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【标题】：中国的金牌，高昂的代价
【链接】：http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-hardship26-2008aug26,0,1954742.story
【翻译】：QChen
【翻译方式】: 原创翻译
【声明】本文翻译仅限Anti-CNN内部使用，谢绝转载。
中国的金牌，高昂的代价
运动员们作出宝贵的牺牲 – 一个和自己蹒跚学步的孩子两地相隔，一个被禁吃晚餐，一个错过了亲人的丧礼。当美国人在谈论乐趣之时，中国人却是在执行神圣的使命。
作者： Barbara Demick, Los Angeles Times Staff Writer
August 26, 2008
北京 – 如果有人对中国一长串的奥运会金牌数量感到强烈妒忌，那么他们最好暂停这种思想，好好想想运动员们为得到金牌所经历的困难。
中国军团内唯一的妈妈级运动员，冼东妹，在赢得她的举重金牌之后，告诉记者说，她已经有一年没有见她18个月大的女儿，只是通过视频关注着女儿的成长。另一位金牌获得者，举重运动员曹磊，为奥运会保持这样的隔离式训练，没有被告知她的母亲生命垂危。只是在她已经错过丧礼之后才知道真实情况。
陈若琳，一位15岁的跳水运动员，受命不吃晚餐一年时间，保持体形为能像剃刀一样插入水中。这个女孩重66磅。
“为祖国获得奥运会的荣誉是党中央分配的神圣使命。”这是中国体育总局局长刘鹏在奥运会伊始时所做的动员。
中美运动员之间的对比是再鲜明不过了。赛后采访中，美国运动员大谈自己的父母，兄弟姐妹，宠物，业余爱好，不断地重复使用快乐一词。
Shawn Johnson (肖恩.约翰逊)，16岁的体操运动员，对于返回爱荷华州,西德梅因市公立高中后将要拜读的课程充满热情。
中国的运动员通常没有宠物，没有业余爱好，没有兄弟姐妹(因为大多数人都是中国一个孩子政策的产物)。
很多美国队员携父母一起到北京，而中国运动员的父母只能坐在电视机前观看比赛。中国运动员每天训练达10小时，即使是孩童每天也只有为数不多的几小时时间接受理论课程。
“你没有支配自己生活的权利。教练随时在你身边。人们总是在关注着你，医生，甚至是自助餐厅内的厨师。你没有选择，只能训练才不会让其它人失望。”体操运动员陈一冰上星期在获得吊环金牌后告诉中国记者。他说，他和父母相处的时间可以“用小时来计算…非常少的几小时”。
中国的体育体制是受到苏联的启发。尽管许多美国运动员有雄心勃勃的父母去培养他们的才能，但是中国未来的冠军是从国营的封闭式学校内的幼小儿童中挑选出来的。探子们在学童中间进行拉网式搜寻潜在的冠军人选，为篮球选取最高球员，瘦小又关节灵活适于跳水 – 不管他们是否知晓如何游泳。
“我想成为一名芭蕾舞演员，但是他们说乒乓球才是适合我的运动。”北京宣武体院的一名20岁老运动员，陆路(音译)说。
2001年，在北京被选为今次夏季奥运会主办城市后，中国的体育当局启动了”119计划”（在不是中国强项的田径，皮划艇，帆船，划船和游泳项目上的金牌数量），指派有希望的年轻运动员专注于这些运动项目，其中一些是他们从未听过的项目。
最终的数据是中国收获了51枚金牌，美国38枚，尽管美国赢得更多的奖牌总数(110比100)，统计数据认为中国政府赢得胜利，刘称此为“科学”的统计方法。
“美国和中国的体育体制是对我们各自社会的非常准确的隐喻。基于计划，合作以及中央部署来说，中国是由工程师管理的社会，”位于纽约的亚洲协会副总裁，同时也是一名铁人三项运动员的Jamie Metzl说。“国家是最高实体，个体的角色就是支持国家。”
“事实表明，这种旧式的苏联体制是可行的。如果你要在整个13亿人口中仔细找出某种身形，然后投入巨大的资源进行训练，那么你就会制造出冠军。”
但代价却是要高出许多西方人士可以接受的程度。中国被质疑利用14岁的体操运动员，伪造年龄，规避为保护女孩在青少年过渡阶段的健康而做的规定。允许有更年轻运动员的体育项目上，运动员们通常遭受着危险，而这在其它地方是无法接受的。
“太危险了，”跳水教练周继红对一家中国报刊说道，谈到过度的节食让她的这位15岁跳水运动员保持体重66磅。“她有着超常的毅力”。
中国运动员，特别是女运动员，趋向于比西方的竞争对手更纤瘦得多。郭晶晶，重108磅的跳水金牌获得者，在她称竞争对手Blythe Hartley为“肥胖的加拿大人”时被指为相当无礼。
郭，27岁，忍受着有关跳水方面的健康问题，据说她视力很差，几乎不能看清跳板。这是6岁就被招募到队的中国跳水运动员一个普遍的危害。
“跳水运动员在幼年时期眼睛还未完全发育开始跳水，损伤的机会非常之大。” 中国国家跳水队队医李凤莲表示。她去年发表了一个研究，报告显示跳水队内184名运动员中有26例视网膜损伤。
不管奥运奖牌榜的有效性，中国很有可能在往一个更开放的体制方向前行，运动员拥有更多自由。在尝过其带来的名气和财富之后，很多运动员拒绝继续留在一个被视为普通士兵的体制当中。
