Survey raises alarm over polluted water调查提出了对污染水的报警
Shi Jiangtao in Beijing 在北京世江涛 Oct 25, 2011 2011年10月25日，
A government survey has shed rare light on a less talked about aspect of the mainland's water woes: massive contamination of groundwater.一位政府调查也已摆脱了罕见的光较少谈到大陆的水危机方面：大量的地下水污染。
Only a small part of the findings of the nationwide survey appears to have been made public by the Ministry of Land and Resources.只有一小部分的全国性调查结果显示，已经由国土资源部公开。 But it paints a grim picture that analysts say yet again highlights the severity of the country's water pollution problems - and the government's failure to tackle environmental challenges.但它描绘一个严峻的画面，分析家说，再次凸显了该国的水质污染问题的严重性 - 政府未能解决的环境挑战。
It contains startling revelations that support Premier Wen Jiabao's recent warnings about worsening water quality - especially pollution of underground water sources, from where nearly 70 per cent of the population get their drinking water.它包含了令人吃惊的启示，支持国务院总理温家宝最近警告，水质恶化 - 特别是地下水源的污染，其中近70％的人口获得他们的饮用水。
Wen told a State Council meeting two months ago that groundwater contamination posed grave challenges to public health and threatened to derail the country's social and economic development.温家宝说，国务院常务会议，两个月前，地下水污染提出了严峻的挑战，对公众健康和威胁要破坏该国的社会和经济发展。
His administration approved an ambitious 10-year blueprint to address the issue and vowed to bring the problem under control by 2020.他的政府批准了一项雄心勃勃的10年蓝图，以解决这一问题，并誓言要控制住，到2020年的问题。
But analysts say Beijing's new commitment and the nearly 59 billion yuan (HK$72.2 billion) earmarked for the plan may not be enough to restore public confidence in its ability to curb pollution, a growing source of tension and unrest.但分析家说，北京的新的承诺和近59亿元人民币（72.2亿港元）专门用于该计划可能不足以恢复公众的信心在其能力，以遏制污染，越来越多的紧张和不安源。
Officials are increasingly vocal about mounting environmental problems and their dire consequences, but all this talk has yet to be translated into any concrete steps to change the situation.官员们越来越多地安装环境问题及其严重后果的声音，但所有这一切的谈话尚未被翻译成任何具体的步骤，以改变这种状况。
More than 57 per cent of groundwater is substandard and 17 per cent of extremely poor quality, according to the survey of 182 cities last year.超过57％的地下水％是不合格的，17％的质量极差，根据去年的182个城市的调查。 In addition, a marked deterioration in quality was widely seen in the northern regions.此外，在质量上的显着恶化，被广泛认为在北部地区。
"Things look rather gloomy in terms of the overall quality of groundwater as more than half of the water sources assessed have been contaminated," the survey says. “事情看起来相当暗淡，已被污染地下水的整体素质评估的水来源的一半以上，”调查说。
The findings, which are available on the ministry's website, do not include further details such as a ranking of the cities by water quality or a breakdown of their sample test results.结果，这是该部的网站，不包括进一步的细节，如水质或击穿其样本测试结果的城市中的排名。
Beijing is expected to release the first national blueprint for tackling groundwater problems later this month.北京有望在本月晚些时候释放的第一个国家为解决地下水问题蓝图。 It planned to spend 2.7 billion yuan over the next five years on surveys of pollution sources, testing the impact of groundwater contamination and setting up a national supervision system, the 21st Century Business Herald reported.它计划花费2.7亿元人民币，在未来五年，对污染源进行调查，测试地下水污染的影响，并设立一个国家监管系统，21世纪经济报道 。
Citing environment ministry experts, the newspaper said previous surveys on groundwater contamination - including by the land and resources ministry - had failed to provide the comprehensive information needed to give an accurate picture of pollution.报纸援引环境部专家，说，以前对地下水污染的调查 - 包括由国土资源部 - 未能提供全面的信息，需要给一个准确的污染图片。
Beijing, and cities in Shandong, Guizhou and Hainan provinces, will be the first to have their underground water sources surveyed this year, followed by other cities in 2013.北京，山东，贵州和海南省的城市，将成为第一个有地下水源的调查今年，随后在2013年的其他城市。
Groundwater provides 18 per cent of the nation's water supply and is the lifeblood of the parched northern region, according to Xinhua.地下水提供了18％和全国的供水是在炎热的北部地区的命脉，据新华社。 It provides 65 per cent of the freshwater supply for domestic use, 50 per cent for industry and 33 per cent for irrigation and farming in the north.它提供可作住宅用途，50％的行业和在北方的灌溉和农业占33％，65％的淡水供应。
