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【08.8.24 基督教科学箴言报】解决奖牌纷争(＋有趣数据)^_^
【原文标题】Solving the medal muddle
【中文标题】解决奖牌纷争
【登载媒体】基督教科学箴言报
【来源地址】http://features.csmonitor.com/ol ... g-the-medal-muddle/
【译者】荡漾
【声明】本翻译仅供Anti-CNN使用，谢绝转载
【原文】(by Mark Sappenfield)
I have solved the medal-table controversy irrefutably.
China won.
Is that total medals or gold medals, you ask. Popular vote or electoral college? Is this the 2000 presidential election all over again? Will there will need to be an emergency session of the Supreme Court to decide who the “winner” of the Olympics is.
Of course, there is no official winner. But the International Olympic Committee (IOC) ranks its medal table by gold medals. That means if someone had happened to win 300 silver and bronze medals and no golds here, it would have ended up being ranked 56th – behind Cameroon, which won a single gold in the women’s triple jump.
What, then, is the point of handing out three medals?
Then again, winning the actual event must count for something.
So here I give you the correct medal table:
1. China – 223
2. United States – 220
3. Russia – 139
4. Great Britain – 98
5. Australia – 89
6. Germany – 83
7. France – 70
8. Korea – 67
9. Italy – 54
10. Japan – 49
The secret math? Three points for a gold, 2 for a silver, 1 for a bronze.
Other crumbs of medal-table trivia:
* By the IOC’s ranking system, Michael Phelps would have finished 10th, one place ahead of France, had he been entered as a country.
* This is only the second time since World War I that two nations have split the gold medal and total medal lead. The other instance was in the 1964 Tokyo Games, when the US won 36 gold medals and 90 overall medals, while the Soviet Union won 30 gold medals and 96 overall medals.
* Compared with its results from Athens, China improved by 19 gold medals and 37 total medals. By far, the greatest increase came in gymnastics, going from one gold, zero silvers, and three bronzes (1-0-3) to 11-1-6 – a gain of 10 gold medals and 14 total medals. No other Chinese sport saw a gain of more than three total medals.
* China maintained or increased its medal totals from Athens in every sport but three. In each of these three, the decrease was only one. Fencing (from 0-3-0 in Athens to 1-1-0 in Beijing), judo (1-1-3 to 3-0-1), and shooting (4-2-3 to 5-2-1). In each, it increased its gold-medal total despite the decline in total medals.
* Fifty-one percent of China’s medals were gold. That is only the third time that more than half of overall leaders’ medals were gold. The others instances were the Soviets in 1972 and the Americans in 1952.
* Fifty-eight percent of American medals came from swimming (31), gymnastics (10), and track and field (23). After those three, America’s best sports by total medals were shooting and fencing, with six apiece.
* In no sport but swimming and track and field did the US win more than two gold medals. China won more than two gold medals in seven sports: badminton (3), diving (7), gymnastics (11), judo (3), shooting (5), table tennis (4), and weightlifting (8).
* There were six medal sweeps: three for the US (men’s 400 meter dash, men’s 400 meter hurdles, and women’s saber), two for China (men’s and women’s singles table tennis), and one for Jamaica (women’s 100 meter dash).
* Of the countries that won more than 10 medals, two won all their medals in one sport. Kenya’s 14 medals and Jamaica’s 11 medals all came in track and field.
* Of the countries that won more than 20 medals, none is more dependent on one sport than Australia: 20 of its 46 medals (43 percent) came from swimming.
* Eighty-seven countries won a medal, surpassing the record of 80, set in 2000.
* Five countries won their first medal: Togo, Mauritius, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Bahrain.
* Three countries won their first gold medal: Panama, Mongolia, and Bahrain.
* Armenia won six medals, all of them bronze. Cuba won 24 medals but only two golds.
* The last medals of Beijing: France (gold), Iceland (silver), Spain (bronze) for men’s handball.