更多深谙世故的中国人也时时牢记，作为奥运强国并不必要转化为世界垄断。1988年的汉城奥运会对苏联和东德来说就是一个巨大的胜利，分别赢得55和37枚金牌。
紧接着到了1992年举行的奥运会，2个国家都已不复存在。
barbara.demick@latimes.com
北京分部的Angelina Qu, Nicole Liu 和Eliot Gao供稿于此报道。
原文
China's gold medals came at a high price
Athletes sacrificed dearly -- one was separated from her toddler, one was banned from eating dinner, one missed a parent's funeral. While Americans spoke of fun, the Chinese were on a 'sacred mission.
By Barbara Demick, Los Angeles Times Staff Writer
August 26, 2008
BEIJING -- If anybody feels a pang of jealousy over China's haul of Olympic gold medals, they need only pause to consider what the athletes went through to get them.
The only mother on China's team, Xian Dongmei, told reporters after she won her gold medal in judo that she had not seen her 18-month-old daughter in one year, monitoring the girl's growth only by webcam. Another gold medalist, weightlifter Cao Lei, was kept in such seclusion training for the Olympics that she wasn't told her mother was dying. She found out only after she had missed the funeral.
Chen Ruolin, a 15-year-old diver, was ordered to skip dinner for one year to keep her body sharp as a razor slicing into the water. The girl weighs 66 pounds.
"To achieve Olympic glory for the motherland is the sacred mission assigned by the Communist Party central," is how Chinese Sports Minister Liu Peng put it at the beginning of the Games.
The contrast couldn't be greater than between the Chinese and U.S. athletes. In their post-match interviews, the Americans rambled on about their parents, their siblings, their pets, their hobbies. They repeatedly used the word fun. Shawn Johnson, the 16-year-old gymnast, waxed enthusiastic about the classes she'll take when she returns to her public high school in West Des Moines, Iowa.
The Chinese athletes generally don't have pets or hobbies. Or brothers or sisters (since most are products of China's one-child policy).
While many U.S. team members hauled their parents to Beijing, most Chinese parents had to settle for watching the Games on television. Chinese athletes train up to 10 hours a day, and even the children have only a few hours a day for academic instruction.