But it is not only pollution and overuse that is compromising groundwater quality.但它不是唯一的，危及地下水水质污染和过度使用。 The problems had been compounded by the government's failure to deal with a long list of environmental hazards such as urban sewage, household refuse, industrial waste and widespread fertiliser and pesticide use, Xinhua said.新华社报道说，问题已经由政府未能处理一长串的环境危害，如城市污水，生活垃圾，工业废料和广泛的化肥和农药的使用加剧。
In Beijing, more than 70 per cent of the city's freshwater supply comes from underground sources.在北京，超过70％的城市的淡水供应来自地下水源。 The groundwater level has dropped by 1.2 metres every year since 1999.自1999年以来以每年1.2米，地下水位已经下降。
In Hebei province, decades of groundwater overuse has left about 40,000 square kilometres of land prone to subsidence and other geological disasters.在河北省，已经离开几十年的地下水过度沉降等地质灾害容易发生的土地约40,000平方公里。
About 40 per cent of groundwater in urban areas was considered undrinkable by 2008, affecting more than 40 million people in about 400 cities, according to a preliminary draft of the plan available on the internet.约40％％，在城市地区的地下水被认为不能饮用，到2008年，影响约400个城市的40多万市民，按计划在互联网上公布的草案初稿。
In rural areas, the situation is even worse: 360 million people are without access to clean drinking water.在农村地区，情况更糟：3.6亿人得不到干净的饮用水。
The draft document even makes rare reference to the appalling human cost of the water problems.该文件草案，甚至使得水的问题令人震惊的人力成本的难得的参考。 "Cancer villages have emerged in Henan, Anhui, Sichuan, Guangdong, Heilongjiang and Shandong", it says, estimating direct economic losses from water pollution of at least several billion yuan per year. “已在河南，安徽，四川，广东，黑龙江和山东出现癌症村”，它说，估计直接经济损失至少数十亿元人民币，每年水污染。
Although the plan was first drafted in 2006 by the ministries of environment and land and resources, bickering among officials, including those from the water resources ministry, has delayed its approval, the 21st Century Business Herald said.环境，土地和资源的部委官员，包括那些来自水利部，已推迟批准之间的争吵，虽然该计划最早在2006年起草，21世纪经济报道说。
But analysts were doubtful about the plan's impact and speed - with a target of bringing the situation under control in five years - given Beijing's poor track record on enforcing laws and regulations, and its failure to rein in development-minded local authorities and industrial polluters.但分析师怀疑该计划的影响和速度 - 与目标，将控制在五年的情况 - 北京执行的法律和法规，并未能遏制发展的志同道合地方当局和工业污染穷人的轨道记录。
Shi Xiaojuan, an environment ministry official, was quoted by the newspaper as saying that Beijing had yet to find an effective way to tackle groundwater problems.施晓娟，环境部官员说，北京还没有找到一个有效的方式来解决地下水问题，报纸援引。
"Unlike water problems with lakes and rivers, underground water pollution is a lot more difficult to deal with in terms of both technology and cost," Shi said. “不同的湖泊和河流的水问题，地下水的污染是很多，在技术和成本方面更难以对付，”石广生说。 "Once contaminated, it's hard to get it clean again. It can take three to five years, three to five decades - or it might drag on indefinitely." “一旦被污染，很难得到再次清洁，它可以采取三至五年，三到五十年 - 。或它可能会无限期地拖延下去”
Wang Yongchen, of the Beijing-based Green Earth Volunteers, said the plan was unlikely to solve the problem without public participation and media scrutiny. ，总部设在北京绿家园志愿者汪永晨说，该计划是不可能解决的问题，没有公众参与和媒体的审视。
Veteran environmentalist Wu Lihong - who was jailed for three years on extortion charges after years of vigorous campaigning over pollution at Lake Tai - agreed.资深环保人士吴立红 - 人被判入狱3年敲诈罪名，经过多年对太湖污染的蓬勃竞选 - 同意。
"This blueprint might be wellintended, the measures may even be good, but implementing them is a different thing entirely," Wu said. “这蓝图可能wellintended的，甚至可能的措施是好的，但实现它们是完全不同的事情，”吴说。
"The reality is that it's a struggle to implement most other policies, so I don't see any possibility of this one being carried out," he said, citing Lake Tai as an example. “现实情况是，它的斗争，以实现大多数其他政策，所以我没有看到任何正在开展的可能性，”他说，引太湖作为一个例子。
After years of expensive clean-up efforts under a central government guideline, Lake Tai - one of the country's largest freshwater lakes - continues to be swamped by algal blooms nearly every year.经过多年的昂贵的清洁中央政府指引下努力，太湖 - 全国最大的淡水湖泊之一 - 继续几乎每年都被赤潮淹没。
jiangtao.shi@scmp.com Copyright (c) 2011. jiangtao.shi @ scmp.com版权所有（c）2011。 South China Morning Post Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved.南中国早报出版有限公司保留所有权利。
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