【2010.08.05 经济学人】中国的污染现状

AlterEgo

【中文标题】中国的污染现状
        【原文标题】Pollution in China

【登载媒体】economist

【来源地址】http://www.economist.com/node/16744110?story_id=16744110

【译  者】 AlterEgo

【翻译方式】 人工
        【声  明】 本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不得转载。
        【译  文】

Pollution in China

中国的污染现状

Raising a stink

臭气熏天 民怨沸腾

Efforts to improve China's environment are having far too little effect

中国为保护环境所作的努力收效甚微

AN OILY green algal film slops on the shore of Tai Lake, China's third-largest freshwater body. Its foul odour drifts over nearby villages. By the water's edge it is hard not to retch. Fishermen complain of dizziness. A clean-up campaign launched by the government three years ago has made little progress.
   

中国第三大淡水湖太湖沿岸漂浮着一层油乎乎的绿藻。散发出的恶臭蔓延过附近的村落。靠近岸边你会觉得想要恶心干呕。渔民们被熏得头晕脑胀，抱怨连连。而政府三年前发起的一次清污行动到现在还没取得什么进展。

A similar outbreak in the torrid summer heat of 2007 became a national scandal. Drinking-water supplies for hundreds of thousands of people nearby were suspended for several days while the authorities tried to scoop up the glop. Shamed by damage to a renowned beauty spot, the government spent hundreds of millions of dollars on sewage works and other measures. Hundreds of nearby factories were closed in an effort to reduce the effluent that causes algae to grow.
      

2007年盛夏那次类似的绿藻爆发事件引起了全国的一片哗然。政府为了清除这些粘糊糊的绿藻，中断了附近成百上千户居民多日的饮水供应。绿藻事件给这个著名景点带来了一定程度的破坏，政府为了挽回颜面，投入了数亿美元到污水处理厂和其他防治措施。为减少排出的污水对绿藻生长的催化作用，太湖周围上百家工厂遭到关停处置。

This year's problem smells rather like that of 2007, but comparisons are tricky. The lake is vast and few data are available, so independent monitors rely on anecdotal evidence. Some fishermen on the northern shore say the outbreak this year is just as bad. Others see an improvement. If so, it is hard to say what has helped: anti-pollution measures, algae barriers in the water or the deployment of algae-scooping teams. Residents say algae-eating silver carp introduced with great fanfare this year have died.

   今年的问题似乎与2007年那次很相似，但却很难作对比。太湖面积广大且水文数据匮乏，因此那些缺乏沟通的独立观测站需要依赖传闻中的迹象。一些北部沿岸的渔民表示今年的状况与往年同样糟糕，而其他地方的渔民则表示情况有所改观。如果是这样的话，就很难说究竟是哪项举措发挥了效力：防污措施，水中的绿藻隔离带或是绿藻清除队伍。而在媒体上大肆报道的引进食藻银鲤的举措，据周围居民表示，鱼儿已经大部分死亡。

Even with the most dedicated effort, it would be a struggle to keep the lake clean. Its basin is one of the most highly developed areas in the country, producing over 10% of China's GDP. Ma Jun of the Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs, a Beijing-based NGO, says official efforts have slowed the deterioration of water quality. But a "large volume" of pollutants enters through 200 streams and rivers.
   

即便是费了九牛二虎之力，保持湖水清洁仍然苦难重重。太湖流域是中国最发达地区之一，占全国ＧＤＰ的比重超过１０％。北京ＮＧＯ组织公共环境事物协会的马军表示，政府的努力减缓了太湖水质的恶化，但仍有“大量的”污染物通过近２００条溪水河流流进太湖。

Efforts to stimulate the economy have not helped. Spending on green technologies rose, but less care was taken over environmental protection. Local officials grew fixated on the need to boost GDP, helped by often indiscriminate lending by state-owned banks. Funds poured into new infrastructure and buildings, boosting some of the most polluting industries.
   

经济刺激方案加剧了情况的恶化。虽然在绿色科技上的投入不断增加，但在环境保护上却重视不足。在国有银行盲目信贷的推动下，地方官员一门心思只知推高GDP的增长。大量资金投入到基建和房地产，繁荣了那些污染最为严重的产业。

Hints of environmental backsliding have appeared in the government's own ropy data. The Ministry of Environmental Protection released figures on July 26th that showed 43.2% of state-monitored rivers were classified as grade 4 or worse in the first half of the year, meaning their water was unsuitable for human contact. Last year, as a whole, it was 42.7%.

     在政府那不怎么靠谱的数据中，环境恶化的迹象已经有所反映。环境保护部7月26号发布的数据显示，今年上半年由国家监控的河流中有43.2%被划归到4级甚至更低的级别，这意味着这些河流的水质已经不适合人类接触。而去年的此项数据显示的总体比例是42.7%。

Residents of Beijing, who hoped the clear skies they enjoyed during the 2008 Olympic Games would persist, have also resumed their grumbling. Smog is back with a vengeance. A stimulus-encouraged car-buying spree has further clogged city streets. Provinces around Beijing account for much of China's recent record levels of (air-fouling) steel and coke production.
  

北京的居民又开始抱怨了，他们不希望2008奥运期间那晴朗的天空一去不复返。再次出现的烟尘污染比以前更加严重。经济刺激方案引发的购车热潮进一步堵塞了道路交通。在中国最近创纪录的钢和焦炭（造成空气污染）产量中，北京周边省份占去了一大部分。

Official data show a diminishing share of grade 1 ("excellent") air-quality days since the games. And the situation may be worse than these suggest. The American embassy in Beijing, to the annoyance of local officials, issues frequent air-quality readings for its part of the city. These, based on the presence of fine particulates, mostly ranged from "moderate" to "unhealthy" in the 24 hours after midday on July 31st. But the government called that period grade 2, or "good". Incredibly, to anyone familiar with China's perennially grey urban landscapes, fully 91% of days in 113 big cities in the first half of this year were described as "blue sky". But this was 0.3% below last year's figure for the same period, the first fall since 2005.
   

官方数据显示自奥运会结束以来空气质量达到1级（“优”）的天数日益下降。而实际情况可能比这还要糟糕。令当地官员恼怒的是，美国驻中国大使馆常常发布自己关于空气质量的观测数据。根据空气中的微尘颗粒状况，这些数据显示在7月31日午后的24小时里，空气质量大部分停留在“中等”到“有害”区间。然而官方却称这个时段的空气质量为2级，即“良”。令那些熟悉中国城市长期灰蒙蒙景象的人难以置信的是，在上半年，中国113个大城市中竟足足有91%的天数被形容为“蔚蓝的天空”。而这个数据与去年同期相比下降了0.3%，是自2005年以来的首次下降。

There is a ray of hope. In 2006 China set a target of a 20% cut by 2010 of its energy intensity (the amount of energy consumed per unit of GDP). As some 70% of China's energy comes from coal, efforts to achieve this have been closely watched. After successive years of improvement, the first quarter of this year saw a big reversal, with energy intensity increasing by 3.2%. But on August 3rd new data showed that in the first half of the year, energy intensity nudged up by a mere 0.09% compared with the same period a year ago. This implied a huge recent improvement. China's energy-intensity data are as wobbly as other indicators. Perhaps, however, a warning in May by the prime minister, Wen Jiabao, that an "iron hand" would be used to meet the target, has had some effect.
   

不过尚存一线希望。2006年中国制定了到2010年能源消耗（每单位GDP能耗）降低20%的目标。由于中国70%的能源供应来自煤炭，因此这项目标的完成从开始就受到密切的关注。情况在连续几年有所改善之后，却在今年第一季度却出现了逆转，能源消耗上升了3.2%。然而8月3号公布的新数据却显示在今年上半年，能源消耗与去年同期相比仅仅微涨了0.09%。这是在暗指最近情况有了大幅改善。不过正如中国的其他数据一样，这项能源数据也不会太靠谱。但话又说回来，也可能是中国总理温家宝于5月份有关“铁腕治理”的强硬表态收到了一定成效。

Revising the figures certainly has. In July new energy-intensity numbers were produced for the past four years that put China closer to its target. The change suggested that energy intensity had improved by 15.6% from 2006. Arthur Kroeber of GaveKal-Dragonomics, a consultancy, thinks China will get within a "reasonable range" of its 20% goal.
   

数据当然是经过了修订的。为使自己更加接近既定目标，今年7月份能源消耗的数据参考过去四年的数据进行了人为修正。修正后的数据显示自2006年至今能源消耗降低了15.6%。经济顾问公司GaveKal-Dragonomics的顾问Arthur Kroeber o认为中国会“适量”完成但不会超过其20%的既定目标。

Officials fret about being accused of failing on pollution. At Tai Lake, a veteran activist, Wu Lihong, was freed from prison in April after serving three years on what he says were trumped-up charges. He believes his term was retribution for his campaigning. Now, he says, local journalists tell him that the government is trying to suppress news about the latest algae outbreak. And contradicting their own rhetoric, the authorities have been switching to other supplies instead of lake water.
   

官员们为治污失败招来的指责感到苦恼。吴立红是一位经验丰富的环保斗士，声称自己因敲诈罪服刑三年，于今年4月份刑满释放。他表示自己被判刑罚是因为参与了游说活动。而目前当地记者透漏给他的消息称，政府正试图封锁最近绿藻泛滥的消息。而政府有关太湖的说辞也自相矛盾，一方面表示湖水没问题，一方面又放弃太湖转而利用其他水源来供给用水。

rhapsody

多谢楼主翻译O(∩_∩)O~

Kusiler

此贴要沉

青蛙小王子

太湖的蓝藻确实让人感到触目惊心啊~
我朋友几年前在太湖旁居住，那里的状况确实很糟糕啊
不晓得现在还是这样

百姓

环境的好坏应该也和GDP一样和当地的官员的升迁挂钩。。。。。

Peter_Wong

我周围的大河小河都是臭气熏天，农村几乎每个村庄周围都堆满垃圾

njhhnj

环境的好坏应该也和GDP一样和当地的官员的升迁挂钩。。。。。
百姓 发表于 2010-8-12 14:35

    不仅和官员有关和每个人都有关，你家的洗衣机排水是在阳台上的雨水管里吗？你的空调温度低吗？你一天洗几次澡？
其实环境和人的数量（人口）以及人的生活消耗（生活资料，能源等等）有关。只有控制这两个根本问题，才能解决环境问题。谁能控制？只不过是平衡发展和环保罢了。人是自私的，地球不需要人类！