【译文】
毋庸置疑我解决了极具争议的奖牌榜问题。
中国赢！
你或许会问：按奖牌总数还是金牌优先？直接投票还是代表团选举？难道这是2000年总统选举的翻版吗？最高法院有必要召开一次紧急会议决定奥运会的赢家吗？
当然谈不上谁是正式的赢家，不过国际奥委会的奖牌榜是按金牌顺序来排列的。这意味着如果有国家恰好赢得了200枚银牌和铜牌但没有1枚金牌入帐，将不得不得排到第56位，喀麦隆之后，因为喀麦隆赢了一枚女子三级跳远的金牌。
那么，设立三种奖牌的意义究竟何在？
赢得一项赛事的冠军理应有其特殊的价值。
来看看我给出的正确的奖牌榜吧：
1、中国－223
2、美国－220
3、俄罗斯－139
4、英国－98
5、澳大利亚－89
6、德国－83
7、法国－70
8、韩国－67
9、意大利－54
10、日本－49
没什么数学秘密，金牌计3分，银牌2分，铜牌1分。
另提供一些奖牌榜花絮：
* 根据国际奥委会的排名体系，假如Michael Phelps(美国菲尔普斯)作为一个参赛国计算的话将荣登奖牌榜第10位。
* 自一战以来第二次出现有2个国家各自占据金牌数和奖牌总数的第一。另一次出现于1964年的东京奥运会，当时美国赢得了36枚金牌、奖牌总数为90枚而前苏联金牌30枚但奖牌总数为96枚。
* 和雅典取得的成绩比较，中国增加了19枚金牌，奖牌总数则增加了37枚。就目前看来集中在体操：从雅典金牌1银牌0铜牌3（1-0-3）到11-1-6，增加了10枚金牌，奖牌总数则增加了14枚！而其他项目奖牌增加总数均不超过3枚。
* 和雅典相比，中国除了三个项目之外其他都维持或增加了奖牌总数。这三个项目减少的奖牌数也都只有1枚：击剑（从雅典的0-3-0到北京的1-1-0）、柔道（1-1-3到3-0-1）和射击（4-2-3到5-2-1）。但这三个项目虽然奖牌总数有减少但都增加了金牌数。
* 中国奖牌的51%是金牌，这是历史上第三次出现一个国家金牌比例超过50%。另外2次是1952年的美国和1972年的前苏联。
* 美国奖牌的58%来自游泳(31)、体操(10)和田径(23)，除此之外美国奖牌总数最多的项目是射击和击剑，各获得6枚奖牌。
* 美国除了田径和游泳之外找不到一个项目金牌数超过2枚。而中国在7个项目中夺得超过2枚的金牌：羽毛球3枚、跳水7枚、体操11枚、柔道3枚、射击5枚、乒乓球4枚、举重8枚。
* 有六个项目出现了奖牌包揽：美国占了3个（男子400米短跑、男子400米栏和女子佩剑），中国有2个项目（男子和女子乒乓球），牙买加占1个（女子100米短跑）。
* 在赢得奖牌数超过10枚的国家中，有2个国家所有的奖牌集中在一个项目上：肯尼亚的14枚奖牌和牙买加的11枚奖牌都来自田径。
* 在赢得奖牌数超过20枚的国家中，澳大利亚是对某一个项目最具依赖性的国家：46枚奖牌中的20枚（43%）来自游泳。
* 87%的国家都有奖牌入帐，超过了2000年悉尼80%的纪录。
* 5个国家首次赢得奖牌，分别是：多哥、毛里求斯、阿富汗、塔吉克斯坦和巴林。
* 3个国家首次赢得金牌，分别是：巴拿马、蒙古和巴林。
* 亚美尼亚共赢得6枚奖牌，全部是铜牌；古巴赢得24枚奖牌，只有2枚金牌。
* 北京奥运会最后决出的奖牌是：法国（金）、爱尔兰（银）、西班牙（铜），来自男子手球。
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发表于 2008-8-27 22:01
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