[Workers World] 文化灭绝:在西藏还是在新奥尔良?

ResHacker

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    本文原址: http://www.workers.org/2008/world/cultural_genocide_0410/

Cultural genocide: In Tibet or New Orleans?
文化灭绝:在西藏还是在新奥尔良?

By Larry Hales
Published Apr 3, 2008 9:33 PM

The Dalai Lama claims that China is committing “cultural genocide” against the Tibetan people, and his claims and news of the events unfolding in the regional capital of Lhasa have captured a great deal of attention in the major media outlets in the U.S.
dl喇嘛指控中国正在对西藏人民施行"文化灭绝",而且他的指控及该地区首府拉萨的一些新闻事件大大吸引了美国主流媒体的视线.

The “cause” of Tibet and the accusation of “cultural genocide” are not new. “Free Tibet” bumper stickers can often be seen at peace rallies, and it would seem that the case of Tibet is a real national liberation struggle of an oppressed people struggling for independence from an imperialist or colonial master.
西藏事件的"背景"及对"文化灭绝"的指控并不新鲜."自由西藏"反动派常常被视作和平的力量,而且似乎西藏事件是一个真正意义上的解放斗争,它似乎是一个被帝国主义或者说殖民主义统治者所压迫民族的独立斗争.

However, the issue of Tibet has been foisted upon some sectors of the movement in the U.S. in order to weaken China. The relationship between the U.S., with its aim to undermine the gains of the Chinese revolution, and the Dalai Lama and his clique is an old one and goes all the way back to the CIA manufactured “uprising” of 1959.
然而,西藏事件掺入了一些美国旨在削弱中国的动作.美国的目的是要破坏中国革命的成果,在此目的下美国与dl集团的关系是一致的,并且它们正要回到1959年中情局制造"西藏起义"的状态中.

It is greatly ironic that the corporate media in the U.S., which operate as mouthpieces for the owners and rulers of U.S. society, can use the Dalai Lama’s claim of “cultural genocide,” especially considering that the U.S. has committed genocide against Indigenous people and cut the ethnic/tribal ties to Africa of 40 million Black people.
美国的整个媒体世界作为美国社会拥有者和统治者的发言人,居然能采用dl喇嘛"文化灭绝"的指控作为其视点.尤其当我们想到美国如何对土著人民施行文化灭绝,想到美国如何砍断4千万黑人与其非洲种族或者部落的缕缕联系的时候,这些媒体的做法显得更加具有讽刺意味.

At a 2002 talk sponsored by the Center for Chinese Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles, Barry Sautman pointed out, “The problems of Tibetans are typical of minorities in the era of large modern states.” Sautman is an associate professor of Social Science at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. (www.international.ucla.edu)
在2002年由洛杉矶加州大学中国学习中心发起的一次探讨会议中,Barry Sautman指出:"西藏人民的问题,是大型现代化国家时代的少数民族的普遍问题."Sautman是香港科技大学的一位社会科学副教授.(www.international.ucla.edu)

Sautman argues that, though Chinese culture has naturally influenced Tibetan culture, “By not defining cultural genocide the Tibetan exiles can label any changes from 1959 as cultural genocide, although many of these changes could be expected to have occurred without the issue of cultural genocide arising.”
Sautman的主张是,尽管中国文化已经自然而然的影响了西藏文化,"西藏流亡者将自1959年以来的改变称作的文化灭绝并不是真正意义上的文化灭绝,许多这些改变即使没有文化灭绝的出现也还是会发生."

Sautman refutes the claim that Tibet has been flooded by Chinese migration by showing data that are not denied even by the U.S., which show that most Chinese that go to Tibet usually stay for only a few years and that many who claim to live in Tibet only claim to do so in order to receive higher pensions.
Sautman通过展示美国都不能否认的一些数据,驳倒了中国移民已经席卷西藏的说法.这些数据显示,大多数去往西藏的中国人仅仅在西藏呆上几年而已,许多都声称他们住在西藏仅仅是为了领取更高的抚恤金.

Western culture has infiltrated Tibet as well, as it has many other societies around the world, but this is rarely looked upon as “cultural genocide,” or even as cultural imperialism.
西方文化渗透了世界上许多其它社会,同样也渗透了西藏,但是这很少被视作"文化灭绝"甚至文化上的帝国主义.

The Dalai Lama is a separatist, connected to the old feudal relations that existed in Tibet before 1959, and his claims that Tibetan society was a free and open society where people lived harmoniously is a misrepresentation of history.
dl喇嘛是一个分裂主义者,他跟西藏1959年之前存在的封建社会关系有着千丝万缕的联系.他将过去的西藏社会描述为人民安居乐业,社会自由开放是一个历史性的错误.