百姓

不仅和官员有关和每个人都有关，你家的洗衣机排水是在阳台上的雨水管里吗？你的空调温度低吗？你一 ...
njhhnj 发表于 2010-8-13 01:29

    看来你还是没弄明白，在中国如果环境保护。政府不牵头，那地只能是越来越恶化，你的自身使用的多少并不能把已经砍伐的植被，已经污染的河流治理好，山西省右玉县60年前的县委书记开始到现在每一任都把植树造林当成的工作惯例（有资料图片的对比的）。。。。。
看看河道上的排污口，怕你数都数不过来，各种工厂企业和城市污水就那么直排到河中，最可怕就是医药厂和造纸厂对水的污染。。。。。。。那个太湖，还有N多个太湖。。。。就光靠你所说那些的就是你和你全家一生不洗澡或者是人类一生都不洗澡都没用。。。。。。
在各地追求GDP的情况下这些污染大户不治理，就光靠你说的能管用的话，我可以手洗衣服，坚持不洗澡，空调改扇子。。。。。。。。去到好多有水流的地方那排污真是触目惊心。。。。

青木川

不仅和官员有关和每个人都有关，你家的洗衣机排水是在阳台上的雨水管里吗？你的空调温度低吗？你一 ...
njhhnj 发表于 2010-8-13 01:29

中国的环境污染，是一个经济发展模式和社会治理的问题。

换而言之，整个社会的人的组织管理方式有问题。

我可以少吃肉、不开私家车，但是那些地方政府执意要和污染大户穿一条裤子的话，我等小民也毫无办法。

随缘

以经济建设为中心 这目标很明确

clbshi

回复 4# 青蛙小王子


    去年前年我都去过太湖

感觉现在太湖应该还不错吧

比一些江啊 河啊 要干净多了

汉界楚河

吴立红再也按捺不住激动了。他带我去了他家附近的一个村子，在当地官员的指示下，新房子排排站起，做起场面给前来视察污染治理措施的高层官员看。


造假村子名称“张家边生态自然村”，位于江苏省宜兴市周铁镇分水村境内。村子上住村书记张小燕“被老百姓戏称为地方一霸”，在村书记张小燕庇护下和黑心小企业主吴士英等人办起了有毒有害污染化工厂，他从中搭股获利。在2011年退休时，又和吴士英等搭股办了石块加工厂。该厂粉尘污染、洗冲的黄色水污染漕桥河进入太湖，超载的大汽车多次把乡镇路面压坏。村书记张小燕在自己本人庄上大兴花木假山和鱼塘，大量浪费执政党纳税人的血汗钱，并且勾结当年宜兴市书记蒋x亮，如此造假生态村迎各地来宾考察，地方群众多年反映无作用，一致怒怨党的腐败、、、、。

汉界楚河

请中央纪律检查委员会和监察部一查到底，严查宜兴市的蒋书记。从此人身上能牵引出江苏和中央江苏箱的一大批贪官。

汉界楚河

天下无贪 作者:新华社周方
作者:周方  | 2012年06月21日 18:40 | 栏目: 政治 原创
反腐败运动实施十多年来，贪官财富暴涨。上个世纪被揭露出来的“大贪官”跟现在的“小贪官”比，恐怕连死的心都有。 茂名副市长杨光亮房产140套.现金12亿.楚雄州长杨红卫房产230套.现金17亿.杭州市副市长许永迈房产250套.现金14亿.山西蒲县煤炭局长郝鹏俊房产350套.现金30亿.山东副省长黄胜房房产460套.现金90亿美元.浙江药监局长黄萌房产840套.现金20亿。

前段时间听人说印度、马来西亚等国比中国还腐败。希望哪天当面听他们谈谈，请他们举出哪怕一个外国贪官猛过中国贪官的例子。 大家可能都奇怪铁道部腐败窝案怎么没动静了。原因很简单，涉案数额太大，不知道怎么判了。铁道部政企合一，权力高度集中，再加上高层糊涂，把纳税人的钱堆在铁道部门口让他们自己往兜里搁，弄得部长局长们都不好意思不拿了。现在案发了，领导们都一推六二五，好像钱都是自己长了腿往铁道部长口袋里跑的。铁道系统的各级官员们拿钱的方式很独特，绝无仅有：铁路系统有多少品种的零部件就有多少对应的公司来负责供货。更奇特的是，这些公司的股份一般也都是“均匀”地分配给相关领导。也就是说，某家公司如果专供冰箱，那么主管领导肯定在这个公司里占一半股份。十分公平。铁路系统广大领导干部们深谙“不患不公，患不均”的真理，很少“吃独食”。所以在铁路系统查案子，要么就是一大窝，要么就是最后查出个廉政模范。如今铁道部为何坚决拒绝体制改革，就是因为目前的体制很好，很“公平”。某位院士就一再声称铁道系统不可能有严重腐败。连铁路系统“德高望重”的“老知识分子”都这么说，可见这个体制有多么“公平”啊。我个人以为，铁道部“窝案”最后很可能查出一大窝“廉政模范”来。最后说不定会像无锡市委书记那样按照“两个情妇”的标准从轻发落，降级退休。中国的反贪部门是干什么的？主要是掩护腐败的。比如发现一个贪官，纪检部门首先就会设法与方方面面“勾兑”，最终决定给这位贪官的赃款定一个数额，以便“满足”司法审判量刑的需要。比如前深圳市委书记许宗衡，案发于他竟然分别送给三位高官每人一个烟箱的现金——2000万。三位高官被眼前的现金吓坏了，以为是纪检部门试探自己，赶紧上交了事。后来发现许宗衡至少贪污受贿了200亿元。可惜这厮一路都是靠送钱上来的，假如完全据实查处，恐怕要牵连出许多领导。最后纪检部门给他“定额”两亿元，司法部门据此判处死缓了事。再举一个远的例子。当年搞乱首钢的“四方案”，首钢为此损失数百亿，负债146亿。此案主犯周北方原本死到临头了，不料有人力保。最终判决书下来时我们都感动得几乎落泪了：周北方犯的竟然是行贿罪。判决书写道：周北方为了家人移民香港，向两位港商行贿900万港币。真是一位好丈夫！好父亲！应该被评为“20世纪感动中国的人”。 再说说咱们的组织系统是怎么选人的。就拿“公示”来讲也是有学问的。我看江苏省委组织部最近在公示一批拟任苏南城市党政副职的领导干部。其中很有讲究。比如前宜兴市委书记蒋洪亮这次是以“江阴市委书记”的身份公示的，拟任无锡市委副书记。省委组织部为什么要舍近求远，硬把在宜兴干得热火朝天的蒋书记先平调到江阴一年后再来公示呢？道理很简单。假如一年前让蒋洪亮以“宜兴市委书记”的身份公示的话，定会惹来大麻烦。因为宜兴人民的告状信堆积如山。其他腐败问题暂且不提，单单一个土地问题肯定就会让他彻底“挂”掉。好在这些年他仗着“上面有人”，总能逢凶化吉。这也是“江苏特色”。江苏省委组织部门做这种事情特别老道，有起死回生的本领。骂名再大的干部被他们这么三转两忽悠地很快就能洗得干干净净。如果有人还继续告蒋书记宜兴任上的事，省委组织部完全可以置之不理，因为那些事情早过去了。蒋书记在江阴干得很不错，一点儿“污点”也没有——江阴人民根本不认识他，自然也不会有人告他。江苏人的聪明和智慧被当地的组织部门发扬光大到了极致！正因为如此，江苏发现个贪官很不容易。当然，偶然也会失蹄。比如苏州曾经被《人民日报》誉为“没有出过一个贪官”。话音刚落就有一个副市级落马被判了重刑。顺便提一句，蒋洪亮不是一般的好同志，当年他在涟水市委书记任上为前省委书记父母修建了个豪华公墓，感动得“老书记”死活都要提携他。其实当初将他转移、“雪藏”到江阴也是迫不得已。因为之前推荐蒋洪亮去南通、常州任市长，竟然遭到当地百姓官员的一致抵制。最后才不得不将他先平调到江阴“洗一洗”。但愿这次公示蒋书记能够平安过度，毕竟这位长着一副淳朴农民模样的官员混到这一步很不容易，亲家还指望他能保佑着把他违法批给的宜兴东汣边上那块黄金宝地开发完呢。可怜的无锡市委书记当初只是因为传说中区区的4000万差点儿吃官司，蒋洪亮一家的资产至少可以乘上百倍。如果此次蒋书记平安“升级”的话，我只有两个要求：第一，别继续再贪了。适可而止是为俊杰也。第二，帮着吴立红安排个好工作。他被你迫害得虽然家未破，但人却差点儿亡。最后，我希望从此以后江苏的贪官们都金盆洗手，天下无贪。
注：转帖者谨向原作者周方先生致谢。

汉界楚河

作者:周方  | 2012年06月21日 18:40 | 栏目: 政治 原创
反腐败运动实施十多年来，贪官财富暴涨。上个世纪被揭露出来的“大贪官”跟现在的“小贪官”比，恐怕连死的心都有。 茂名副市长杨光亮房产140套.现金12亿.楚雄州长杨红卫房产230套.现金17亿.杭州市副市长许永迈房产250套.现金14亿.山西蒲县煤炭局长郝鹏俊房产350套.现金30亿.山东副省长黄胜房房产460套.现金90亿美元.浙江药监局长黄萌房产840套.现金20亿。

