a jade or gold pendant) is sometimes worn to improve aesthetics or comfort of the basic ruqun.A typical set of Hanfu can consist of two or three layers. The first layer of clothing is mostly the zhongyi (中衣) which is typically the inner garment much like a Western T-shirt and pants. The next layer is the main layer of clothing which is mostly closed at the front. There can be an optional third layer which is often an overcoat called a zhaoshan which is open at the front. More complicated sets of Hanfu can have many more layers.

For footwear, white socks and black cloth shoes (with white soles) are the norm, but in the past, shoes may have a front face panel attached to the tip of the shoes. Daoists, Buddhists and Confucians may have white stripe chevrons.


[edit] Semi-formal wear
A piece of Hanfu can be "made semi-formal" by the addition of the following appropriate items:

Chang/shang: a pleated skirt
Bixi (蔽膝): long front cloth panel attached from the waist belt
Zhaoshan (罩衫): long open fronted coat
Guan or any formal hats
Generally, this form of wear is suitable for meeting guests or going to meetings and other special cultural days. This form of dress is often worn by the nobility or the upper-class as they are often expensive pieces of clothing, usually made of silks and damasks. The coat sleeves are often deeper than the shenyi to create a more volumious appearance.


Men and women in xuanduan formal wear at a Confucian ceremony in China.
[edit] Formal wear
In addition to informal and semi-formal wear, there is a form of dress that is worn only at certain special occasions (like important sacrifices or religious activities) or by special people who are entitled to wear them (such as officials and emperors).

Formal garments may include:

Xuanduan (玄端): a very formal dark robe; equivalent to the Western black tie or white tie
Daopao/Fusha (道袍/彿裟): Taoist/Buddhist priests' full dress ceremonial robes
Yuanlingshan (圓領衫), lanshan (襴衫) or panlingpao (盤領袍): closed, round collared robe; mostly used for official or academical dress
The most formal Hanfu that one can wear is the xuanduan (sometimes called yuanduan 元端 [3]), which consists of a black or dark blue top garment that runs to the knees with long sleeve (often with white piping), a bottom red chang, a red bixi (which can have a motif and/or be edged in black), an optional white belt with two white streamers hanging from the side or slightly to the front called peishou (佩綬) (like adding a white bow tie on a Western dinner suit to convert it to a full evening suit), and a long black guan. Additionally, wearers may carry a long jade gui (圭) or wooden hu (笏) tablet (used when greeting royalty). This form of dress is mostly used in sacrificial ceremonies such as Ji Tian (祭天) and Ji Zu (祭祖), etc but is also appropriate for State occasions.


Taoist priests celebrating a rite. Although rarely worn in everyday life, Hanfu remains an important part of the religions of China and its culture, such as Taoism (Daoism).Those in the religious orders wear a plain middle layer garment followed by a highly decorated cloak or coat. Taoists have a 'scarlet gown' (絳袍) [4] which is made of a large cloak sewn at the hem to create very long deep sleeves used in very formal rituals. They are often scarlet or crimson in color with wide edging and embroidered with intricate symbols and motifs such as the eight trigrams and the yin and yang Taiji symbol. Buddhist have a cloak with gold lines on a scarlet background creating a brickwork pattern which is wrapped around over the left shoulder and secured at the right side of the body with cords. There maybe further decorations, especially for high priests [5].

Those in academia or officialdom have distinctive gowns. This varies over the ages but they are typically round collared gowns closed at the front. The most distinct feature is the headwear which has 'wings' attached. Only those who passed the civil examinations are entitled to wear them, but a variation of it can be worn by ordinary scholars and laymen.


[edit] Court dress
Court dress is the dress worn at very formal occasions and ceremonies that are in the presence of a monarch. The entire ensemble of clothing can consist of many complex layers and look very elaborate. Court dress is similar to the xuanduan in components but have additional adornments and elaborate headwear. They are often brightly colored with vermillion and blue.

Court dress refers to:

Chaofu (朝服): ceremonial dress of officials or nobility
Mianfu (冕服): ceremonial/enthronement dress for emperors
The practical use of court dress is now obsolete in the modern age since there is no reigning monarch in China anymore.


[edit] Ethnic identity
According to Tang Dynasty scholar Kong Yingda's official commentary to Zuo Zhuan and Shang Shu, Chinese clothing plays an important role in the Chinese ethnic identity. It says, "In China, there is the grandeur of rites and social conduct; that is why it is called Xia (夏). There is the beauty of dress and decoration; this is called Hua (華) [6]." The words Hua and Xia combine to form the word Huaxia (華夏), which is a name that is often used to represent the Chinese civilization. [7] [8]

老清华

哪有的卖啊？

centerland

www.hanminzu.com有很多
各地大城市或者交易網站都有漢服店

无计

原帖由 末末的快乐 于 2008-7-8 13:37 发表
节日的时候穿，很有味道哦。可以增加节日氛围

同感

绽放

原帖由 centerland 于 2008-7-8 13:03 发表
【汉服劫难】
[编辑本段]
　　满清入关之后，正式颁布剃发令的时间为顺治二年农历六月十五日，换算为公历则为公历1645年7月8日，也就是1645年的7月8日，满清撕下了不强迫剃发的假面具，彻底强硬的执行起剃发令来，至此展开了江阴 ...

那个时候全世界都没扣子。

centerland

漢服

happykl

好漂漂,好漂漂,好漂漂,好漂漂........

cindy0703

呵呵，有个姐妹有，还和她家那位一起穿了照相，很漂亮哦。本来她还说送我一套，自己一个人不敢穿

centerland

呵呵，有个姐妹有，还和她家那位一起穿了照相，很漂亮哦。本来她还说送我一套，自己一个人不敢穿

當初我也是﹐但是想起是祖先的衣服
就穿出去了﹐現在很自然
穿著很飄揚﹐覺得自己才是文明人﹐呵呵﹐特別的感覺﹐自豪

绿妖精

着我华夏衣冠，识我华夏礼仪~

迷惘求知

好，好，非常好！祖宗的东西不能丢！我爱汉服

camperhk

支持推广传统文化，不过现阶段好像国家还没空管这块，只能民间自发的组织一下了