Historian Michael Parenti, in a piece titled “Friendly Feudalism: The Tibet Myth,” states: “Until 1959, when the Dalai Lama last presided over Tibet, most of the arable land was still organized into manorial estates worked by serfs. These estates were owned by two social groups: the rich secular landlords and the rich theocratic lamas. ...
历史学家Michael Parenti在一篇标题为"友善的封建制度:西藏之谜"的文章中说道:"直到1959年,dl喇嘛还统治着西藏的时候,大多数可耕种土地依然分配到庄园阶级中,农奴为他们工作.这些庄园主分为两个社会团体:富有的无信仰地主和富有的神权主义喇嘛....

“Old Tibet has been misrepresented by some Western admirers as ‘a nation that required no police force because its people voluntarily observed the laws of karma.’ In fact, it had a professional army, albeit a small one, that served mainly as a gendarmerie for the landlords to keep order, protect their property, and hunt down runaway serfs.” (www.michaelparenti.org)
"旧西藏被一些西方恭维者错误地描述为'一个不需要治安警力的国家,因为它的人民自愿相信因果报应的定律.'实际上,它有一支专业化的军队,尽管很小,却主要作为宪兵队来为地主们维持秩序,保护其财产并且猎杀逃跑的农奴."(www.michealparenti.org)

It is the destruction of the old mode of production and property relations that angers the separatist movement that surrounds the Dalai Lama. The U.S. cares nothing about Buddhism, Tibetan monks or Tibetan culture, so it never mentions how the culture has been preserved, or that Tibet has been a part of China for centuries.
正是旧的生产关系和所有权模式的瓦解,引起了dl喇嘛周围分裂主义者的怒怨,并且他们已经发起了运动.美国对于佛教,西藏僧人和西藏文化根本毫不关心,所以它从未关注文化是如何保留下来的,它也从未提到西藏几个世纪以来就是中国的一部分.

Jin Zhigou, chief editor of the magazine China’s Tibet, says that the Dalai Lama and those that surround him use the fact that people are increasingly interested in Tibetan culture to influence attitudes by crying “cultural genocide.” But what culture would there be to spark anyone’s interest if it were being wiped out and the process of “cultural genocide” was nearing its fifth decade?
杂志主编金志国说道,dl喇嘛及其集团利用了人们对西藏文化越来越感兴趣这一点,通过叫嚣"文化灭绝"来吸引世人的关注.但是,如果一种文化正在灭绝并且"文化灭绝"的进程长达近乎50年,这一文化又凭借什么来吸引人们的眼球呢?

Jin says, “With the continuous social progress and the advancement of productive forces, it’s a natural thing for some cultural phenomena that are attached to relatively backward means of production to fade out of history. ... But the cultural activities closely connected with the salt-transporting, such as singing and dancing, rituals and taboos, have been preserved.”
金说道,"随着不断发展的社会进程和生产力的进步,由于过去的生产方式逐渐淡出历史,相应的产生一些文化现象是自然而然的. ... 但是一些与驮盐(译者:驮盐与西藏民俗有着紧密的联系,请参阅相关文化资料)有着紧密联系的文化活动,例如舞蹈,宗教仪式和宗教禁忌等,都被保留了下来.

ResHacker

“We needn’t have to keep black slavery in the United States just in order to enjoy the Blues,” he said. “The disappearance of salt-transporting by yaks won’t lead to the vanishing of the cultural elements it gave birth to.” He points out the millions of yuan, Chinese currency, that have been and are being spent to maintain both the intangible and structural parts of Tibetan culture.
"我们无需为了享受布鲁斯音乐而在美国保留黑奴制度",他说道,"牦牛驼盐的消失并不会导致它所产生的文化元素的也不复存在".他指出数百万元的中国货币也已经并且正在投入于西藏文化无形或有形部分的保护之中.

This attempt at cultural preservation is greatly different than what happens in the U.S. The Hurricane Katrina tragedy and aftermath provide a clear illumination.
这项文化保护的尝试跟美国发生的卡特里纳飓风悲剧是完全不同的,而且它最终给予了一个明确的阐释.
“The roots run deep in New Orleans” is a popular saying amongst Black New Orleanians. New Orleans is sacred ground, but this has not stopped local, state and federal officials from denying the right to return for evacuees, destroying public housing and entire neighborhoods, denying the right to jobs and re-imagining and attempting to rebuild the entire city for wealthy whites. Is this not cultural genocide?
"我们在新奥尔良根深蒂固"是新奥尔良黑人的一个流行语.新奥尔良陷入危机,但是这没有阻止当地,州和联邦官方拒绝他们疏散之后返回家乡的请求,这并没有阻止官方摧毁公共建筑和整个临近区域,这并没有阻止官方拒绝他们工作和重新设想并践行重建整个城市的请求,而他们(黑人们)的重建也是为了那些富有的白人.难道这不是文化灭绝吗?