前段时间听人说印度、马来西亚等国比中国还腐败。希望哪天当面听他们谈谈，请他们举出哪怕一个外国贪官猛过中国贪官的例子。 大家可能都奇怪铁道部腐败窝案怎么没动静了。原因很简单，涉案数额太大，不知道怎么判了。铁道部政企合一，权力高度集中，再加上高层糊涂，把纳税人的钱堆在铁道部门口让他们自己往兜里搁，弄得部长局长们都不好意思不拿了。现在案发了，领导们都一推六二五，好像钱都是自己长了腿往铁道部长口袋里跑的。铁道系统的各级官员们拿钱的方式很独特，绝无仅有：铁路系统有多少品种的零部件就有多少对应的公司来负责供货。更奇特的是，这些公司的股份一般也都是“均匀”地分配给相关领导。也就是说，某家公司如果专供冰箱，那么主管领导肯定在这个公司里占一半股份。十分公平。铁路系统广大领导干部们深谙“不患不公，患不均”的真理，很少“吃独食”。所以在铁路系统查案子，要么就是一大窝，要么就是最后查出个廉政模范。如今铁道部为何坚决拒绝体制改革，就是因为目前的体制很好，很“公平”。某位院士就一再声称铁道系统不可能有严重腐败。连铁路系统“德高望重”的“老知识分子”都这么说，可见这个体制有多么“公平”啊。我个人以为，铁道部“窝案”最后很可能查出一大窝“廉政模范”来。最后说不定会像无锡市委书记那样按照“两个情妇”的标准从轻发落，降级退休。中国的反贪部门是干什么的？主要是掩护腐败的。比如发现一个贪官，纪检部门首先就会设法与方方面面“勾兑”，最终决定给这位贪官的赃款定一个数额，以便“满足”司法审判量刑的需要。比如前深圳市委书记许宗衡，案发于他竟然分别送给三位高官每人一个烟箱的现金——2000万。三位高官被眼前的现金吓坏了，以为是纪检部门试探自己，赶紧上交了事。后来发现许宗衡至少贪污受贿了200亿元。可惜这厮一路都是靠送钱上来的，假如完全据实查处，恐怕要牵连出许多领导。最后纪检部门给他“定额”两亿元，司法部门据此判处死缓了事。再举一个远的例子。当年搞乱首钢的“四方案”，首钢为此损失数百亿，负债146亿。此案主犯周北方原本死到临头了，不料有人力保。最终判决书下来时我们都感动得几乎落泪了：周北方犯的竟然是行贿罪。判决书写道：周北方为了家人移民香港，向两位港商行贿900万港币。真是一位好丈夫！好父亲！应该被评为“20世纪感动中国的人”。 再说说咱们的组织系统是怎么选人的。就拿“公示”来讲也是有学问的。我看江苏省委组织部最近在公示一批拟任苏南城市党政副职的领导干部。其中很有讲究。比如前宜兴市委书记蒋洪亮这次是以“江阴市委书记”的身份公示的，拟任无锡市委副书记。省委组织部为什么要舍近求远，硬把在宜兴干得热火朝天的蒋书记先平调到江阴一年后再来公示呢？道理很简单。假如一年前让蒋洪亮以“宜兴市委书记”的身份公示的话，定会惹来大麻烦。因为宜兴人民的告状信堆积如山。其他腐败问题暂且不提，单单一个土地问题肯定就会让他彻底“挂”掉。好在这些年他仗着“上面有人”，总能逢凶化吉。这也是“江苏特色”。江苏省委组织部门做这种事情特别老道，有起死回生的本领。骂名再大的干部被他们这么三转两忽悠地很快就能洗得干干净净。如果有人还继续告蒋书记宜兴任上的事，省委组织部完全可以置之不理，因为那些事情早过去了。蒋书记在江阴干得很不错，一点儿“污点”也没有——江阴人民根本不认识他，自然也不会有人告他。江苏人的聪明和智慧被当地的组织部门发扬光大到了极致！正因为如此，江苏发现个贪官很不容易。当然，偶然也会失蹄。比如苏州曾经被《人民日报》誉为“没有出过一个贪官”。话音刚落就有一个副市级落马被判了重刑。顺便提一句，蒋洪亮不是一般的好同志，当年他在涟水市委书记任上为前省委书记父母修建了个豪华公墓，感动得“老书记”死活都要提携他。其实当初将他转移、“雪藏”到江阴也是迫不得已。因为之前推荐蒋洪亮去南通、常州任市长，竟然遭到当地百姓官员的一致抵制。最后才不得不将他先平调到江阴“洗一洗”。但愿这次公示蒋书记能够平安过度，毕竟这位长着一副淳朴农民模样的官员混到这一步很不容易，亲家还指望他能保佑着把他违法批给的宜兴东汣边上那块黄金宝地开发完呢。可怜的无锡市委书记当初只是因为传说中区区的4000万差点儿吃官司，蒋洪亮一家的资产至少可以乘上百倍。如果此次蒋书记平安“升级”的话，我只有两个要求：第一，别继续再贪了。适可而止是为俊杰也。第二，帮着吴立红安排个好工作。他被你迫害得虽然家未破，但人却差点儿亡。最后，我希望从此以后江苏的贪官们都金盆洗手，天下无贪。
注：转帖者谨向原作者周方先生致谢。

汉界楚河

吴立红连线颁奖会 邀奥巴马来看太湖
世界日報    記者高梓原／洛杉磯報導   首次发布时间:18.08.2013
图：大陆民间环保人士吴立红通过越洋电话接受洛杉矶视觉艺术家协会颁发捍卫言论自由奖。左起：协会主席刘雅雅，吴立红女儿吴韵蕾和太太许洁华。（摄影：刘菲）
【2013年08月19日讯】（记者刘菲洛杉矶报导）被誉为“太湖之子”、“太湖卫士”，曾经被中共当局判刑3年至今仍受到严密监控的民间环保人士吴立红，8月17日通过越洋电话接通了洛杉矶“视觉艺术家协会”为其颁发“捍卫言论自由奖”的现场。一个月前已经抵达美国的太太和女儿则出席了颁奖典礼。
吴立红表示：“我非常感谢你们给我颁奖，我现在在国内无法参加这个活动，只能让家人领奖。我的处境很不好。”此次颁奖典礼来之不易。视觉艺术家协会早在5月筹办陆四纪念会时已拟定给吴立红颁奖，却因吴立红本人被禁止出国、家人申请护照受阻、现场打电话受阻等种种原因未成功，直到3个月后的今天，在吴立红太太许洁华和女儿吴韵蕾终于抵达美国后，才于周六将奖杯正式颁发给吴立红的家人。
图：洛杉矶“视觉艺术家协会”将奖杯发给中国民间环保人士吴立红的家人。（摄影：刘菲）
因讲真话人权遭践踏 怕女儿回国前途被毁
吴立红认为，他之所以不能出国，是因为曾经上书胡温关注太湖污染问题，去年又在《纽约时报》做广告呼吁习近平重视环保。“我做的事情惊动了每一届中央领导，所以政府很头疼。为什么他们要头疼，因为他们在说谎。”他指出中国的污染问题根本原因来自“腐败”和“官商勾结”。
吴立红家住太湖边的宜兴，目睹儿时的青山绿水、鱼螺富生的太湖被数百家企业排出的化工废料所污染，从90年代末开始，他就为太湖环保呼吁，却被多次打压。2007年他被当局诬陷诈骗罪判刑3年，期间遭受刑讯逼供，至今身体上还有被警察用烟头烧黑的痕迹。“由于我敢说真话，才导致这样被践踏人权，”经常收到死亡威胁的吴立红说，此次获奖激怒了大陆官员，安全人员看到吴韵蕾在美国和王卫林挡坦克的照片合影，已经对他发出威胁。“我知道如果我女儿回到中国，工作生活都将举步维艰。她刚从学校出来，我害怕毁掉她的一生。我希望女儿在美国学习、工作，不要再回到中国，跟我一样被迫害。”
他邀请奥巴马来看太湖，还悲惨地补充说：“今后你们听不到我的声音，我就被他们秘密地消失掉了。”

执著环保 曾经被视为神经病
吴立红几十年的环保路走的十分艰辛也十分执著，不仅遭到官方打压，也曾经得不到民众的理解，甚至被视为神经病。许洁华回忆说：“吴立红管环保的事，开始时不受民众支持。大家都忙着挣钱，谁管污染呀。大家说他是脑子有病，‘如果以后环境污染对大家有害的话，也不是你个人的事，是大家的事’，所以还十分责怪他。到后来环境污染越来越严重时，大片的禾苗枯萎，鱼塘的鱼都死了，癌症病人越来越多，大家才意识到吴立红做的对，都支持他。”她说，由于太湖污染严重，从2007年开始当地居民已经不敢喝太湖水，而改喝附近横山水库的水。
吴韵蕾在用中英文向与会者介绍父亲的环保历程时讲了一个小故事：在吴立红上书中央后，2001年温家宝视察太湖，地方官员临时让工厂停工、清理水源、将买的鱼投放到湖里，造成一幅“鱼跃龙腾”的景象。她描述了当地官员把和温家宝的合影挂在墙上，百姓看了还很自豪的讽刺一幕，感叹：温家宝只看到被人投放到湖里的活鱼，而没看到他走后的死鱼。
图：吴立红女儿吴韵蕾做演讲。（摄影：刘菲）
刘雅雅：中国表面繁华下掩盖着吴立红这样人的血汗
洛杉矶视觉艺术家协会会长刘雅雅（Ann Lau）称赞吴立红坐牢也不放弃环保的精神值得表彰。她说：“我们到中国旅游，看到的尽是摩天大楼、拥挤的商店、工厂生产的漂亮家具……但是你看不到中国实际发生的事情，除非和愿意讲真相的本地人交谈。他们（政府）让你看到都是他们想让你看到的景象。在这表面的繁华之下，却是吴立红这样的人士为改善生存环境而付出的血汗。”
提出“水是人权”的前加州州众议员伍国庆同获表彰
当天同时获奖的还有前加州州众议员、现任洛杉矶社区学院理事伍国庆（Mike Eng）。在选民的要求下，伍国庆向州议会提出历史性提案AB 685，规定每个加州人有获得安全、洁净、便利水源的权利。经过2年的游说、辩论，该法案获得通过，并于去年9月经州长布朗（Jerry Brown）签署生效，使加州成为全美首个将饮水权定义为人权的州。
图：前加州州众议员、现任洛杉矶社区学院理事伍国庆（Mike Eng）因提出“水是人权”的AB 685提案而同时获奖。（摄影：刘菲）
“我们需要更多像你们这样的组织向决策者施压，”伍国庆在向视觉艺术家协会成员发表获奖感言时表示：“我只是在日渐形成的洪流中加入了一滴水，希望这洪流能推动世界上的政府保证我们拥有安全、清洁和可负担得起的水源，因为这是我们的权利，就像呼吸新鲜空气一样。” 比较伍国庆和吴立红的工作，刘雅雅说：“一个是官员，一个是普通公民。伍先生倾听了民意并做出反应……他给地方官员做出了好榜样，中国的地方官员也应该对其民众所关心的问题做出反应。”
华人市议员陈赞新声援吴立红
此次颁奖首次为南加华人社区所熟知的华裔民选官员提供了关注中国人权的机会。今年3月新当选蒙特利公园市（Monerey Park）市议员的陈赞新（Peter Chan）出席颁奖典礼并表示：“吴先生为保护中国水质量做出杰出贡献，很遗憾他不能来洛杉矶。”
他说：“环保与政治无关。饮水质量不仅是一个人一个国家的问题，它影响整个世界。……我很高兴在中国有吴先生这样的人士为水和环保而呼吁，提高人们的环保意识，我希望这件好事继续下去。”