"You have no control over your own life. Coaches are with you all the time. People are always watching you, the doctors, even the chefs in the cafeteria. You have no choice but to train so as not to let the others down," gymnast Chen Yibing told Chinese reporters last week after winning a gold medal on the rings. He said he could count the amount of time he'd spent with his parents "by hours . . . very few hours."
The Chinese sports system was inspired by the Soviet Union. Whereas many U.S. athletes have ambitious parents to nurture their talents, China's future champions are drafted as young children for state-run boarding schools. Scouts trawl through the population of schoolchildren for potential champions, plucking out the extremely tall for basketball, the slim and double-jointed for diving -- regardless of whether they know how to swim.
"I wanted to be a ballet dancer, but they said pingpong was right for me," said Lu Lu, a 20-year-old player at the Xuanwu Sports Academy in Beijing.
After Beijing was chosen in 2001 to host this summer's Games, China's sports authorities launched Project 119 (after the number of medals available in track and field, canoeing, sailing, rowing and swimming that were not Chinese strengths) and assigned promising young athletes to focus exclusively on these sports, some of which they'd never heard of.
The final tally gave China 51 gold medals to the United States' 36, and although the Americans won more medals overall (110 to 100), the statistics allowed the Chinese government to claim victory for what Liu called its "scientific" methods.
"The sports systems of the United States and China are very accurate metaphors for our societies. China is a society run by engineers, based on planning and coordination and central planning," said Jamie Metzl, executive vice president of the New York-based Asia Society and an Ironman triathlete. "The state is the supreme entity and the role of the individual is to support the state.
"Truth be told, this old Soviet system works. If you are going to scan the whole population of 1.3 billion for a certain body type and then throw vast resources into training them, you will produce champions."
But the costs are higher than many Westerners would tolerate. China is suspected of using 14-year-old gymnasts and falsifying their ages to get around a rule designed to protect girls' health during the transition into puberty. In sports where younger athletes are permitted, they often take risks that elsewhere would be unacceptable.
"It's too dangerous," diving coach Zhou Jihong said to a Chinese newspaper, speaking of the extreme diet that kept his 15-year-old athlete at 66 pounds. "She has superhuman willpower."
Chinese athletes, particularly women, tend to be much thinner than their Western counterparts. Guo Jingjing, a gold medalist in diving who weighs 108 pounds, pointed out as much rather ungraciously when she referred to competitor Blythe Hartley as "the fat Canadian." The 5-foot-5 Hartley weighs 123 pounds.
Guo, 27, suffers from health problems related to diving and is said to have such bad eyesight she can barely see the diving board. It is a common hazard for Chinese divers, who are recruited as young as 6.
"Divers who start at an early age before the eye is fully developed have great chance for injuries," said Li Fenglian, doctor for the Chinese national diving team. She published a study last year reporting that 26 of 184 divers on the team had retina damage.
Despite the validation provided by the Olympic medal count, China is probably heading in the direction of a more open system where the athletes have more freedom. Having tasted celebrity and the wealth it can bring, many athletes have balked at remaining in a system where they are treated like rank-and-file soldiers.
More sophisticated Chinese are also mindful that being an Olympic superpower doesn't necessarily translate into world dominance. The 1988 Olympics in Seoul were a huge triumph for the Soviet Union and East Germany, which won 55 and 37 gold medals, respectively.
By the time the next Olympics took place in 1992, both countries were defunct.
barbara.demick@latimes.com
Angelina Qu, Nicole Liu and Eliot Gao of The Times' Beijing Bureau contributed to this report.
[ 本帖最后由 QChen 于 2008-8-28 22:42 编辑 ] |
中国, 代价, 洛杉矶时报, 美国, 中国, 代价, 洛杉矶时报, 美国, 中国, 代价, 洛杉矶时报, 美国, 金牌
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狗仔卡
发表于 2008-8-28 21:36
提升卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
引用的话全部变味儿……，而且记者根本不了解竞技体育的模式