The capitalist system cares nothing about culture. Capitalism sees culture as a commodity or subterfuge, something to use for profit or to undermine a people. Is this not what has happened to Black culture?
资本主义世界根本不关心什么是文化.资本主义将文化视作一种日用品或者托词,他们用它来创造利润或者侵蚀人民.难道这不是黑人文化所遭受的吗?

Take hip-hop culture, the musical aspect alone, and look at its history and its current state. Where hip-hop music is now from where it was is the difference between self-determination and a people determining their culture, and a system that is perpetuated by exploitation.
接受了说唱音乐,也仅仅是接受了表面的音乐,然后回顾它的历史,注视它的现状.说唱音乐现在与过去的区别,是人民能够对他们自己文化自主决定的社会和一个剥削永存的社会系统的区别.

Anyone with a scant knowledge of the history of the U.S. can see its hypocrisy when it comes to supporting the Dalai Lama’s claim of “cultural genocide,” and can see the real motive is to undermine the People’s Republic of China.
任何一个对美国历史有些许了解的人,便能够在它支持dl喇嘛所谓"文化灭绝"的时候看到其伪善的一面,能够看到其真正的动机是要破坏中华人民共和国.

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元素

引述于AOL网站：http://www.aol.in/news/gallery/monks_life_08/1/false/6000


Young ethnic Tibetan monks play in the snow at the Labrang Monastery in Xiahe in western China's Gansu province on May 3, 2007.


Ethnic Tibetan monks perform a religious dance at a monastery in Aba of the Sichuan province, south-west China, on February 18. Thousands of Tibetan pilgrims gathered to celebrate Monlam, or the Great Prayer Festival, which is one of the most important festivals in Tibetan Buddhism.


A Tibetan monk surfs the Internet at a cyber cafe in Yushu in west China's Qinghai province on July 28, 2007.


Tibetan monks dance at the Kirti Monastery near the town of Langmusi, in south-western China's Sichuan province, on March 1, 2007. Officially, atheist China's population of religious believers could be a "startling" three times larger than government estimates, a newspaper has said, citing a rare survey.


A monk mounts his motorcycle at the Qinghai lake in western China on July 17, 2001.


A monk stands on the escalator of a shopping mall at the Peak in Hong Kong on May 29, 2007, about a month before the 10th anniversary of Hong Kong's transition to Chinese rule.


An ethnic Tibetan monk takes photographs with his mobile phone during a ceremony to celebrate Monlam, or the Great Prayer Festival, at a monastery in Aba of the Sichuan province in south-west China on February 17.


Monks from the Yufo temple donate blood in Shanghai, China, on June 15, 2007.


Contestants of the 2007 Miss Tourism International pray as a Chinese monk watches during their visit to the Baima Temple in Luoyang of central China's Henan province, on July 25, 2007. The 2007 Miss Tourism International Final was held in Zhengzhou, the capital of central Henan, on July 31.


Tibetan children from a lama school play soccer at the Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in north-western China's Qinghai province on April 7, 2007.


A young ethnic Tibetan monk plays with a toy gun before the start of a Cham dance performance at the Labrang Monastery in Xiahe of western China's Gansu province, during the Monlam or Great Prayer ceremony. on February 11, 2006. The Cham dance is a whole-day performance and is performed by 35 masked dancers.

softfun

说到文化灭绝只需要提出2个问题：
1、一个被“不断持续灭绝”了50年的文化为什么吸引了全球如此多的人的眼球？
2、50年前被灭绝的文化到底是什么？

劉澀澀

这文章谁写的？？A A A

rlsrls08

旧文顶起来

朝露晨光

其实这些，大家都知道，只是西方主流媒体不愿意与政府作对而不报道与宣传。
美国是最没有资格指责别人的国家，什么坏事美国都做过了。
美国人嘴里那些看上去的正义言辞，不过是他们为了达到自己目的的工具而已。
就好像打伊拉克，杀萨达姆，不过是因为小萨卖油时候不去用美元，威胁了美国的国家利益而已。
什么大规模杀伤武器，什么恐怖主义~扯扯

why_together

,但是这没有阻止当地,州和联邦官方拒绝他们疏散之后返回家乡的请求,这并没有阻止官方摧毁公共建筑和整个临近区域,这并没有阻止官方拒绝他们工作和重新设想并践行重建整个城市的请求,而他们(黑人们)的重建也是为了那些富有的白人.难道这不是文化灭绝吗?
----------------------------
为啥会这样？