图：洛杉矶蒙市华裔市议员陈赞新（Peter Chan）出席颁奖典礼并发言。（摄影：刘菲）
“每一个伟大男人的后面都有一个伟大的女人”
吴立红因提倡环保而被老板辞退，20多年来家庭收入只能靠太太许洁华一人。吴韵蕾说：“每一个伟大男人的后面都有一个伟大的女人，我的母亲就是一个伟大的女人。”许洁华打两份工，每天工作16小时，供女儿上学和家庭支出。吴立红坐牢期间，她还把国家环保总局告上法庭，但之后什么也没发生，污染大户并未受到惩罚。  “她最大的工作就是保护了我，”吴韵蕾说，对母亲的感激溢于言表。颁奖会结束，许洁华表示将回国陪伴丈夫，女儿吴韵蕾则决定留在美国求学，学习环保来支持父亲。但是她说，家里生活拮据，从来没有供她出国留学的计划，如果没有奖学金，学费将是个问题。◇
記者高梓原／洛杉磯報導      世界新聞網    北美新聞

汉界楚河

吴立红妻女突破监控抵洛杉矶   盼国际社会关注太湖污染问题

吴立红荣获捍卫杰出言论自由奖
【2013年08月02日訊】（記者劉菲洛杉磯聖蓋博報導）今年535前夕榮獲美國人權團體「視覺藝術家協會」頒發「捍衛言論自由獎」、卻因護照受阻未能出席頒獎典禮的中國江蘇民間環保人士吳立紅之妻女近日抵達洛杉磯，於7月31日首次接受媒體採訪。 因關注太湖汙染2005年獲得中國十大民間環保傑出人物稱號的吳立紅，2007年卻被當局捏造罪名判刑3年，出獄後仍被嚴密監控。因他本人無法拿到護照，妻子許潔華、女兒吳韻蕾決定代他出國領獎。然而妻女申請護照也受阻撓，未能趕上5月26日的頒獎晚會。當晚主辦單位擬用越洋電話頒獎亦未成功。視覺藝術家協會會長劉雅雅（Ann Lau）表示不會就此放棄，待吳立紅母女能夠來美時將補辦特別頒獎典禮。時隔近兩個月後的7月19日，母女二人終於成行。女兒吳韻蕾形容此次簽證過程「順利中帶著一點小驚險，驚險的就是我們發現拿簽證的時候被人跟了……」
16小時拿到簽證 疑國保跟蹤 美領館每隔一小時電話問平安
據吳韻蕾介紹，拿到護照後她在第一時間就告訴了劉雅雅。劉雅雅聯繫美國領事館，並叮囑他們趕緊到上海簽證準備赴美。「於是我們禮拜四（7月18日）下午就過去了，5點鐘領事館要關門，4點半我們到、他們沒讓我們排隊就直接進去面試了，第二天早上8點多鐘就給我們簽證。」
除了簽證神速，美領館工作人員還不斷打電話確保她們的安全。「在拿簽證之前，他們幾乎每隔一個小時就打電話給我們，說『你們到哪裏了，有沒有甚麼意外？』然後我們到了那邊（領館）之後，他們又帶著我們，因為平常需要排隊，他們怕有甚麼事情會阻礙我們拿簽證的腳步，所以派一個人專門帶著我們見他們最高級別的長官，給我們做面試，然後讓我們找一個比較近的旅館去住，等他們的電話。第二天早上很早，8點鐘一上班就立刻打電話給我們說你們趕緊來拿簽證。拿簽證的時候我們也沒有排隊。核對了身分後直接就給我們了。在去往機場的路上，他們也是幾乎一個小時就給我們打一個電話。」
吳韻蕾把發現有人跟蹤的消息告知劉雅雅，劉雅雅於是預訂了當晚的機票，並敦促她們趕緊去浦東機場安檢候機。就這樣，在美領館和劉雅雅的幫助下，如同上演美劇《24小時》現實版，母女二人轉眼間抵達美國。吳韻蕾剛從南京林業大學畢業，此次赴美領獎屢次受挫，除了護照遲遲拿不到，她原定5月19日的論文答辯也被學校推遲到頒獎晚會之後的27日。她說如果讓她講獲獎感言「我最最感激的就是美國領事館還有安（Ann Lau），他們真是對我非常好，他們有保護到我的權益。我在中國的時候，沒有被我自己的國家保護……我不是說我反對政府，我很喜歡中國的文化，我是中國人，但是這確實是我最大最直接的感受。」「在中國的時候要拿護照，要自己活得自由自在感覺是這麼的難，可是美國領事館有幫到我，我不是美國公民他們這麼掏心掏肺地幫我，我很感動。」
女兒曾經認為父親是罪犯
吳立紅是江蘇省宜興市周鐵鎮的農民，周鐵鎮處在太湖的西北角，數不清的小河汊從此經過，在此匯聚，然後注入太湖。便利的取水和天然的排汙渠道，使化工產業在周鐵興盛。為了保護自己的家園，吳立紅鍥而不捨地揭露化工廠對太湖的汙染，被媒體譽為「太湖衛士」「環保英雄」，然而20年來吳立紅一家為此付出了沉重的代價。女兒吳韻蕾說，此前她曾拒絕接受媒體採訪，原因是「很多記者來我們家採訪，他們總是讓我們說同樣的話，做同樣的事情，一遍一遍的重複，可是我爸爸還在牢裏面，甚麼也做不了，那麼說這些話有甚麼意思呢（有時候我在想）。所以一般情況下我是不願意接受採訪的。我媽媽也想保護我。如果我的名字上了報紙，可能我的生活就翻天覆地。」即便沒有翻天覆地，吳韻蕾從小就感到了生活的壓抑卻無力抗爭：「首先是不能說真話，而且我不知道和誰去說。第一我父親被冤枉了，我向誰去舉報投訴呢？第二，如果我和同學說這樣的事情，他們可能不了解，在我們的記憶當中好像隻有殺人犯罪犯之類的才要坐牢的。我覺得中國人是很麻木的，他們不會同情你，他們隻會說：啊，你看，吳韻蕾的爸爸是罪犯，然後會怎樣呢。所以我從來沒有和不怎麼親密的同學說這樣的事，隻和我的閨蜜說過這些事情。」
「我有懷疑我父親是錯的。因為在我很小的時候總是有各種各樣的人來找他，有化工廠的員工來找他，旁邊種地的農民來找他，社會上的小流氓來找他，警察也來找他，而且都是和我們對立的。有一回警察把我爸爸帶走了，我就問我媽媽：為甚麼警察要把我爸爸帶走呢？因為在我們的認知當中警察從來隻抓罪犯的。然後我媽說：你爸爸做的是對的。我現在不和你解釋，解釋你也不懂。以後你長大以後就會懂的，可是我總是長不大，所以之前我總是和父親對抗的，因為在我的認知裏他就是罪犯，不然怎麼會有這麼多亂其八糟的人來找他呢？」
要為父親呼籲 不願再做被要挾的砝碼
2007年到2010年吳立紅被冠以敲詐勒索罪判刑3年。妻子許潔華說，每次去探望都「不便說話」：「旁邊有很多人監視著。我們是宜興人，監獄也在宜興……所以我們說土話。但是他們不讓我們說土話，要說普通話，便於監視。後來我聽旁邊人都可以說土話，我們為甚麼不可以，但是就不可以，我們一說就給他們打斷了。這3年裏（探視的）主要目的就是看他在裏面是否安全，別的信息一點都不知道。」
她說：「吳立紅在2010年出來以後，說很氣憤，最氣憤的是，開始進去的時候，5天6夜刑訊逼供，有一個人審問他、打他，還說這樣的話：吳立紅，我早就想教訓你，現在就要好好教訓你……我要把你搞臭，要把你女兒搞的去做坐台小姐。」「吳立紅說你們不能刑訊逼供，他們說：刑訊逼供，誰看到了？沒有證據。」
長大的吳韻蕾不意再做被要挾的砝碼，而要在美國為父親呼籲：「因為我父親是不可以出來的，他們很明確的說過2007年給他判的欺诈罪也是虚假的，而真的罪名是政治性判诀，不可以拿護照的。我們希望可以呼籲全世界的媒體讓大家都知道我父親的事跡，我希望我可以學到一些更專業的東西來幫助我父親。他想做的就是把太湖復原，讓周圍的百姓活的更加自由自在。我希望我不要成為父親受威脅的因素。我希望我和他站在同一個陣線上，幫助他對抗。」
有別陳光誠的高調軟禁  中共政府對吳立紅上演另一種監控秀
被軟禁在山東臨沂家中的盲人維權律師陳光誠曾經吸引各路媒體甚至好萊塢影星前去探望，去年他的成功出逃更是登上世界媒體的頭條。吳韻蕾認為，相比於陳光誠的高調監控，当地政府採取的是另一種監控秀。她說：「我們的政府的話，我覺得應該是搞了一個噱頭。好像我父親是很行動自由的，其實24小時我們都有人跟著，前後門都有。可能後來來的媒體記者比較多，都是外媒，不好看，他們就把人改成了照相機和攝影頭，放在我們家村口的拐角處，我們所有的行動他們都知道。」
許潔華說吳立紅出獄後，要求拿護照不行，但國保一開始對他還算客氣。吳韻蕾認為這是政府在作秀：「如果有外媒拍到他們老跟著我們形象上可能不好。所以他們可以跟我們做朋友，大家好像是好朋友一樣一起喝茶聊天，即使你拍更多的照片也是一幅和樂融融的畫面，我覺得這是一個秀。」
監控電子郵件 國保搶先得知吳立紅獲獎
除了跟蹤監視，吳立紅一家的網絡和電話通訊同樣被嚴密監控。吳韻蕾說：「還有我們的email。我第一次和安接觸的時候我用英文給她發了一封信，第二天就有國保來找我說：你居然還會英文。好像你的英文還不錯，你寫了哪些事情和怎樣。可是這些事情我沒有和別人講過。沒有人知道為甚麼他們會知道呢？！
還有一個X先生從國外給我們打了一通電話，第二天國保的人就說：你知道昨天和你電話的人是誰嗎？他以前是從國家逃出去的人，如果你跟他接觸多的話你會被冠上裏通外國的罪名。你知道他現在的結局是甚麼樣嗎？他有很多親戚在中國，但他回不來，我們不讓他回來的。」在嚴密的監控下，國保甚至比吳立紅一家更早得知他獲獎的消息，並因此發出威脅。「因為我們的email被它截斷了，我們的email比國保收到的還晚。他說國外有個甚麼獎要你們去參加，你在去參加的時候不要亂講話。我們自己國內的事情我們自己解決，大家是一家人，你跟外國講話的話性質就不一樣了。即使你坐飛機飛回來到了上海也入不了關，我們會把你至於一個這樣的境地。」
「他們當時還給了我們一份文件給我父親看，說法律有規定應該怎樣怎樣，但是我父親沒有理他們，直接就把它扔在垃圾桶裏面了。因為我們說的都是我們真正發生過、真正經歷過的事情，我們沒必要講假話。」

汉界楚河

[纽约时报] 太湖水危机Water crsis in Tai Lake
Water crsis in Tai Lake 太湖水危机    digest from Newyork Times
ZHOUTIE, China — Lake Tai, the center of China’s ancient “land of fish and rice,” succumbed this year to floods of industrial and agricultural waste.周铁，中国——太湖，中国古代“鱼米之乡”的中心，遭受了今年洪水般的工业和农业废水的蹂躏。
This is the third in a series of articles and multimedia examining the human toll, global impact and political challenge of China's epic pollution crisis.Environmental activist Wu Lihong with petitions against pollution.这是第三次在一系列的文章和媒体调查中的警钟，具有全球影响和政治挑战中国大规模的污染危机。环境主义者Wu Lihong请求应对污染问题。Toxic cyanobacteria, commonly referred to as pond scum, turned the big lake fluorescent green. The stench of decay choked anyone who came within a mile of its shores. At least two million people who live amid the canals, rice paddies and chemical plants around the lake had to stop drinking or cooking with their main source of water.有毒蓝藻，通常也被称为绿藻，使太湖整个湖体成为荧光绿色。腐烂的恶臭令任何走近湖畔一英里的人都感到窒息。至少有两百万人住在运河区，周围的水稻田和化工厂都不得不停止使用他们的主水源来饮用和做饭。The outbreak confirmed the claims of a crusading peasant, Wu Lihong, who protested for more than a decade that the region’s thriving chemical industry, and its powerful friends in the local government, were destroying one of China’s ecological treasures.（蓝藻的）爆发证实了吴立红Wu Lihong，为此抗议了十多年的农民斗士的断言，地区中繁荣的化工业和它在当地政府中强力的朋友联手破坏了这个中国生态财产之一的湖区。Mr. Wu, however, bore silent witness. Shortly before the algae crisis erupted in May, the authorities here in his hometown arrested him. In mid-August, with a fetid smell still wafting off the lake, a local court sentenced him to three years on an alchemy of charges that smacked of official retribution.然而，吴先生，烦人的沉默的证人。在五月的藻类危机爆发的不久之前，被他家乡的当地政府逮捕了。在八月中旬，湖面上仍然飘散着恶臭，当地政府指控他犯有煽动罪判了三年监禁，这有点像公报私仇。Pollution has reached epidemic proportions in China, in part because the ruling Communist Party still treats environmental advocates as bigger threats than the degradation of air, water and soil that prompts them to speak out.污染在中国已经成为大范围的问题，部分因为执政的共产党仍然视环境主义者为比促使他们大声疾呼的空气和水土退化更为严重的威胁。Senior officials have tried to address environmental woes mostly through pulling the traditional levers of China’s authoritarian system: issuing command quotas on energy efficiency and emissions reduction; punishing corrupt officials who shield polluters; planting billions of trees across the country to hold back deserts and absorb carbon dioxide.高官们试图主要通过中国集权体制的传统手段来应对环境灾难：推出节能减排的强制性指标；惩罚庇护污染者的贪腐官员；在全国种植数以亿计的树木来阻挡沙漠和吸收二氧化碳。But they do not dare to unleash individuals who want to make China cleaner. Grass-roots environmentalists arguably do more to expose abuses than any edict emanating from Beijing. But they face a political climate that varies from lukewarm tolerance to icy suppression.但是他们不敢释放那些希望中国更加清洁的个人。草根环境保护份子事实上比北京发布的任何法令都更多地揭露了这些弊端。但是他们面对的一个与淡漠宽容的政治氛围不同的是冷漠的镇压。Fixing the environment is, in other words, a political problem. Central party officials say they need people to report polluters and hold local governments to account. They granted legal status to private citizens’ groups in 1994 and have allowed environmentalism to emerge as an incipient social force.恢复生态环境，换句话说，是政治问题。党中央的官员说他们需要人们告发污染者和要求当地政府加强重视。他们在1994年给民间公民组织批准合法地位，允许环境保护主义者形成基本的社会力量。But local officials in China get ahead mainly by generating high rates of economic growth and ensuring social order. They have wide latitude to achieve those goals, including nearly complete control over the police and the courts in their domains. They have little enthusiasm for environmentalists who appeal over their heads to higher-ups in the capital.但是中国地方官员取得晋升主要基于高经济增长率和确保社会秩序。他们有很大的言论权去达成这些目标，包括他们辖区内警力和法庭几乎完全的控制。他们对于越过他们头顶直接向首都上级领导上访的环保主义者很是反感。Mr. Wu, a jaunty, 40-year-old former factory salesman, pioneered a style of intrepid, media-savvy environmental work that made Lake Tai, and the hundreds of chemical factories on its shores, the focus of intense regulatory scrutiny.吴先生，一个踌躇满志的人，40岁的前工厂销售员，无畏的先驱，，并懂得如何跟媒体合作，结果使太湖和湖边上百家化工厂成为媒体和政府监察的焦点。（使太湖和它岸边化工厂的环境保护工作为媒体熟知的人，成了限制审查的对象。）In 2005 he was declared an “Environmental Warrior” by the National People’s Congress. His address book contained cellphone numbers for officials in Beijing and the provincial capital of Nanjing who outranked the party bosses where he lived.在2005年他被人民代表大会宣称为“环境斗士”。他的电话簿上有北京官员和在南京的江苏省政府官员的手机号码，他们的官职都远高于他家乡的官员。But Mr. Wu was far from untouchable. He lost his job. His wife lost hers. The police summoned, detained and interrogated him. The local government and factory owners also tried for years to bring him into the fold with contracts, gifts and jobs. When party officials offered him a chance to profit handsomely from a pollution cleanup contract, a friend warned him not to accept. Mr. Wu, who needed the money, said yes.但吴立洪先生远不是不受管制的。他丢了他的工作，他的妻子也是。警察传唤，拘留和审讯了他。当地政府和工厂主多年来也谋划用合同、礼物和工作把他投入陷阱。当地党的官员提供了他一个从污染治理合同中体面地挣钱的机会，他的一个朋友警告他不要接受。但是非常需要钱的吴先生答应了。
Lake of Plenty资源丰富的湖The country’s third largest freshwater body, Lake Tai, or Taihu in Chinese, has long provided the people of the lower Yangtze River Delta with both their wealth and their conception of natural beauty.中国第三大淡水体系——太湖，长期为人们和长江下游地区提供财富资源和对自然美的观念。It nurtured a bounty of the “three whites,” white shrimp, whitebait and whitefish, and a freshwater crustacean delicacy called the hairy crab. Natural and man-made streams irrigated rice paddies, and a network of canals ferried that produce far and wide.它养育了大量的“三白”，白虾，银鱼和白鲑，和一种称为毛蟹的甲壳类美味佳肴。天然和人造的小河灌溉了稻田，运河水系提供了更为丰富的航运摆渡。Along the lake’s northern reaches, near the city of Wuxi, placid waters and misty hills captured the imagination of Chinese for hundreds of years. The wealthy built gardens that featured the lake’s wrinkled, water-scarred limestone rocks set in groves of bamboo and chrysanthemum. 沿湖的北岸靠近无锡，平静的水面和烟雾笼罩的山是几百年来中国人的想像中的美好画面。富人以褶皱的、水磨穿的石灰石来建造庭院，把太湖石置放在竹林和菊花丛中。Since the 1950s, however, Lake Tai has been under assault. The authorities constructed dams and weirs to improve irrigation and control floods, disrupting the cleansing circulation of fresh water. Phosphates and other pollution-borne nutrients made the lake eutrophic, sucking out oxygen that fish need to survive.Even in its degraded state, Lake Tai made an ideal habitat for China’s chemical industry, which expanded prolifically in the 1980s. Chemical factories consume and discharge large quantities of water, which the lake provided and absorbed. Its canals made it easy to ship goods to the big industrial port city of Shanghai, downstream.但是自从1950年代以来，太湖开始遭受侵袭。当地政府修筑了水坝和围堰来加强灌溉和控制洪水，中断了湖水的自净循环。磷酸盐和其它污染性和营养物质使湖水富营养化，吸掉了大量鱼赖以生存的氧气。即使在它退化的状态下，太湖成了在1980年代剧烈扩张的中国化工业理想的繁衍地。化工厂消耗和排放了太湖的大量的水。它的运河使用船装运货物到下游的大工业城市上海更为方便。With strong local government support, the northern arc of Lake Tai became home to 2,800 chemical plants, most of them small cinder-block factories that took over rice paddies beside canals.由于当地政府的强力支持，太湖北部湾成了2800家化工厂的基地，它们大部分都是小化工小煤砖厂，占据了运河边的许多稻田。Mr. Wu’s hometown alone had 300 such plants. His narrow village road was reinforced with concrete to withstand the weight of cargo trucks. Factories here made food additives, solvents and adhesives.吴先生的家乡就有300个这样的工厂。他狭长的村公路被混凝土加固来承载运货卡车的重量。这里的工厂制造食品添加剂，溶剂和胶粘剂。The industry transformed the economy. By the mid-1990s, taxes on chemical industry profits accounted for four-fifths of local government revenue, according to a report from the city of Yixing, which oversees Zhoutie.工业改变了经济。根据一份检查周铁的宜兴市的报告，到1990年代中期，化工业的缴税总计达当地政府收入的五分之四。Mr. Wu benefited as well. In his early 20s, he got a salaried job as salesman for a factory that made soundproofing material. It allowed him to travel around the country, and paid nice commissions on his sales. His wife, Xu Jiehua, made dyes.吴先生也由此获益。在他20出头的时候，他在一家制造隔音材料的工厂做销售员的工作。这使他周游全国，从他的销售中获得可观的提成。他的妻子许洁华制造染料。Mr. Wu took long walks after dinner. The acrid tinge in the cool night air was the smell of prosperity to some locals. But it nauseated him, Mr. Wu recalled in later interviews.吴先生在晚饭后散步了很久。夜晚的冷空气中的辛辣气味是当地繁荣的气息。但是这让他作呕，吴先生在后来的会见中回忆到。In streams where he and Ms. Xu played as children, teeming whitefish used to tickle their legs. By the early 1990s, there were no fish in the streams, which ran black and red. “Rivers of blood,” Ms. Xu quoted him as saying.在吴先生夫妇儿时玩耍的溪流中，数量丰富的白鲑经常挠他们双腿。到了1990年初期，溪水中已经没有鱼了，水变得又黑又红。“河在流血”，吴先生引用他自己的话说。Mr. Wu is small and pudgy. Ms. Xu calls him “little fatty.” He also has a short temper, and pollution sparked it.吴先生比较矮胖，吴太太叫他“小胖子”。他的脾气也不太好，污染使他更加暴躁了。“In the beginning I didn’t understand it myself,” he recalled years later in an interview with Farmers’ Daily. “It was my personality that decided all of this. I felt the burden getting bigger.”“一开始我自己并没有认识到它，”他在与农民的会面的几年后回忆道，“一旦决定了就不回头是我的个性，我感到担子更重了。”He began by snapping photos of factories dumping untreated effluent into canals. He mailed them, anonymously at first, to environmental protection agencies.When that produced few results, he signed the letters and included his phone number, volunteering to help inspectors see the problem for themselves.Local regulators ignored him. But fish kills, declining rice yields and slumping tourism to the once pristine area made Lake Tai’s ecology a broader concern. Higher-ranking officials in Nanjing, capital of Jiangsu Province, got in touch.他开始把工厂向运河排放没有处理的污水拍成照片，匿名寄给环保局。当这没有结果以后，他在信上签了名并且加上了他的电话号码，志愿帮助监察者发现问题。当地的管理者没有理睬他。但是鱼的死亡，稻米产量的下降和旅游业的下降使这个一度质朴的地区与太湖的生态息息相关。北京的高层和江苏省会南京开始进入调查。One evening, Mr. Wu brought provincial inspectors to see concealed pipes running from a factory near his home to a stream that flowed into the lake. The factory, Feida Chemical, got slapped with a fine, and Mr. Wu got his start.一天晚上，吴先生带着省监察人员察看被一家工厂埋在他家附近的隐蔽处的管道，正在向河水里排污流向湖里。菲达化工厂[江苏省傲伦达]受到了罚款的处罚，吴先生从此开始了他的斗争。
Friends and Enemies朋友与敌人
Mr. Wu’s farmhouse filled up with the evidence he amassed, a bit haphazardly, of a looming environmental disaster. He used his pantry to store plastic bottles containing muddy water samples from streams and canals. Near his queen-size bed he kept stacks of newspaper clippings and photographs, letters and petitions.吴先生的农舍放满了他收集的证据，逼近的环境灾难中有些偶然。他用他的食品室来储藏含有从河流和运河里采集的含有污水样本的塑料瓶。在他大号的床边存放了大堆的新闻剪报和照片，新建和申诉状。One letter from local farmers described how a nearby factory making 8-hydroxyquinoline, used as a deodorant and antiseptic, emitted noxious fumes that “make our days and nights impassable.” Another writer referred to a local factory as “a new Unit 731,” after the Japanese team that conducted chemical warfare experiments in World War II. Members of another group said they did not dare tend their rice paddies without wearing gloves and galoshes because irrigation water caused their skin to peel off.在一封信中当地农民描述了附近一个用偏苯三酚制造除臭剂和防腐剂的工厂如何排放有害气体，使得他们感到“日子一天也没有办法过了。”另一个作者把当地的一家工厂说成了“一支新的731部队”，那是二战中进行化学战实验的日本部队。另一群成员说他们不敢没有穿着手套和胶鞋就下田照看他们的水稻，因为灌溉的水使得他们掉皮。Mr. Wu answered many such calls for help. Between 1998 and 2006, the environmental protection agency of Jiangsu Province recorded receiving 200 reports of pollution incidents and regulatory violations from Mr. Wu.吴先生回了很多求助信，在1998到2006年间，江苏省的环保局记录从吴先生处收到了200份污染事件和违反规定的报告。Many of those he helped became allies. But Mr. Wu was making as many enemies as friends.“Our society lacks the right atmosphere for environmental protection,” he told one local newspaper. “Even in areas where pollution is most severe, I still have a hard time winning people’s support.”他帮助的许多人后来成为了同盟，但是吴先生使很多敌人成为了朋友。“我们的社会缺乏对环境保护的良好氛围，”他告诉当地一家报纸，“即使污染在区域里是最严重的，我仍会用大量的时间来赢得人们的支持。”Some residents feared for their jobs, with good reason. The soundproofing factory fired Mr. Wu in 1999. His notice of dismissal, which he saved among his other papers, cited his failure to attend a meeting.很多居民担心他们的工作是有道理的。隔音材料的工厂在1999年解雇了吴先生。他收集的解雇通知里说他没有参加一个会议。His family lived off his wife’s salary at the dye factory for a time. Then one day Ms. Xu mentioned to Mr. Wu how the stream near her factory changed colors depending on which dye they made that day. Mr. Wu brought a television crew to film the rainbow-colored stream. Ms. Xu soon lost her job as well.“He did not always have our family’s happiness at heart,” Ms. Xu recalled. “He probably should have investigated someone else’s factory.”Such pressure, though, made him confront local authorities more directly.他的家庭靠他妻子在染料厂里的收入维持生活了一段时间。但是有一天吴太太向吴先生提到她附近的工厂是如何以彩虹色的水改变了河流的颜色。吴太太很快也丢了她的工作。“他并不总关心我们家庭的快乐”，吴太太回忆道，“可能他应该调查其它的工厂。”In 2001, Wen Jiabao, then a vice premier, now China’s prime minister, came to investigate reports of Lake Tai’s deterioration. Like most Communist Party inspection tours, word of this one reached local officials in advance. When Mr. Wen asked to see a typical dye plant, one was made ready, according to several people who witnessed the preparations.2001年当时的副总理温家宝，现在的中国总理，来调查太湖恶化的报告。像许多共产党的视察一样，当地官员预先就得到了这个风声。当温总理要求查看一家典型的染料厂时，一家被几个人目击到的有准备的厂被安排好了。The factory got a fresh coat of paint. The canal that ran beside it was drained, dredged and refilled with fresh water. Shortly before Mr. Wen’s motorcade arrived, workers dumped thousands of carp into the canal. Farmers were positioned along the banks holding fishing rods. Mr. Wen spent 20 minutes there. A picture of him shaking hands with the factory boss hangs in its lobby.工厂被打扮上了新的外衣，旁边流过的运河被排干了，挖掘过并且重新注入了干净的水。就在温总理的车队到达前，工人们往河里倾倒了数以千计的鲤鱼。农民们被安排在河边用鱼竿钓鱼。温总理在那里待了20分钟，一张温总理和工厂老板握手的照片就被放在了大厅里。Mr. Wu fired off an angry letter to Beijing recounting the ruse and warning the vice premier that he had been “deceived.” Mr. Wu circulated copies among his friends. Local officials saw it, too. Several villagers said they were warned then that they should keep a distance from Mr. Wu.吴先生火冒三丈地些了一封信给北京叙述这个诡计并且告知副总理他被欺骗了。吴先生复制了很多份在他的朋友们中流传，当地政府也看到了。一些村民说他们被警告离吴先生远一点儿。
Words From Above
One summer afternoon in 2002, Mr. Wu went out on an errand and saw a banner stretched across the main road downtown. It read: “Warmly welcome the police to arrest Wu Lihong for committing blackmail in the name of environmentalism.”2002夏天的一个下午，吴先生出差看到一个标语在镇上的公路上横挂着。上面写着：“热烈欢迎警察逮捕以环保名义写黑信的吴立宏。”Mr. Wu told friends he initially suspected that the banner was hung by local factory bosses to intimidate him. But when he went to the police to complain, he found a stack of placards with the same exhortation in the police station. The police had erected the banner themselves, and they detained him on the spot.吴先生最初怀疑横幅是当地工厂的老板挂出来胁迫他的。但是当他走到警察局控诉时，他发现一堆同样内容的布告张贴张派出所里。警察自己挂的横幅，他们当场就拘留了他。His family received a detention notice accusing Mr. Wu of inciting farmers to stage a public protest about pollution a few weeks earlier. The notice did not mention blackmail, as the banner had, and the police never pressed charges. He was released within two weeks.他家里收到一张拘留通知，指控吴先生几星期前煽动农民举行针对污染的公众抗议。通知上没有提到横幅上写的黑信，警方也未加以指控。他在两个星期之内被释放了。That episode appeared to be part of an inconsistent, somewhat bumbling effort to keep Mr. Wu boxed up and harmless. 这个插曲看起来是矛盾的一部分，有点像笨拙的使吴先生困住和失去危险的努力。There were carrots as well as sticks. Zhang Aiguo, the chief environmental regulator in the city of Yixing, struck up a dialogue with Mr. Wu, several friends said.有胡萝卜也有大棒。宜兴市环境官员张爱国和吴先生进行了一次谈话，几个朋友说。Hang Yaobin, a truck driver and sundry shop owner in Zhoutie who has also pressed for better environmental controls, said Mr. Zhang told Mr. Wu that they could improve the environment together. But Mr. Wu should expose problems in other jurisdictions and should stop damaging Yixing’s reputation.杭尧斌，一位周铁的卡车司机和百货商店店主也同样受到过环境的控制，说张先生告诉吴先生他们能够一起改善环境。但是吴先生应该在管辖的范围内揭露问题并且要停止损害宜兴的声誉。“Zhang Aiguo told him: ‘Don’t make me stink, or I’ll lose my job. Then we’ll accomplish nothing,’” Mr. Hang said.In a telephone interview, Mr. Zhang declined to discuss his dealings with Mr. Wu in detail. But he acknowledged that the two talked regularly before he was assigned to another position in the Yixing government.“张爱国告诉他：‘不要让我为难，否则我也要丢掉我的工作。那样我们什么也做不了，’”杭先生说。在一次电话采访中，张先生拒绝谈论他和吴先生谈话的细节。在他承认两人谈得很有原则，在他被调到宜兴政府的其它职位之前。In 2003, Mr. Zhang offered Mr. Wu a business opportunity. A steel plant in Zhoutie had been ordered by environmental authorities to buy new dust-control equipment. Mr. Wu could find a vendor for the equipment and earn a handsome commission, several people told about the arrangement said.Mr. Zhang confirmed that he told Mr. Wu of the opportunity.2003年，张先生给了吴先生一个生意上的机会。周铁的一家钢厂被环境部门强制要购买新的控制尘土设备。吴先生可以找一家卖设备的卖主并赚一笔可观的佣金。Mr. Wu debated whether to accept. Mr. Hang said he advised his friend against it. “If you’re engaged in a confrontation with officials you can’t gamble, or visit prostitutes, or have any other vice,” Mr. Hang said. “They are always looking for ways to get you.”吴先生与杭先生争辩是否接受他朋友的建议拒绝接受。“如果你已经参加了和官员的对抗你就不能赌博，嫖妓，或者其它任何不良嗜好，”杭先生说：“他们总是在找方法整倒你。But this contract involved an environmental cleanup. And with both Mr. Wu and his wife out of work, they needed money. Mr. Wu agreed to contact a vendor recommended by Mr. Zhang.但是这个合同涉及到一项环保收益。由于吴先生夫妇都没有工作，他们需要钱。吴先生同意联系张先生推荐的卖主。It was not a rewarding endeavor. He brokered a contract. But the dust-control company gave him only a token advance on his promised commission. The steel plant boss, who had befriended Mr. Wu, eventually withheld part of what he owed the dust-control company to compensate Mr. Wu, according to Ms. Xu, his wife.这不是一个有回报的努力。他代理了这个合同。但是扬尘抑制公司给了他仅仅给了他许诺的委托中象征性的预付款。曾待友善地对待他的钢铁厂的老板，最终拒付了他欠扬尘控制公司的部分来补偿吴先生，据她的妻子说。That was one of several muddled interactions with local officials and businessmen that did not satisfy either side. Mr. Wu remained cash-strapped. He did not stop contacting Nanjing and Beijing about pollution problems.这是几个与当地官员和商人混乱的互动之一，让两头都不能满意。吴先生依旧身无分文。他没有停止就污染问题和南京与北京方面的接触。In 2005, he heard that the local government would be the host of a big delegation of Chinese reporters as part of the China Environmental Century Tour. He got in touch with China Central Television, the leading national broadcaster, and promised to reveal the story behind the story.在2005年，他听说当地政府成为一个大型中国记者代表团的东道主，作为中华环保世纪行的一部分，承诺揭露故事背后的故事。He arranged covertly for the reporters to inspect a section of the Caoqiao River that he learned the government planned to show them on the coming tour. He revealed hidden pipes that discharged black effluent from local factories into the river, which flows into Lake Tai.他偷偷安排了记者视察了漕桥河的一段，他知道政府计划在将来的形成中会向他们展示。他揭露出了隐藏的管道，从当地工厂向河水泻出黑色污水并且流向太湖。The China Central Television crew later joined the Potemkin official tour. They aired a special report on “the river that goes from black to clear overnight.”中国中央电视台人员随后参加了万里行官方行程。他们制作了一个特别报道名为“一夜之间河水由黑变清。”Mr. Wu was the star of that report, an environmental celebrity. Later the same year, the National People’s Congress, China’s party-run Parliament, declared him an “Environmental Warrior.”吴先生成为了那起报道中的明星，一位环保名人。同年后期，全国人民代表大会，中国共产党运作的议会，宣称他为“环保斗士。”

汉界楚河

中国男子再战湖泊污染- 西雅图时报-
Originally published Saturday, November 13, 2010 at 6:16 AM最初发表在2010年11月13日，星期六，6:16上午
Chinese man battles lake pollution中国男子再战湖泊污染
Pollution problems are widespread in China after three decades of unbridled economic growth.污染问题是在中国经过三十年肆无忌惮的经济增长普遍。 But what's surprising about Tai Lake is the money and attention that have been spent on the problem and how little either has accomplished.但什么是对太湖奇怪的是花的问题，并已很少或者已经完成的金钱和精力。
By William Wan 威廉湾   The Washington Post “华盛顿邮报”

Former fishermen skim the swirling toxic algae from the surface of the heavily polluted Tai Lake in Zhoutie, China.前者从表面的污染严重的太湖，在周铁，中国渔民脱脂纷飞的有毒藻类。 They cannot fish anymore, but the government pays them to collect the algae.他们不能再捕鱼，但政府支付他们收集藻类。

PETER PARKS / AFP/GETTY IMAGES匡公园/ AFP / Getty图像
Wu Lihong argues with security personnel outside the Supreme People's Court in Beijing recently.吴立红认为，最高人民法院在北京法院外最近的保安人员。 Plainclothes police prevented the Chinese environmentalist convicted of extortion in 2007 from requesting a retrial, blocking him inside China's top court, the activist said.便衣民警防止勒索，要求重审2007年中国环保定罪，他阻止中国最大的法庭内，活动家说。
Related有关
ZHOUTIE, China — You smell the lake before you see it, an overwhelming stench like rotten eggs mixed with manure.周铁，中国 - 您闻到湖边，你看到它之前，绝大多数与有机肥混合臭鸡蛋一样的恶臭。
The visuals are just as bad, the shore caked with toxic blue-green algae.视觉效果是一样糟糕，岸边涂着厚厚的有毒蓝藻。 Farther out, where the algae is more diluted but equally fueled by pollution, it swirls with the currents, a vast network of green tendrils across the surface of Tai Lake.更远的地方，那里的藻类是更稀释，但同样受污染燃料，它翻腾着的电流，一个绿色的卷须的庞大网络，整个太湖的表面。
Such pollution problems are now widespread in China after three decades of unbridled economic growth.这样的污染问题，现在在中国仍然普遍存在，后三十年肆无忌惮的经济增长。 But what's surprising about Tai Lake is the money and attention that have been spent on the problem and how little either has accomplished.但什么是对太湖奇怪的是花的问题，并已很少或者已经完成的金钱和精力。 Some of the country's highest-ranking leaders, including Premier Wen Jiabao, have declared it a national priority.一些国家的最高级别的领导人，包括总理温家宝，已宣布它是国家的优先事项。 Millions of dollars have been poured into the cleanup.倒入已清理了数百万美元。
And yet the lake is still a mess.和湖仍然是一个烂摊子。 The water remains undrinkable, the fish nearly gone, the fetid smell lingering over villages.水仍然不能饮用，鱼，近了以上的村庄挥之不去的恶臭气味。
Tai Lake is the embodiment of China's losing fight against pollution.太湖是中国的对抗污染失去的体现。 This summer, the government said that, despite stricter rules, pollution is rising again across the country in key categories such as emissions of sulfur dioxide, which causes acid rain.今年夏天，政府表示，尽管严格的规则，污染呈上升趋势在全国范围内再次在关键类别，如二氧化硫的排放量，从而导致酸雨。 Just months before, the government had revealed that water pollution was more than twice as severe as previous official figures had shown.仅仅在几个月前，政府曾透露，水体污染是以前的官方数字显示，超过两倍严重。
The story of Tai Lake is a story of high-level promises and lower-level reneging, of economic interests superseding environmental ones.太湖的故事是一个高层次的承诺和较低级别的背弃取代环境的经济利益的故事。 And it is an illustration of China's awkward relationship with environmental activists, who challenge the government's authority but are often the loudest force pushing its new environmental priorities on the local level.它是中国的环保活动家，挑战政府的权威，但往往是最响力，推动其新的环境优先事项，在地方一级的尴尬关系的例证。
No one knows this story better than Wu Lihong.没有人知道这个故事比吴立红。
For almost two decades, Wu — a peasant living along the lake, a three-hour drive west of Shanghai — waged a one-man campaign to clean it up.近二十年，吴 - 沿湖农民生活，三个小时的车程，上海西 - 发动一个人的运动，把它清理干净。 He kept track of the thousands of factories springing up along its shores and took pictures of the untreated waste they discharged into the lake.他雨后春笋沿海岸的工厂成千上万的轨道，并保持了未经处理的废水排放入湖的照片。 He mailed water samples to inspectors, called TV stations and spoke out in the face of threats from factory bosses and local leaders.他邮寄水样督察，被称为电视台，并在工厂老板和地方领导人的​​威胁面前发言。
His actions cost him his job, threatened his marriage and landed him in prison for three years.他的行动花费了他自己的工作，威胁他的婚姻，并降落在监狱里他为三年。 He returned home this spring to find the lake virtually unchanged.他回国后今年春天发现的湖泊几乎不变。 Now, with no job prospects and few friends willing to risk a visit, he spends much of his time alone at home, mulling over what he has sacrificed — whether it was worth it, and whether he should continue.现在，没有就业前景和几个朋友愿意冒着访问，他花费他的时间独自在家，酝酿了什么，他已经牺牲 - 无论它是值得的，他是否应该继续。
Harassed hero 骚扰英雄
To hear Wu's story firsthand is to witness the paranoia he now lives in.听到吴的故事，第一手见证偏执，他现在住英寸
A short, baby-faced man, Wu, 42, assumes his cellphone is tapped and prefers meeting strangers in obscure spots outside town.短，娃娃脸的人，吴某，42岁，假设他的手机被窃听，喜欢在城外的晦涩点的陌生人见面。 After agreeing to take a reporter to his home, Wu pulls up his shorts to reveal a two-inch scar on his inner thigh.同意记者到他家后，吴拉起他的短裤，露出了他的大腿内侧两英寸的疤痕。 He said he got it a few weeks ago by the lake when two thugs attacked him with a knife.他说，他得到了湖，它在几个星期前，当两名歹徒用刀袭击他。 He points to rounder scars along his arm and his hands — cigarette burns, he said, from police interrogations.他指出，圆的伤疤，沿着他的手臂，他的手 - 香烟烫伤，他说，从警方的盘问。


While he was in prison, authorities put his wife and daughter under 24-hour surveillance.虽然他在监狱里，当局把他的妻子和女儿，24小时监控下。 Shortly before Wu's release, the guards in front of his house were replaced by three traffic cameras erected on the single-lane road leading to his farmhouse.不久之前，吴的释放，在他家门前的警卫三个交通导致他的农舍的单线道路上竖立相机所取代。
His environmental work started in the early 1990s, when he began noticing foul smells from the lake he grew up on.他的环保工作开始于20世纪90年代初，当他开始注意到他长大湖恶气。 Wu, the son of farm peasants, was working at the time as a salesman for a sound-barrier manufacturer.吴，农场的农民的儿子，作为一个声屏障制造商的推销员工作时间。
After he started complaining, he and his wife lost their jobs.之后，他开始抱怨，他和他的妻子失去了工作。 Thugs smashed in the windows of their house.在他们的房子的窗户被砸的打手。 Local police tried, unsuccessfully, to arrest him on a spectrum of charges.未果，当地警方试图逮捕他的收费频谱。
"At first, there were other villagers reporting the pollution, too," said Han Yaobing, 60, who was one of them. “起初，报告的污染，也有其他村民说，”汉Yaobing，60岁，他是其中之一。“ "But everyone gave up under the pressure of authorities. He was the only one left." “但每个人都放弃了对当局的压力下，他是唯一一个离开。”
After Chinese and foreign media picked up his story, Wu became a national hero and by 2005 was being praised by Chinese and international organizations.经过中国和外国媒体拿起了他的故事，吴成为民族英雄，并在2005年被中国和国际组织的好评。 That year, China's highest-ranking legislative body, the National People's Congress, declared him one of China's top 10 environmental activists and flew him to a ceremony at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.这一年，中国的排名最高的立法机构全国人民代表大会，宣布他的中国十大环保活动家之一，飞到他在仪式在北京人民人民大会堂。
When he returned home, his wife, Xu Jiehua — who had kept quiet through years of harassment — finally begged him to stop.当他回到家里，他的妻子，许洁华 - 曾保持沉默，通过多年的骚扰 - 最后恳求他停下来。
Because Wu was born in the Year of the Monkey, she gave him a carving of three monkeys on a string, each with a hand covering the eyes, ears and mouth.因为吴在猴年出生，她给他雕刻了三只猴子上串，每一个覆盖的眼睛，耳朵和嘴的手。 From now on, she told him, you see, hear and report no evil.从现在开始，她告诉他，你会看到，听到和报告没有邪恶。
But Wu didn't stop.但吴没有停止。 One look at the lake and his anger just bubbled up again.在湖边一看，他的愤怒只是再次冒泡。
Torture alleged 指称的酷刑
For years he had criticized only local authorities for the pollution.多年来，他曾批评只有地方当局的污染。 And for the most part, China's central government stayed out of the fray.和大多数情况下，中国中央政府留出了战斗。
All that changed in 2007, when — just two years after Beijing lauded him for his work trying to protect the lake — Wu learned that the central government planned to award his city the title of "National Model City for Environmental Protection," praising the very local officials Wu had fought for years.在2007年，当改变 - 仅仅两年之后，北京称赞他为他的工作试图保护湖泊 - 乌了解到，中央政府计划为国家环境保护模范城市“称号，授予他的城市”，大赞吴地方官员已争取多年。
Wu was furious.吴大怒。 He started gathering more evidence, telling friends he planned to sue the central government over the title.他开始收集更多的证据，告诉朋友，他打算起诉标题中央政府。 Within weeks, he was arrested.在几个星期内，他被警方拘捕。
The exact charges changed several times, and most were ultimately dropped.确切的收费几经变化，和大多数人最终下降。 In the end, Wu's conviction on two charges of blackmail and fraud relied heavily on his confession, which Wu says he signed after being hung by the arms for five days and beaten with branches.在年底，吴的两个勒索和欺诈罪被定罪倚重他的供词，吴说，他被挂武器五天，用树枝殴打后签署。
Local officials, who deny torturing Wu, say his prosecution was not retaliation for his environmental work.当地官员否认折磨吴说，他的起诉是不是为了报复他的环保工作。
Just weeks after his arrest in 2007, everything Wu had warned about suddenly came true.仅仅在几个星期后，他在2007年被捕，一切突然成真吴曾警告。
Pollutants in the lake produced record amounts of toxic algae.在湖中污染物的产生有毒藻类的纪录。 Local authorities were forced to declare the lake undrinkable, leaving more than 2 million people without potable water.地方当局被迫宣布湖水不能饮用，留下超过2亿人没有饮用水。 The price of bottled water shot up sixfold.瓶装水的价格上涨了六倍。
As Tai Lake became a national scandal, hundreds of industrial plants were shut down, local officials were dismissed, and billions of dollars were committed to clean it up.作为太湖成为一个全国性的丑闻，数以百计的工业厂房被关闭，当地官员被免职，并承诺数十亿美元来清理。 It became part of the new nationwide push to tackle air quality, forest preservation and water pollution.它成为新的全国推动解决空气质量，森林保护和水污染的一部分。
Progress since then, however, has proved elusive.然而，自那时以来的进展，已被证明难以实现。 By some standards, the lake has improved.一些标准，湖中有改善。 The level of nitrogen and phosphorus — ingredients for algae growth — have decreased slightly. - 氮和磷的水平，为藻类生长的成分 - 已略有下降。 By other measures, such as overall water quality, the lake has gotten worse.其他措施，如整体水质，湖水已变得更糟。
According to government statistics in July, 85 percent of the lake was put in the worst possible category for water quality, unsuitable for drinking, irrigation or even recreation.根据政府在7月的统计，85％的湖泊水质中可能出现的最坏的类别，不适当的饮水，灌溉，甚至娱乐。
Across the country, modest environmental progress in recent years has seen similar signs of worsening as environmental concerns have taken a back seat in the recent the economic recovery.温和环境进步，近年来在全国各地，已经恶化的环境问题已经采取了在最近的经济复苏的后座看到了类似的迹象。
In the face of this bleak future, Wu now questions whether he sacrificed everything for nothing.在面对这种惨淡的将来，吴现在怀疑他是否牺牲一切白白。
"Maybe I should have just focused on making a living, raising my family," he says in his living room, holding his wife's string of carved monkeys. “也许我就应该关注生活，提高我的家人，”他说，在他的客厅，抱着妻子的雕刻猴子的字符串。 "But this is where I live. A man cannot just run away to Shangri-La while his home is ruined." “但是，这是我住的地方。一个人不能只跑掉香格里拉，而他的家被破坏。”
Across the room, Wu's wife says little.在房间里，吴的妻子说，小的。
Because Wu can't find a job, she now works two — one at a wool factory and the second, ironically, at a chemical plant on Tai Lake.具有讽刺意味的​​是，因为吴不能找到一份工作，她现在工作 - 羊毛工厂和第二，在对太湖化工厂。
It is, she later explains, the only place hiring these days.后来，她解释说，这是唯一的地方，雇用这些天。Staff researcher Wang Juan contributed to this report. 员工研究员王鹃促成了这一报告。
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汉界楚河

»11/11/2009 18:09  中国-美国  奥巴马在中国强调尊重“人权”  中国人权捍卫者写一个美国总统的公开信，批评华盛顿的失败站起来对北京的人权和审查。  该组织呼吁奥巴马提出的问题，在他与胡锦涛会晤。 北京（亚洲新闻） -组织中国人权捍卫者（维权网）已致函美国总统奥巴马的公开信，呼吁他告诉他的中国同行作出承诺，以人权，民主和法治在中国的统治。  美国领导人已经表示，他要解决这些问题，在他即将访问北京。更具体地说，来函，来电释放吴立红，孙小弟，胡佳，谭作人，刘小波的中国持不同政见者。
The two leaders are scheduled to meet on 15 November in Beijing. 两位领导人定于11月15日在北京举行。 Their agenda will include climate change, nuclear proliferation and the economic crisis; however, Obama, although he did not meet the Dalai Lama during the latter's US visit, will bring up the issue of human rights in his talks with Chinese leaders. 他们的议程将包括气候变化，核扩散和经济危机，然而，奥巴马，虽然他没有满足后者的访美期间，达赖喇嘛，将带来的人权问题，在他与中国领导人的会谈。 His visit is set to end on the 18. 访华结束18。
In their letter, CHRD activists, many of whom are based in China, warn that any pledges by the Chinese government to tackle climate change and other global challenges are likely to remain empty promises unless Chinese citizens are able to engage freely in the process of implementing these reforms without the fear of repercussions. 维权网的活跃分子，其中许多人是在中国的基础上，在信中警告说，中国政府的任何承诺，以应对气候变化等全球性挑战，可能仍然是空洞的承诺，除非中国公民在实施过程中能够从事自由这些改革没有恐惧的反响。Addressing the US president directly, the CHRD letter said, “ We have been concerned with the messages your administration has sent to the Chinese people and government since you took office. ” 直接寻址的美国总统，维权网信说，“我们一直与有关的消息已发送到你的政府是中国人民和政府上任以来。”
“In February, during her visit to China Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said the US would not prioritize human rights in its relationship with the government and, most recently, you broke with established precedent in not meeting with His Holiness the Dalai Lama”. “今年二月，在她访问的中国国务大臣希拉里·克林顿说，美国不会优先考虑人权在其与政府的关系，最近一段时间，你不是会见达赖法王”打破既定的先例。
Still, the letter said it held “great expectations for your administration's commitment to human rights. 尽管如此，信中说，举行了“政府当局对人权的承诺寄予厚望。 In your inaugural address, you spoke of 'the rule of law and the rights of man' as ideals which 'still light the world,' and which you promised not to abandon 'for expedience's sake.' 您在就职演说中，你谈到的理想，法治和个人权利的规则'依然照亮着世界，“你答应不放弃”为权宜的缘故。“ We believe your upcoming trip to China presents an important opportunity to re-affirm this belief. 我们相信你即将到来的中国之行提供了一个重要的机会，重新确认这一信念。 “ “
Furthermore, “Civil society participation is critical to the United States' interest in a genuinely productive partnership with China on cutting greenhouse gases,” said Renee Xia, CHRD's International Director, “and one of the primary obstacles facing Chinese citizens hoping to monitor government actions is official censorship, especially on the internet. 此外，“民间社会的参与是美国的1与中国真正的生产力削减温室气体的伙伴关系感兴趣的关键，”说芮妮夏，维权网的国际董事，“并希望中国公民所面临的主要障碍之一监察政府的行动是官方的审查，特别是在互联网上。 Mr. Obama,” she said, “should urge the Chinese president: 'Mr. 奥巴马先生，“她说，”应敦促中国区总裁：“先生 Hu, please tear down the Great Firewall!'” 胡锦涛，请推倒万里长城！“
By way of conclusion, the letter listed a number of practical requests the US leader should submit to Hu Jintao, including “s top punishing individuals for exercising their freedom of expression using Article 105 of the Criminal Code,” and provide “a specific timetable for the ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.” 最后，信中列出了一些实际的要求，美国领导人应该向胡锦涛，包括“的顶级惩罚行使其表达自由使用”刑法“第105条个人”，并提供“一个具体的时间表“公民权利和政治权利国际公约”的批准。“
For his part, in an interview President Obama said, “I don't find the critics credible. 对他而言，奥巴马总统在接受记者采访时说，“我不批评可信。 If you look at my statements, they have been entirely consistent. 如果你看在我的发言，他们已经完全一致的。 We believe in the values of freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom of religion, that are not just core American values but we believe are universal values." 我们相信，在言论自由，新闻自由，宗教自由，不只是核心的美国价值观，但我们认为是普世价值的价值。“